Educación superior: prácticas virtuales tradicionalistas y la ausencia del discurso reflexivo

El presente ensayo está encaminado a reflexionar sobre el papel del profesor y profesora ante la contingencia sanitaria derivada por el coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Principalmente, problematizar el escenario educativo durante la pandemia y las prácticas virtuales educativas, así como la postura del estudiante ante los cambios repentinos que significó trasladar lo presencial a lo virtual. Finalmente, se expone la necesidad de un discurso crítico del papel que desempeña la escuela como espacio de reflexión y análisis de los problemas sociales, tales son: los casos de violencia contra la mujer en los últimos meses

LA HISTIDINA COMO UN POSIBLE PRECURSOR EN EL ORIGEN DE LA VIDA

Los procesos químicos que se dieron durante los primeros años de la evolución del planeta Tierra, -antes de la presencia de formas celulares-, han sido motivo continuo de estudios a nivel experimental en muchos laboratorios. Considerando ambientes prebióticos plausibles, se ha dado importancia y validez a la presencia de materiales, tales como minerales y arcillas, que pudieron aportar elementos químicos necesarios para catalizar reacciones químicas y estabilizar otro tipo de compuestos orgánicos. La estructura cristalina de algunas biomoléculas de importancia biológica, así como su estereoquímica pueden llevarnos a comprender algunas de las formas de compuestos descritos en el espacio; en particular los compuestos orgánicos mencionados en algunas meteoritas. Finalmente, aportar elementos que nos ayuden a dar nuevas evidencias sobre el ¿cómo? y el ¿por qué? de la existencia de algunas moléculas de importancia biológica, siempre enriquecen el campo científico, y en particular abren nuevos horizontes para entender la relevancia en los procesos fisicoquímicos y más tardíamente, los procesos metabólicos, que pudieron dar lugar a organismos vivos de tipo unicelular en la Tierra primitiva. En el presente trabajo se discute la importancia de la histidina como catalizador orgánico en los estudios sobre el origen de la vida. Se presentan los resultados preliminares sobre la formación de monocristales de histidina en una disolución acuosa y sus posibles implicaciones como aminoácido esencial para la formación de oligopéptidos. Además se plantea la posibilidad de que este aminoácido haya actuado en un momento dado, como catalizador de ciertas reacciones químicas vitales en muchos seres vivos, apoyando su potencial actividad como catalizador orgánico.//The chemical processes occurred during the first years of the evolution of the planet Earth, before the presence of cellular forms, have been continuous reason of studies at experimental level in many laboratories. Considering some possible prebiotic environments, the presence of materials such as clays-type minerals, which could provide chemical and structural elements such as their surfaces, have been given importance and validity to give protection and reactivity to the organic molecules existing in the surrounding environment. These catalytic processes, mediated by mineral surfaces, could give rise in the interstellar medium to a whole range of organic molecules. Many of these are low molecular weights, such as amino acids and carboxylic acids and sometimes molecular weights are much higher. Providing elements that help us to give new evidence about the origin of some molecules of biological importance in the interstellar medium, always enrich the scientific field related to the origin of life, and in particular open new horizons to understand the relevance of physicochemical processes that Could give rise to living organisms on primitive Earth. The present work discusses the possible abiotic synthesis of the amino acid histidine and its importance as an organic catalyst in the formation of oligopeptides in simulations of reactions at the origin of life. In this paper, we discuss the relevance of having histidine monocrystals, simulating a process of hydration-dehydration in shallow pools on the primitive Earth; A phenomenon that is essential for the formation of oligopeptides and, in turn, generate supramolecular assemblies before the appearance of life on our planet

Implementation of a roadmap for the comprehensive diagnosis, follow-up, and research of childhood leukemias in vulnerable regions of Mexico: results from the PRONAII Strategy

The main objective of the National Project for Research and Incidence of Childhood Leukemias is to reduce early mortality rates for these neoplasms in the vulnerable regions of Mexico. This project was conducted in the states of Oaxaca, Puebla, and Tlaxcala. A key strategy of the project is the implementation of an effective roadmap to ensure that leukemia patients are the target of maximum benefit of interdisciplinary collaboration between researchers, clinicians, surveyors, and laboratories. This strategy guarantees the comprehensive management of diagnosis and follow-up samples of pediatric patients with leukemia, centralizing, managing, and analyzing the information collected. Additionally, it allows for a precise diagnosis and monitoring of the disease through immunophenotype and measurable residual disease (MRD) studies, enhancing research and supporting informed clinical decisions for the first time in these regions through a population-based study. This initiative has significantly improved the diagnostic capacity of leukemia in girls, boys, and adolescents in the regions of Oaxaca, Puebla, and Tlaxcala, providing comprehensive, high-quality care with full coverage in the region. Likewise, it has strengthened collaboration between health institutions, researchers, and professionals in the sector, which contributes to reducing the impact of the disease on the community

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Metaverse and copy-paste education: the invasion of digital platforms

El siguiente escrito presenta los comienzos de la economía digital en el Silicon Valley de San Francisco, California. Asimismo, problematiza los alcances y límites de la digitalización de la educación después de la pandemia. Bajo la idea predominante de las bonanzas educativas, gracias al uso de plataformas digitales, se levanta la otra cara de la moneda: la sobreexplotación de lo cognitivo. Con esto la educación del copy-paste pasa a debatirse entre la educación virtual tradicionalista y la metaeducación virtual.&nbsp; Además, se presentan dos posturas; los que defienden el uso de las tecnologías (tecnorománticos) y los que observan cautelosamente el uso de estas herramientas (tecnofóbicos) con sus consecuencias en la educación.The following text presents the start of the digital economy in Silicon Valley in San Francisco, California. At the same time, it questions the scope and limits of the digitalization of education after the pandemic. Under the prevailing idea of educational prosperity, thanks to the use of digital platforms, the other side of the coin is revealed: the overexploitation of the cognitive. With this, copy-paste education goes on to be torn between traditional virtual education and virtual meta-education. Furthermore, two positions are put forward; those which defend the use of technologies (techno-romantics) and those which cautiously observe the use of these tools and their consequences in education

La universidad rendimiento: consecuencias de la mercantilización de la educación en la sociedad. El caso de México 1990-2000

"La siguiente investigación realiza un análisis respecto a la consolidación de las instituciones de educación superior, tiene como autor principal en el primer capítulo a Jaques Lee Goff, quien describe el origen de las universidades en el mundo. Aquellos establecimientos que otorgan un título académico surgen durante la Edad Media, Oxford, París y Bolonia, son los primeros establecimientos, además, explica el surgimiento a partir de organizaciones que deciden establecer como un oficio el de enseñar, dejando claro que las universidades no surgen por los poderes eclesiásticos. También, en este trabajo se narra el origen de la figura del rector, la autonomía universitaria, los contenidos que se enseñaron, así como la ceremonia para obtener el título, que históricamente se llamó examen de grado durante el medioevo. Lo anterior, apoya a la tesis para comprender un elemento que desde su fundación ha existido que es el fenómeno de exclusión e inclusión, pues precisamente, el examen abre el procedimiento nuevo de selección.

A histidina como possível precursor na origem da vida

Los procesos químicos que se dieron durante los primeros años de la evolución del planeta Tierra, -antes de la presenciade formas celulares-, han sido motivo continuo de estudios a nivel experimental en muchos laboratorios. Considerandoambientes prebióticos plausibles, se ha dado importancia y validez a la presencia de materiales, tales comominerales y arcillas, que pudieron aportar elementos químicos necesarios para catalizar reacciones químicas y estabilizarotro tipo de compuestos orgánicos. La estructura cristalina de algunas biomoléculas de importancia biológica,así como su estereoquímica pueden llevarnos a comprender algunas de las formas de compuestos descritos en elespacio; en particular los compuestos orgánicos mencionados en algunas meteoritas. Finalmente, aportar elementosque nos ayuden a dar nuevas evidencias sobre el ¿cómo? y el ¿por qué? de la existencia de algunas moléculas de importanciabiológica, siempre enriquecen el campo científico, y en particular abren nuevos horizontes para entender larelevancia en los procesos fisicoquímicos y más tardíamente, los procesos metabólicos, que pudieron dar lugar a organismosvivos de tipo unicelular en la Tierra primitiva. En el presente trabajo se discute la importancia de la histidinacomo catalizador orgánico en los estudios sobre el origen de la vida. Se presentan los resultados preliminares sobrela formación de monocristales de histidina en una disolución acuosa y sus posibles implicaciones como aminoácidoesencial para la formación de oligopéptidos. Además se plantea la posibilidad de que este aminoácido haya actuadoen un momento dado, como catalizador de ciertas reacciones químicas vitales en muchos seres vivos, apoyando supotencial actividad como catalizador orgánico.The chemical processes occurred during the first years of the evolution of the planet Earth, before the presence ofcellular forms, have been continuous reason of studies at experimental level in many laboratories. Considering somepossible prebiotic environments, the presence of materials such as clays-type minerals, which could provide chemicaland structural elements such as their surfaces, have been given importance and validity to give protection andreactivity to the organic molecules existing in the surrounding environment. These catalytic processes, mediated bymineral surfaces, could give rise in the interstellar medium to a whole range of organic molecules. Many of these arelow molecular weights, such as amino acids and carboxylic acids and sometimes molecular weights are much higher.Providing elements that help us to give new evidence about the origin of some molecules of biological importancein the interstellar medium, always enrich the scientific field related to the origin of life, and in particular open newhorizons to understand the relevance of physicochemical processes that Could give rise to living organisms on primitiveEarth. The present work discusses the possible abiotic synthesis of the amino acid histidine and its importanceas an organic catalyst in the formation of oligopeptides in simulations of reactions at the origin of life. In this paper,we discuss the relevance of having histidine monocrystals, simulating a process of hydration-dehydration in shallowpools on the primitive Earth; A phenomenon that is essential for the formation of oligopeptides and, in turn, generatesupramolecular assemblies before the appearance of life on our planet.Os processos químicos que foram dados nos primeiros anos da evolução do planeta Terra, -antes da presença de formas celulares-, motivo continuo de estudos a nível experimental em vários laboratórios. Neste sentido, considerando os ambientes prébioticos relevantes, deu-se importância e validade à presença de materiais tais como, minerais e argilas com elementos químicos necessários para catalisar as reações químicas e estabilizar outros tipos de compostos orgânicos. A estrutura cristalina de algumas biomoléculas de importância biológica, assim como a estereoquímica, permitem compreender algumas formas de compostos descritos no espaço; particularmente compostos orgânicos descritos em algum meteorito. Finalmente, contribuir elementos que sustentem novas evidencias de porquê? ou como? a existência de algumas moléculas de importância biológica, sempre enriquecem o domínio cientifico, e abrem novos horizontes para entender a relevância de processos físico-químicos e mais tarde, os processos metabólicos deram origem a organismos vivos unicelulares na Terra primitiva. No presente estudo, a importância da histidina é discutida como catalizador orgânico de origem da vida. Resultados preliminares são apresentados na formação de monocristais de histidina em solução aquosa e, as possíveis implicações como aminoácido essencial para formação de oligopeptídeos. Além disso, é proposta a possibilidade do aminoácido como catalizador de certas reações químicas vitais de seres vivos, devido ao potencial de catalizador orgânico

Seroprevalence of IgG and Subclasses against the Nucleocapsid of SARS-CoV-2 in Health Workers

Background: The nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2 participates in viral replication, transcription, and assembly. Antibodies against this protein have been proposed for the epidemiological analysis of the seroprevalence of COVID-19 associated with natural infection by SARS-CoV-2. Health workers were one of the most exposed populations, and some had an asymptomatic form of the disease, so detecting IgG antibodies and subclasses against the N protein can help to reclassify their epidemiological status and obtain information about the effector mechanisms associated with viral elimination. Methods: In this study, we analyzed 253 serum samples collected in 2021 and derived from health workers, and evaluated the presence of total IgG and subclasses against the N protein of SARS-CoV-2 by indirect ELISA. Results: From the analyzed samples, 42.69% were positive to anti-N IgG antibodies. A correlation between COVID-19 asymptomatic infection and IgG antibodies was observed (p = 0.006). The detected subclasses were: IgG1 (82.4%), IgG2 (75.9%), IgG3 (42.6%), and IgG4 (72.6%). Conclusions: This work provides evidence about the high seroprevalence of total IgG and subclasses of anti-N and their relations with the asymptomatic infection of SARS-CoV-2 and related symptoms

Detection of IgA and IgG Antibodies against the Structural Proteins of SARS-CoV-2 in Breast Milk and Serum Samples Derived from Breastfeeding Mothers

Background: COVID-19 vaccination or natural infection is associated with the development of immunity. The search of IgA and IgG antibodies against all the structural proteins (spike, nucleocapsid, membrane, and envelope) of SARS-CoV-2 in breastfeeding mothers is associated with immunity that can help the newborn avoid development of the infection. Methods: In this study, we analyzed 30 breastfeeding women that provided samples of breast milk and serum and evaluated the presence of IgA, total IgG, and subclasses against the structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2. Results: We reported a high seroprevalence to IgA (76.67–100%) and negativity to IgG against all analyzed proteins in breast milk. Seroprevalence in serum samples was around 10–36.67% to IgA and 23.3–60% to IgG. Finally, we detected the presence of the subclasses IgG1, IgG2, and IgG4 against all the structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2. Conclusions: This work provides evidence of the presence of IgA and IgG antibodies against the four structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2 in breast milk and serum samples derived from breastfeeding women, which can confer immunity to the newborn