Right of disabled person under persons with Disabilities Act 2008: A case study in the state of Perlis

Persons with Disabilities (PWDs) have equal rights like other normal people.Therefore, this study was carried out to identify the rights of PWDs under the Persons with Disabilities Act 2008 and its practice in the state of Perlis.Respondent for this research was ten people with disabilities who were selected through purposive sampling.Data were collected through interviews conducted with them.The results found that most of respondents are not aware of the existence of their rights under the Persons with Disabilities Act 2008.Besides that all the respondents agreed that these rights are not fully implemented in Perlis.Between the recommendations made by the respondents in this study is an ongoing effort to increase awareness and understanding throughout the community about the challenges they face and their needs.In addition, an organization which responsible for PWDs is required for the purpose of expressing an impeller their needs to the government to take actions that can help facilitate them to live as a normal person

Hepatitis E virus isolated from chronic hepatitis B patients in Malaysia: Sequences analysis and genetic diversity suggest zoonotic origin

Background: Zoonotically acquired HEV has been described as one of the most successful zoonotic viral infections in human history.Aim: In this study we characterized HEV comparative genomic analysis as it relates to swine HEV.Materials and methods: A total of 82 chronic hepatitis B patients were recruited from May 2015 to May 2016 for this study. We conducted a serological and molecular investigation of HEV among these patients. The detected HEV were sequenced and the genomes and deduced amino acids were characterized using molecular evolutionary genetic analysis software version 7.Results: Of the 82 chronic hepatitis B patients that were tested, 9.8% (8/82) were found to be HEV positive. Phylogenetic analysis of the HEV RNA sequences showed they are of genotype 4 and demonstrated high sequence identity with a swine isolate from China, with variation in amino acids at position 22, where leucine was present in the Malaysian human isolate while phenylalanine was present in the China swine isolate.Conclusion: Comparative analysis of the human HEV ORF-2 nucleotide sequence suggest zoonotic origin.Keywords: Co-infection, Chronic hepatitis B, Hepatitis E virus, Zoonotic HEV, Malaysian HEV isolat

Fashaf Electrical Engineering (wiring services) / Mohd Shahidan Omar ... [et al.]

FASHAF Electrical Engineering is a business that focuses in wiring and electrical equipment installation service

Genetic diversity of hepatitis B co-infection with hepatitis C, D and E viruses among Malaysian chronic hepatitis B patients

Background: Hepatitis B virus co-infection with other strains of viral hepatitis is associated with increased risk of liver cirrhosis and hepatic decompensation. Objectives: This is a prevalence study that assessed the genetic diversity of chronic hepatitis B patients and coinfection. Methods: Chronic hepatitis B patients enrolled in this study were tested for antibodies of other hepatitis viruses using ELISA kits. Patient clinical profiles were collected and partial genes of HBV, HCV, and HEV were amplified, sequenced, and analyzed using phylogenetic analysis. The associations between variables were determined using the chi-squared test. Results: Of the 82 patients recruited for this study, 53.7% were non-cirrhotic, 22.0% cirrhotic, 20.7% acute flare and 3.7% hepatocellular carcinoma. Majority (58%) of patients had a high level of ALT ( 6534 U/L). Sequence analysis showed HBV (63.9%) belonged to genotype B, HEV belonged to genotype 4 while HCV belonged to genotype 3a and the genotypes were found to be significantly associated with the clinical stage of the patients (\u3c72=56.632; p<0.01). Similarly, Hepatitis B e antigen was also found to be significantly associated with the clinical stage of infection (\u3c72=51.952; p<0.01). Conclusion: This study revealed that genetic diversity was found to have a significant impact on the severity of infection

Genetic diversity of hepatitis B co-infection with hepatitis C, D and E viruses among Malaysian chronic hepatitis B patients

Background: Hepatitis B virus co-infection with other strains of viral hepatitis is associated with increased risk of liver cirrhosis and hepatic decompensation. Objectives: This is a prevalence study that assessed the genetic diversity of chronic hepatitis B patients and coinfection. Methods: Chronic hepatitis B patients enrolled in this study were tested for antibodies of other hepatitis viruses using ELISA kits. Patient clinical profiles were collected and partial genes of HBV, HCV, and HEV were amplified, sequenced, and analyzed using phylogenetic analysis. The associations between variables were determined using the chi-squared test. Results: Of the 82 patients recruited for this study, 53.7% were non-cirrhotic, 22.0% cirrhotic, 20.7% acute flare and 3.7% hepatocellular carcinoma. Majority (58%) of patients had a high level of ALT (≥34 U/L). Sequence analysis showed HBV (63.9%) belonged to genotype B, HEV belonged to genotype 4 while HCV belonged to genotype 3a and the genotypes were found to be significantly associated with the clinical stage of the patients (χ2=56.632; p<0.01). Similarly, Hepatitis B e antigen was also found to be significantly associated with the clinical stage of infection (χ2=51.952; p<0.01). Conclusion: This study revealed that genetic diversity was found to have a significant impact on the severity of infection

Quantitative hepatitis B e antigen: a better predictor of hepatitis B virus DNA than quantitative hepatitis B surface antigen

Background: Hepatitis B surface antigen is usually secreted by infected hepatocytes in the form of subviral particles rather than infectious virions, while the hepatitis B e antigen originates from the core gene and is modified and secreted by hepatocytes into the circulation and functions as a marker of active viral replication. This study aimed to study the relationship between HBV DNA and quantitative hepatitis B surface and e antigen in Malaysian patients. Methods: A total of 82 chronic hepatitis B patients were recruited for this study from the Hepatology Department of Selayang Hospital. Quantitative hepatitis surface and e antigen was performed retrospectively on frozen plasma using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay according to the manufacturer's instructions. Hepatitis B viral DNA was extracted from all plasma samples and quantified using real-time PCR. Results: Quantitative hepatitis B surface and e antigens were found be high in 54.9% and 52.4% of the patients, respectively, while hepatitis B virus DNA level was high in 70.7%. The median of the viral load of HBV was 8,934.89 IU/mL and both hepatitis B surface and e antigens were also found to be high on average for qHBsAg (M = 5.19 IU/mL, SD ± 4. 33) and qHBeAg (M = 4.74IU/mL, SD ± 4.20), with qHBeAg being more strongly correlated to HBV DNA than qHBsAg (r = 0.893; p < 0.01). Conclusions: This study revealed HBeAg to be the most appropriate marker that correlates well with HBV DNA, thus not completely novel but confirmative, and related to the Malaysian situation