Factors Influencing Social Media Marketing In Different Culture Context.

Masteroppgave økonomi og administrasjon- Universitetet i Agder, 2014Social media has gained precedence in today‟s business environment, and consumers themselves are more receptive to this marketing media. This study aims to identify the factors affecting users‟ attitudes towards social media marketing. From the literature review, a conceptual model was proposed, and five hypotheses were developed. The model studies the effect of several independent variables on attitude towards social media marketing. A questionnaire was completed by students from Norway and Saudi Arabia. Descriptive statistics, t -test, factor analysis, and regression analysis were used for data analysis. We found that three factors affect users‟ attitudes towards social media marketing in Saudi Arabia, and one factor has an impact on users‟ attitude towards social media marketing in Norway. Keywords: users‟ attitudes, social media, social media marketin

Contributing factors and their association with blood pressure control amongst hypertensive patients

Objective: To assess contributing factors and their association with blood pressure control amongst hypertensive patients.Methodology: This cross sectional comparative study was conducted at OPD general medicine dept, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, from July to December 2018. Hypertensive patients of both genders, having age more than 18 years, and on antihypertensive medication form at least six months were included in the study. Optimally controlled BP was defined as an average systolic BP < 140 and diastolic BP < 90 mmHg if the patient is younger than 60 years, or an average systolic BP < 150 and diastolic BP < 90mmHg if patient was older than 60 years. Logistic regression was applied to assess the effect of different factors on blood pressure control of the hypertensive patients.Results: In the study sample majority 107 (55.4%) of the patients belonged to 41-60 years age group, and females 106 (54.9%) were predominant. Main bulk 155 (80.3%) of the patients was married and mostly 80 (41.5%) patients had monthly income in the range of 25000-50000. About half 89 (46.1%) of the patients enrolled for the study were doing adequate physical activity. Optimized blood pressure was found in 92 (47.67%) patients.Conclusion: The proportion of hypertensive patients whose blood pressure was optimally controlled was relatively low and less than half of patients had blood pressure in acceptable limits. Age group (41-60) years, routine use of vegetable on most days of week, physical activity, adherence to treatment and taking less than three drugs have a strong relationship with blood pressure to keep in optimized limits

Association of Type D personality with cardiovascular disease and its prognosis

Objective: To evaluate the association of Type D personality with cardiovascular disease and its prognosis. Methodology: This cross sectional study study was conducted in cardiology department of MBBS medical college Mirpur, from February 2019 to February 2020 in a period of one year. A total of 281 patients with cardiovascular diseases were included. Demographic information and risk factors were noted. Screening for metabolic syndrome was done using international diabetes federation criteria based upon central obesity. The assessment of type D personality was made through DS-14, type D scale, which is the most widely used instrument for type D personality measurement. In which all the 14 items are score on a 5-point Likert scale. Results: There were 77 (27.40%) patients having type D personality, with significantly less mean age (45.36 ± 6.2 vs. 53.45 ± 9.6) in comparison to patients without type D personality. No significant (p-value > 0.05) difference was noted in gender, education, occupation and marital status of the patients having type D personality. The rate of diabetes mellitus (44.46% vs. 37.25%), hypertension (59.74% vs. 47.06%), smoking status (62.34% vs. 53.43%) and metabolic syndrome (48.05% vs. 40.69%) were similar in both groups. The mean values of systolic (124.53 ± 12.35 vs. 116.28 ± 14.30, p-value = 0.000) and diastolic (78.44 ± 6.92 vs. 74.62 ± 7.48, p-value = 0.0001) blood pressure were significantly higher in patients having type D personality. Conclusions: A considerable number of cardiac patients in our study had type D personality trait. This trait was more common in younger age and male patients showing raised levels of blood pressure and HDL cholesterol. Key words: Cardiovascular disease, Type D personality, low HDL cholesterol, Prognosi

Diabetic foot self-care: associated risk factors, awareness and practice among type II diabetic patients

Objective: To evaluate associated risk factors, awareness and practice level of diabetic foot self-care among type II diabetic patients.Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted at outpatient departments of Akbar khan Niazi teaching hospital and PIMS hospital from June to December, 2018. All adult patients diagnosed as Diabetes Mellitus (DM) type 2 for at least one year without any foot related complication were selected. The questionnaire included on demographics and questions related to diabetes, awareness and practice of foot self-care.Results: A total of 196 patients were enrolled, majority 116 (59.18%) of which had age of 41-60 years with 105 (53.57%) of male participants, 76 (38.78%) patients were illiterate and 93 (47.45%) were unemployed or retired. Majority of the participants 109 (55.61%) had monthly income of 25000-50000. Eighty-eight (44.90%) patients were overweight and 32 (16.33%) obese. Majority 113 (57.65%) had diabetes from 5-10 years. On the basis of HbA1c level only 58 (29.59%) patients had HbA1c level of less than 7.0%. Significant number of patients had poor knowledge (41.3%) and practice level (39.8%) regarding foot care.Conclusion: Almost half of our patients attending primary healthcare centers have limited awareness and practice regarding diabetic foot self-care

Diabetic foot self-care: associated risk factors, awareness and practice among type II diabetic patients

Objective: To evaluate associated risk factors, awareness and practice level of diabetic foot self-care among type II diabetic patients.Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted at outpatient departments of Akbar khan Niazi teaching hospital and PIMS hospital from June to December, 2018. All adult patients diagnosed as Diabetes Mellitus (DM) type 2 for at least one year without any foot related complication were selected. The questionnaire included on demographics and questions related to diabetes, awareness and practice of foot self-care.Results: A total of 196 patients were enrolled, majority 116 (59.18%) of which had age of 41-60 years with 105 (53.57%) of male participants, 76 (38.78%) patients were illiterate and 93 (47.45%) were unemployed or retired. Majority of the participants 109 (55.61%) had monthly income of 25000-50000. Eighty-eight (44.90%) patients were overweight and 32 (16.33%) obese. Majority 113 (57.65%) had diabetes from 5-10 years. On the basis of HbA1c level only 58 (29.59%) patients had HbA1c level of less than 7.0%. Significant number of patients had poor knowledge (41.3%) and practice level (39.8%) regarding foot care.Conclusion: Almost half of our patients attending primary healthcare centers have limited awareness and practice regarding diabetic foot self-care

Impact of Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Overweight and Obese Individuals

Objective: To determine the effect of Vitamin D3 supplementation on overweight and obese individuals Methodology: This descriptive Cross Sectional Study was done. The participants in the study were selected from medical outpatient departments of three public sector hospital of Islamabad and Rawalpindi, from January to June 2018. All overweight of obese patients were  randomly divided into two equal groups of 88 participants in each group, by random number table method. Group A was an intervention group who were given vitamin D3 and Group B, was given placebo. Vitamin D3 (dose) supplementation was given for 12 weeks. Anthropometric parameters including BMI, waist circumference, and waist to hip ratio was recorded at the start of the study and was noted on a predesigned performa. After completion of treatment repeat serum Vit. D3 level and anthropometric measurements were done. Results: The mean age in vitamin D group was 38.46 ±7.28 years and in placebo group 37.85±8.25 years. There was insignificant (p-value > 0.05) difference in body weight (76.56±11.25 vs. 75.85±10.76) before and after intervention among participants of vitamin D group. The comparison of waist circumference (92.78±7.35 vs. 92.24±7.21) and hip circumference (107.74±7.45 vs. 106.45±7.12) showed no any significant (p-value > 0.05) change after the intervention. There was a minor change in BMI on baseline 29.65±3.26 and after three months of intervention 29.38±3.1 kg/m2 but this difference was not statistically significant (p-value > 0.05). Conclusion: The supplementation with vitamin D3 during 12 weeks did not improve the anthropometric parameters like body weight, waist and hip circumference and BMI. So the correction of serum vitamin D3 level does not help in decreasing the anthropometric parameters

Impact of Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Overweight and Obese Individuals

Objective: To determine the effect of Vitamin D3 supplementation on overweight and obese individuals Methodology: This descriptive Cross Sectional Study was done. The participants in the study were selected from medical outpatient departments of three public sector hospital of Islamabad and Rawalpindi, from January to June 2018. All overweight of obese patients were  randomly divided into two equal groups of 88 participants in each group, by random number table method. Group A was an intervention group who were given vitamin D3 and Group B, was given placebo. Vitamin D3 (dose) supplementation was given for 12 weeks. Anthropometric parameters including BMI, waist circumference, and waist to hip ratio was recorded at the start of the study and was noted on a predesigned performa. After completion of treatment repeat serum Vit. D3 level and anthropometric measurements were done. Results: The mean age in vitamin D group was 38.46 ±7.28 years and in placebo group 37.85±8.25 years. There was insignificant (p-value > 0.05) difference in body weight (76.56±11.25 vs. 75.85±10.76) before and after intervention among participants of vitamin D group. The comparison of waist circumference (92.78±7.35 vs. 92.24±7.21) and hip circumference (107.74±7.45 vs. 106.45±7.12) showed no any significant (p-value > 0.05) change after the intervention. There was a minor change in BMI on baseline 29.65±3.26 and after three months of intervention 29.38±3.1 kg/m2 but this difference was not statistically significant (p-value > 0.05). Conclusion: The supplementation with vitamin D3 during 12 weeks did not improve the anthropometric parameters like body weight, waist and hip circumference and BMI. So the correction of serum vitamin D3 level does not help in decreasing the anthropometric parameters