Transmission dynamics of Ebola Virus Disease with vaccine, condom use, quarantine, isolation and treatment drug

Background: Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) has brought the human population, especially the West African race, great losses in so many areas such as economic productivity and human life. During the 2014 Ebola Virus outbreak, the disease devastated and threatened the whole world. EVD symptoms (fever, diarrhea, vomiting, etc) may appear anywhere between two to twenty-one days after infection. Those that recovered from the disease return to being susceptible again and can transmit the virus through semen as research has shown the virus presence in semen even after recovery.Material and Methods: Mathematical modeling method with the combination of vaccine, condom use, quarantine, isolation and treatment drug together as control measures in a population consisting of human and animals. A model system of non-linear differential equations for the control of EVD was formulated and the model effective reproduction number (RE ) was obtained using the next generation matrix method and used in the stability analysis of the model. Center manifold theorem was used in the bifurcation analysis of the model.Results: The result shows that the stability analysis of the model shows that the EVD – Free Equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable when and RE<1EVD - Endemic Equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable when RE>1 . The model was shown to exhibit a forward bifurcation.Conclusions: Numerical simulations and analysis of the model show that EVD could be effectively controlled and eradicated within a short period of time when vaccine, condom use, quarantine, isolation and treatment drug control measures are implemented together

Mathematical modelling on the control of HIV/AIDS with campaign on vaccination and therapy

HIV/AIDS is a global pandemic ravaging nations with negative adverse effect creating high level of mortality rate and increase the number of orphans worldwide. The control of this pandemic disease like any other diseases becomes a global fight, thus we use mathematical epidemic model with effective public health campaign on the need for vaccination and effective therapeutic dose as a measure to it spread. A Susceptible, Vaccinated, Infected, Treatment and AIDS (S V IT A) compartmental model is developed in the study. We conducted a qualitative analysis on the models by carrying out the local and global stability analysis on the disease free and endemic equilibrium point. The basic reproduction number R0 is found using the next generation matrix approach. The condition R0 < 1 indicates that with effective public health campaign on the need for vaccination and therapeutic dose, the HIV/AIDS burden will be drastically reduced together with the transmission rate of HIV/AIDS within the population. within the population

TRANSMISSION DYNAMICS OF EBOLA VIRUS DISEASE WITH VACCINE, CONDOM USE, QUARANTINE, ISOLATION AND TREATMENT DRUG: Transmission dynamics of Ebola virus disease

Background: Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) has brought the human population, especially the West African race, great losses in so many areas such as economic productivity and human life. During the 2014 Ebola Virus outbreak, the disease devastated and threatened the whole world. EVD symptoms (fever, diarrhea, vomiting, etc) may appear anywhere between two to twenty-one days after infection. Those that recovered from the disease return to being susceptible again and can transmit the virus through semen as research has shown the virus presence in semen even after recovery. &nbsp; Material and Methods: Mathematical modeling method with the combination of vaccine, condom use, quarantine, isolation and treatment drug together as control measures in a population consisting of human and animals. A model system of non-linear differential equations for the control of EVD was formulated and the model effective reproduction number () was obtained using the next generation matrix method and used in the stability analysis of the model. Center manifold theorem was used in the bifurcation analysis of the model. Results: The result shows that the stability analysis of the model shows that the EVD – Free Equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable when &nbsp;and EVD - Endemic Equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable when . &nbsp;The model was shown to exhibit a forward bifurcation. Conclusions: Numerical simulations and analysis of the model show that EVD could be effectively controlled and eradicated within a short period of time when vaccine, condom use, quarantine, isolation and treatment drug control measures are implemented together

Medicine Vendors: Self-medication Practices and Medicine Knowledge

Background: Medicine vendors fill the gap created by inadequate skilled professionals required for medicine procurement, storage, and distribution in developing countries. Aim : To evaluate self-medication practice and medicine knowledge among medicine vendors and to determine if a relationship exists between both. Materials and Methods : A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted, using a pretested questionnaire on 236 medicine vendors in Jos, Nigeria, sampled through a two-stage stratified design. Data collected were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 16, and the chi-square test was used to determine the association between variables. Results : Self-medication was common (75.4%) among respondents and was not associated (P>0.05) with any of the demographic characteristics studied. The classes of medicines commonly used by respondents for self-medication were analgesics (31.4%), anti-malarials (22.6%), multivitamins (17.7%), and antibiotics (11.25%). A knowledge assessment test revealed that only 34.3% of the respondents had adequate knowledge. There was no significant (P>0.05) relationship between self-medication practice and medicine knowledge, among the respondents. However, the medicine knowledge scores were significantly (P<0.05) associated with holding a certificate in health sciences, years of experience, and the place of practice of the medicine vendors. Conclusion : The present study demonstrated that self-medication practice was high and inadequate medicine knowledge existed among respondents