臨地実習における看護学生が関係した倫理的問題に対する看護教員の気づき

本研究の目的は、臨地実習で看護学生（学生）が関係した倫理的問題の事象を、看護教員がどのように捉え、判断し、応答したのかについて事例検討を行い、どのような気づきを得たのかを明らかにした。事例検討会は、臨地実習が終わってもなお気がかりとなっていた5つの事例を持ち寄り実施した。臨地実習で学生が関係した倫理的問題に対する看護教員の気づきには３のカテゴリー【学生に対する未熟な対応】【関係性を重視した守りの姿勢】【振り返り語ることでの充足感】と９のサブカテゴリーが抽出された。事例検討会は、看護教員としての倫理的感受性を高めるに留まらず、看護基礎教育における看護倫理教育力の向上につながることが示唆された

Static and dynamic hypergravity responses of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in medaka scales

Fish scales are a form of calcified tissue similar to that found in human bone. In medaka scales, we detected both osteoblasts and osteoclasts and subsequently developed a new scale assay system. Using this system, we analyzed the osteoblastic and osteoclastic responses under 2-, 3-, and 4-gravity (G) loading by both centrifugation and vibration. After loading for 10 min, the scales from centrifugal and vibration loading were incubated for 6 and 24 hrs, respectively, after which the osteoblastic and osteoclastic activities were measured. Osteoblastic activity significantly increased under 2- to 4-G loading by both centrifugation and vibration. In contrast, we found that osteoclastic activity significantly decreased under 2- and 3-G loading in response to both centrifugation and vibration. Under 4-G loading, osteoclastic activity also decreased on centrifugation, but significantly increased under 4-G loading by vibration, concomitant with markedly increased osteoblastic activity. Expression of the receptor activator of the NF-αB ligand (RANKL), an activation factor of osteoclasts expressed in osteoblasts, increased significantly under 4-G loading by vibration but was unchanged by centrifugal loading. A protein sequence similar to osteoprotegerin (OPG), which is known as an osteoclastogenesis inhibitory factor, was found in medaka using our sequence analysis. The ratio of RANKL/OPG-like mRNAs in the vibration-loaded scales was significantly higher than that in the control scales, although there was no difference between centrifugal loaded scales and the control scales. Accordingly, medaka scales provide a useful model by which to analyze bone metabolism in response to physical strain. © 2013 Zoological Society of Japan