Kartlegging av læremidler benyttet i naturfag i norske ungdomsskoler

Master i grunnskolelærerutdanning 5-10, Naturfag 4 - 202

Current Pathologic Scoring Systems for Metal-on-metal THA Revisions are not Reproducible

Development and application of statistical models for medical scientific researc

Assessment of effective thermal product of surface junction thermocouples on millisecond and microsecond time scales

Surface junction thermocouples are used extensively for transient heat flux measurements, but their accuracy is dependent on the effective thermal product (TP) of the gauge and this can be a function of the time scale of interest. In the present work the response of surface junction k-type thermocouples was investigated experimentally using a water droplet calibration technique (for millisecond times scales) and a small shock tube (for microsecond time scales). Different junctions formed by scalpel blade scratches and abrasive paper were investigated. When scratches from scalpel blades were used to form the junction, the TP identified from the water droplet calibrations consistently differs by approximately 20% depending on whether the junction was made on the chromel or alumel substrate, in accord with existing thermal properties data. However, the shock tube calibrations indicate that for scalpel-scratched junctions there is considerable variability in thermocouple response time due to effective junction depth variations produced during construction. In contrast, junctions formed with abrasive paper produced rise times consistently less than 1s, but the water droplet and shock tube experiments both indicated significant variability in the effective TP for these gauges. The consistency in TP for scalpel-scratched junctions for millisecond time scales and the variability for junctions created with abrasive grit for both the millisecond and microsecond time scales is attributed to the differences in the effective proximity of the junction to the insulation between chromel and alumel substrates. For junctions created with abrasive grit, the effective TP is approximately 30% smaller for microsecond time scales than it is for millisecond time scales

Transferring the IKEA Culture: Co-creating a strategic intervention that allows IKEA employees to adopt the company culture

Every company has its own unique work-culture. Famous furniture seller IKEA, being no different. IKEA is currently active in 52 countries and is still growing strongly, so more and more people of different cultures are coming together because of it. IKEA’s culture has been formed through out the years and has the potential to help achieve great things. However, the IKEA sales coworkers do not have an incentive, nor the time to deepen their knowledge about the IKEA culture and its values. They therefore do not identify with it and do not use it in their every workday actions. This is bad for the IKEA brand and reduces the chances of company success. The IKEA culture is designed at the inter IKEA office, but has a different result on the actual work-floor. In order to bridge that gap, this report takes a unique bottom up-approach, while at the same time maintaining a top-down view. This is achieved by creating solutions for and together with the IKEA sales employees, while keeping the global view of the IKEA office in mind, and is supported by the fact that I (the author) am one of the very few coworkers at IKEA, that has worked in the store and at the office at the same time. Providing me with the opportunity to take the role of both main stakeholders; the end-users (the store coworkers) and the client (the IKEA franchisor). A work-culture is the result of employees living the company's key values in combination with their personal values. It is shaped by stories, artefacts, routines, rituals and symbols. All of which are researched through out this project. After the research grounded in literature, a lot of field research was also done. The main conclusions being that the current knowledge of culture was lacking among IKEA coworkers (for example; only 12 out of the 85 participants could say how many key values IKEA has), that the introduction of new coworkers would be the moment of intervention and lastly, that the intervention can have the biggest impact on sales employees. To support the bottom-up approach a thorough co-creation process took place. Lots of ideas were created in this session. They were clustered and detailed and eventually formed the inspiration behind three concepts; a strategic monthly intervention that addresses all key values, a board game that introduces those values and strategically designed ritual of introducing new coworkers to the IKEA culture. The concepts were presented to IKEA and all of the reactions were very positive, so a final concept was detailed. The final intervention revolves around the moment the new coworker receives his/her coworker uniform and consists of four parts: 1. the story the manager will tell the new coworker, 2. a key values box, 3. the new design of the IKEA clothing, with the key values printed on the inside, 4. a letter for inside the box. For each part a list of design criteria and design examples were given. The intervention can be tested at IKEA Delft, but has the potential to scale up to international levels. It has the opportunity to bring people from all over the world together under a common goal and to, in the end, create a better everyday life for the many people.Strategic Product Desig

Large fixed-size metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasty : higher serum metal ion levels in patients with pain

Purpose: Recently, concerns have arisen about metal-on-metal (MoM) total hip arthroplasty (THA). Therefore, the purpose of this cross-sectional cohort study was to describe the incidence of pain, pseudotumours, revisions and the relation between elevated metal ion levels, functional outcome and quality of life after MoM THA.Methods: In 351 patients, 377 MoM THA with a fixed-size 38-mm head were evaluated with a mean follow-up of 30 months (range 11–58). Evaluation included pain, serum metal ions, patient-reported questionnaires (Short Form-36 [SF-36], Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score [HOOS] and the Oxford Hip Score [OHS]) and radiological imaging. Sixteen patients did not participate in the screening.Results: One hundred and eighteen (35 %) patients reported pain and showed significantly higher cobalt and chromium levels compared to patients without pain. Median serum cobalt levels were 4.4 μg/l (interquartile range [IQR] 6.6) and chromium levels were 3.6 μg/l (IQR 4.8). Patients with cobalt levels of ≤5 μg/l reported significantly better outcome on the SF-36 and HOOS. Fifty-seven pseudotumours were identified in 227 THAs. A revision rate of 19 % was observed.Conclusions: In conclusion, 35 % of the patients experienced pain after MoM THA. These patients showed significantly higher serum metal ion levels. The patient-reported questionnaires indicated significantly better outcome in patients with cobalt levels ≤5 μg/l