On recrystallization in metal matrix composites

The plane strain deformation of model continuous fibre composites such as Cu-W provides a vehicle for the study of the macroscopic effects of second phase particles on the strain distribution in the matrix and its possible effects on subsequent recrystallization behaviour. By using metallographic studies based both on optical gridding methods and low temperature recrystallization, the pattern of flow enforced by the fibres can be quantified and related to the spatial distribution of recrystallization events

Geography, policy, or productivity? Regional trade in five South American countries, 1910-50

Regional trade in South America since independence has long been much smaller than would be expected if geography were the only constraint on trade. Several potential explanations exist, including low technological and demand complementarities; low productivity; and high natural and policy barriers to trade. Focusing on the latter explanations, policy makers have long advocated a South American/Southern Cone Free Trade Area¿proposed as early as 1889. Would reductions in trade costs have been sufficient to raise trade significantly, or was trade low for other reasons? We study bilateral trade between 1910 and 1950, when large external shocks altered global supply and demand. These shocks help us show that intra-regional trade could have been boosted by reductions in trade costs. Trade among Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, and Peru could have benefited from more benign trade policies or better infrastructure. Regional trade in textiles, which took off from the 1930s, supports our argument that trade improved when trade costs fell

Pelagic seabirds as biomonitors of persistent organic pollutants in the Southwestern Atlantic

Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) are accumulated through time and can exert different effect on ecosystems. POPs and Chlorpyrifos, a current use pesticide, were assessed in body feathers of males and females of Black-browed albatross (Thalassarche melanophris, BBA) and Cape petrels (Daption capense, CAP) during their non-breeding seasons at the Patagonian Shelf, Argentina. Chlorpyrifos showed the highest values among all pollutants in both species (49.56–84.88 ng g−1), resulting from current agricultural practices. The pattern OCPs > PCBs > PBDEs was observed in both species, and CAP showed higher concentrations than BBA probably as a consequence of higher lipid mobilization and pollutants availability during dispersion. Non-significant differences between sexes about POPs levels were found; however a slight tendency was observed, females>males in CAP, and males>females in BBA. More attention and further studies are needed to understand seabirds' physiology and its relationship with the pollutants distribution in their tissues and considering breeding season.Fil: Quadri Adrogué, Agustina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias Marinas. Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología; ArgentinaFil: Miglioranza, Karina Silvia Beatriz. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias Marinas. Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Copello, Sofía. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Favero, Marco. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Seco Pon, Juan Pablo. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; Argentin

15th Quadrennial International Association on the Genesis of Ore Deposits Symposium - Symposium Proceedings

Fil: Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino; Argentina.Fil: International Asociation on the Genesis of Ore Deposits (IAGOD)Fil: Asociación Geológica Argentina; Argentina.El simpósio "15th Quadrennial International Association on the Genesis of Ore Deposits Symposium" se llevó a cabo en Salta, Argentina, entre el 28-31 de agosto del 2018.CONTENT SESSIONS CHAPTER 1: EPITHERMAL GOLD DEPOSIT / Convenor: Diego Guido ; CHAPTER 2: ORE DEPOSITS IN EXTENSIONAL TECTONIC SETTINGS / Convenor: Silvia Lagorio ; CHAPTER 3: ORE DEPOSITS RELATED TO GRANITES: FROM ORE FORMING PROCESSES TO METALLOGENY / Conveners: Jingwen Mao, Shao-Yong Jiang, Xiaoming Sun ; CHAPTER 4: METALLOGENY OF THE ANDES / Convenor: Nora Rubinstein ; CHAPTER 5: METALLOGENY OF CRATONIC AREAS / Convenor: Martín Gozalvez ; CHAPTER 6: GLOBAL TECTONICS AND METALLOGENY: ORE DEPOSIT SETTINGS AND PREDICTIVE MODELLING APPLIED TO MINERAL RESOURCES / Convenor: Martín Gozalvez ; CHAPTER 7: GEOCHEMISTRY OF ORE FORMING FLUIDS / Convenor: Daniel Moncada ; CHAPTER 8: PRECISION GEOCHRONOLOGY AND ISOTOPE GEOLOGY OF ORE-FORMING PROCESSES: ITS IMPORTANCE IN EXPLORATION AND METALLOGENIC MODELLING / Convenor: Carlos Herrmann ; CHAPTER 9: ORE MINERALOGY / Convenor: Nigel Cook ; CHAPTER 10: NEW DISCOVERIES AND NEW RESEARCH ON SKARN DEPOSITS / Conveners: Zhaoshan Chang, Larry Meinert ; CHAPTER 11: NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN MAGMATIC SULFIDE AND OXIDE DEPOSITS IN SOUTH AMERICA AND WORLDWIDE / Conveners: María Emilia Schutesky Della Giustina, David Holwell ; CHAPTER 12: MAGMATIC-HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS AND THE FORMATION OF ORE DEPOSITS / Conveners: Fernando Tornos, David Lentz ; CHAPTER 13: HIGH-TECH CRITICAL METALS: EVALUATION AND DEPOSIT MODELS. MEETING THE RESOURCE DEMANDS OF THE LOW / Conveners: Kenzo Sanematsu, Yasushi Watanabe, Jens C. Andersen, Reimar Seltmann ; CHAPTER 14: TECHNICAL DEVELOPMENTS AND GEOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS IN REMOTE SENSING: FROM SATELLITES TO UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES (UAV) / Conveners: Valery Bondur, Sergey Cherkasov ; CHAPTER 15: URANIUM DEPOSITS AND RESOURCES / Conveners: Luis López, Michel Cuney, Mostafa Fajek ; CHAPTER 16: BASE METALS IN SEDIMENTARY SEQUENCES / Conveners: Thierry Bineli-Betsi, Josefina Pons, Joseph Zulu ; PLENARY LECTURES METALLOGENIC POTENTIAL OF ARGENTINA / Eduardo Zappettini ; SINGULARITY OF LITHOSPHERE PHASE TRANSITION AND ORIGINATION OF PORPHYRY MINERALIZATION / Qiuming Cheng ; NATIONAL MINERAL EXPLORATION STRATEGIC ACTION PLAN-APPLICATION OF METALLOGENIC THEORY AND EXPLORATION IN CHINA / Li Jinfa ; MINERAL EXPLORATION MODELS FROM SIMPLE FICTION TO COMPLEX REALITY / Reimar Seltmann ; COPPER DEPOSITS IN BRAZIL: GEOLOGICAL SETTING, PROCESS AND EVOLUTION OF MINERAL SYSTEMS / Lena Monteiro ; CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF THE EPITHERMAL ENVIRONMENT THAT HAVE IMPLICATIONS FOR EXPLORATION / Jeffrey Hedenquist ; PALEOZOIC PORPHYRY CU (MO, MU) SYSTEMS FROM THE URALS / Olga Plotinskaya ; WHY DETAILED MINERALOGY IS IMPORTANT: UNDERSTANDING EVOLUTION OF THE OLYMPIC DAM IRON-OXIDE COPPER-GOLD SYSTEM, SOUTH AUSTRALIA / Nigel Cook ; IRON OXIDE COPPER-GOLD (IOCG) SYSTEMS: EXAMINATION OF END-MEMBER MODELS, PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROCESSES, AND POSSIBLE MODERN ANALOGUES / David Lentz ; MICROBIOLOGY AND THE FORMATION OF ORE DEPOSITS / Fernando Tornos ; RARE EARTH MINERAL SYSTEMS ASSOCIATED WITH ALKALINE INTRUSIONS AND CARBONATITES / Franco Pirajn

Water management in France: delegation and irreversibility

The problem that we address in this paper stems from the trend to delegation in the water management field. It refers to the municipality's negotiating disadvantage in the face of cartelized water management firms that makes delegation, once undertaken, virtually irreversible. We show why the characteristics of the delegation auction render is useless as a tool for collective welfare maximization. We also show that the remaining tool for achieving collective welfare maximization, i.e. the municipality's right to revoke delegation and return to direct management, is also ineffective due to a lack of credibility that is essentially financial in nature. Thus, if the credibility of revocation could be restored, the municipality's bargaining power could also be restored. Using standard methods of stochastic calculus, we model the municipality's right of revocation as a call option held by the municipality. We show that the key variable for the value of this option, and thus for the municipality's position, is the exercise price, which is partly determined by objective economic criteria and partly by legal and institutional conventions. We show that community welfare maximisation occurs at the point where the exercise price is determined exclusively by objective economic criteria. Since the delegated firm as a simple agent has the right to abrogate the contract if delegation becomes unprofitable, we then model this right as a put option held by the firm. Its value also depends to a large extent on the exercise price, which is partly determined by objective economic criteria and partly by legal and institutional conventions. Combining the exercise points of the two options enables us to determine the price-profit interval over which delegation will be acceptable to both parties. We conclude that the optimal interval will be the one where the exercise prices are determined entirely by objective economic criteria