Kemampuan Constructed Wetland Jenis Aliran Bawah Permukaan (SSF - Wetland) dalam Mengolah Air Limbah Kawasan Komersial

Wastewater of commercial areas such as hotels, shops, restaurants, offices, and shopping centers relatively contain high pollutant concentrations, they caused the imbalance of drainage ecological quality, health problems, and the water pollution itself. The effective technology in treating waste wateris The Sub Surface Flow Constructed Wetland (SSF-Wetland) that maximize either the impact or the potentcy of the plants in treating waste waterin the physical, chemical and biological wayby using plants/vegetation, water and microorganisms to reduce the level of pH, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), and the level of Total Suspended Solid (TSS) contained in waste water by slowly flowing them through the inlet hole to the surface covered by the living plants. The experimental result shows by using bamboo water plant (Equisetum hyemale) in artificial wetland system, the content of pollutants in wastewater can be eliminated. The highest average value of COD reduction efficiency is 61.9 %, 92.6 % of TSS and the decreasing of pH reaches 29.4%. The advantage of wastewater treatment using this system enables us to produce the appropriate water quality of the domestic wastewater based on the quality standards

Patients' views on improving sickle cell disease management in primary care: focus group discussion.

OBJECTIVES: To assess sickle cell disease (SCD) patient and carer perspectives on the primary care services related to SCD that they receive from their general practitioner (GP). DESIGN: A focus group discussion was used to elicit the views of patients about the quality of care they receive from their primary health-care providers and what they thought was the role of primary care in SCD management. The focus group discussion was video recorded. The recording was then examined by the project team and recurring themes were identified. A comparison was made with notes made by two scribes also present at the discussion. SETTING: Sickle Cell Society in Brent, UK. PARTICIPANTS: Ten participants with SCD or caring for someone with SCD from Northwest London, UK. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Patients perceptions about the primary care services they received, and a list of key themes and suggestions. RESULTS: Patients and carers often bypassed GPs for acute problems but felt that GPs had an important role to play around repeat prescriptions and general health care. These service users believed SCD is often ignored and deemed unimportant by GPs. CONCLUSION: Participants wanted the health service to support primary health-care providers to improve their knowledge and understanding of SCD. Key themes and suggestions from this focus group have been used to help develop an educational intervention for general practice services that will be used to improve SCD management in primary care

Views of patients about sickle cell disease management in primary care: a questionnaire-based pilot study.

OBJECTIVES: To determine how patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) perceive the quality of care that they receive from their primary healthcare providers. DESIGN: A questionnaire-based pilot study was used to elicit the views of patients about the quality of care they have been receiving from their primary healthcare providers and what they thought was the role of primary care in SCD management. SETTING: Sickle Cell Society and Sickle Cell and Thalassaemia Centre, in the London Borough of Brent. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred questionnaires were distributed to potential participants with SCD between November 2010 and July 2011 of which 40 participants responded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Analysis of 40 patient questionnaires collected over a nine-month period. RESULTS: Most patients are generally not satisfied with the quality of care that they are receiving from their primary healthcare providers for SCD. Most do not make use of general practitioner (GP) services for management of their SCD. Collecting prescriptions was the reason most cited for visiting the GP. CONCLUSION: GPs could help improve the day-to-day management of patients with SCD. This could be facilitated by local quality improvement schemes in areas with high disease prevalence. The results of the survey have been used to help develop a GP education intervention and a local enhanced service to support primary healthcare clinicians with SCDs ongoing management

THE PERCEPTION OF ESTATE MANAGEMENT STUDENTS OF COVENANT UNIVERSITY TO THE COURSE VALUATION: COMPREHENSIBLE OR NOT?

Valuation is very important to the real estate profession. It is a veritable tool for decision making in property transaction and require that opinion of values given for an interest in landed property by practitioners are reliable and consistent. However, the study of valuation by university students appears to have generated bias over the years. The failure rate in valuation compared to other courses seems to be higher. The aim of this paper is to examine the Perception of Estate Management students to the study of valuation. Estate management students of covenant university students from 200 to 500 levels (being the levels offering valuation as a subject) were adopted as population sample for the study. Structured questionnaires were analyzed and the simple descriptive statistics were used for the study. The outcome of the study shows that some of the students are not fully aware of the course- Estate Management but were compelled to study it and as such are not enjoying some of the subjects particularly valuation while some are aware but find valuation particularly difficult and the others are of the opinion that valuation is very interesting. It recommends that more orientation should be given to students about the different discipline and the courses / subjects that make up the study before embarking on such a study at the universit

THE INFLUENCE OF REFUSE DUMPSITE ON RENTAL VALUES OF RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES

This study was aimed at examining the impact of refuse dumpsite on rental values of residential properties in Utako district, FCT – Abuja, Nigeria. This was with a view to investigating into the relationship between rental values of residential properties and distances away from the refuse dumpsite. In attaining the aim of this research, three objectives were formulated. Data were collected from primary and secondary sources. The primary sources were through self-administered questionnaires with the goal of obtaining reliable information from the residents of residential properties and Estate Surveyors and Valuers while secondary sources included past research projects, journal articles, property magazines such as Orbitals, Homes and Lands magazines etc. and literatures on similar topics. Appropriates sample sizes were determined using the Bartlett, Kotrlik and Higgins (2001) model. From the study, recommendations were made based on the findings by the Federal Capital Territory Administration (FCTA), Abuja Environmental Protection Board (AEPB), and The Nigerian Institution of Estate Surveyors and Valuers (NIESV) that the Nigeria Institution of Estate Surveyors and Valuers (NIESV) should place more emphasis through the academic curriculum on environmental management taking into considerations issues like waste disposal and management knowing fully well that wastes if well managed can be recycled to create more wealth and employment opportunities for the Nigerian youth, similar studies should be extended to other major cities in the country and the world at large for comparison of differences and findings in property value trends

Assessing the potential for Salmonella growth in rehydrated dry dog food

A substantial percentage of dog owners add water to dry dog food to increase its palatability. The recent association of Salmonella contamination of dry pet foods with salmonellosis cases in both dogs and their owners has generated a need to determine the ability of Salmonella to grow in eight commercial brands of rehydrated dry dog food. Eight brands of commercial dry dog food were rehydrated to 20, 35 and 50% added moisture, inoculated with two S. enterica strains (~105 CFU/g) and incubated for 72 h at 18 °C, 22 °C, or 28 °C. Dog food brand, moisture content, and temperature affected pathogen growth/survival patterns. Rehydration to 20% moisture did not support growth of S. enterica, and in general there was a 0.5–2.0 Log decline. At 35% moisture and 28 °C, 4 of 8 brands supported up to 3.4 Log(CFU/g) of growth, while Salmonella levels declined in three brands, and remained unchanged in one. Rehydration to 50% moisture at 28 °C supported increases of up to 4.6 Log(CFU/g) in 5 of 8 brands. Growth kinetics determinations with two of the brands that supported growth had calculated lag times, generation times, and maximum population densities of 4.4 and 2.2 h, 1.4 and 10.8 h, and 7.3 and 6.9 Log(CFU/g) when rehydrated to 35% moisture and held at 30 °C. Results of this study establish that the rehydration of dry dog food with sufficient amounts of water may support the growth of S. enterica. Based on the most rapid observed lag times, growth of Salmonella, if present, in rehydrated dog food could be avoided by discarding or refrigerating uneaten portions within 2–3 h of rehydration. These data allow accidental or intentional rehydration of dry dog food to be factored into predictive microbiology models and exposure assessments.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40550-016-0043-

Household Level Factors Responsible for Gender Poverty Among Cassava Farmers in Odeda Local Government Area of Ogun State

Poverty is multidimensional, enduring and is prevailing not only globally, but also particular cultural, political and economic features of a specific country increasing it. The gulf between haves and have-nots has lingered. Gender disparities, inequality, spatial dimensions, political instability, week institutions and lack of spiritual capital causes the poverty. The objective of this study was to examine the determinants of poverty among cassava producing households by gender of household heads in Odeda local government area of Ogun state. A total of 120 cassava farming household comprising of 76 male headed households and 46 female headed households were interviewed using structured questionnaire, in obtaining information from them. The study revealed that there is a positive relationship between the household size and poverty status for both the female headed households and male headed households and also the age of the household head has a negative relationship with the poverty status of the female household while farm experience and off farm activities were negatively related to the poverty status among the male household. Also, it was found out that neither of the households dominates one another in the poverty analysis. It was concluded that the household size of both the male and female households is an important determinant of poverty status as it was significant to the poverty status of the respondents.&nbsp

THE PERCEPTION OF ESTATE MANAGEMENT STUDENTS OF COVENANT UNIVERSITY, OTA TO VALAUTION COURSES

Valuation is very important to the real estate profession. It is a veritable tool for decision making in property transaction and require that opinion of values given for an interest in landed property by practitioners are reliable and consistent. However, the study of valuation by university students appears to have generated bias over the years. The failure rate in valuation compared to other courses seems to be higher. The aim of this paper is to examine the Perception of Estate Management students to the study of valuation. Estate management students of covenant university students from 200 to 500 levels (being the levels offering valuation as a subject) were adopted as population sample for the study. Structured questionnaires were analyzed and the simple descriptive statistics were used for the study. The outcome of the study shows that some of the students are not fully aware of the course- Estate Management but were compelled to study it and as such are not enjoying some of the subjects particularly valuation while some are aware but find valuation particularly difficult and the others are of the opinion that valuation is very interesting. It recommends that more orientation should be given to students about the different discipline and the courses / subjects that make up the study before embarking on such a study at the university