Content and form in public address : an analysis of the relative influences of the major components of speech upon the listener

A speech; whether prepared or impromptu, ought to be a communicative process. For a speech when defined as discourse delivered to an audience, (1) is a communicative process by which information may be given and received. Inherent in the phrase given and received is the assumption that the speaker anticipates that his listener will understand and respond, and that the speech will be understood as it was intended. The difficulty present in this intent - response theory is the problem of insuring that the listener will understand enough to respond to what the speaker has said. In an effort to ensure response, a speaker may make use of various factors of speech which help to enhance understanding. What these factors are and how they are observed and responded to by the listener are essential questions to be considered in this study

Making It Real: Using a Collaborative Simulation to Teach Crisis Communications

Even seasoned public relations (PR) practitioners can find it difficult to handle communications during a crisis situation when the consequences of making poor decisions may seem overwhelming. This article shares results from using a collaborative simulation to teach college students about crisis communications in an advanced-level PR course. During this experiential-learning activity, students confront responsibilities and make decisions faced by PR professionals as they deal with a client’s crisis and plan a news conference that is attended by journalism students. During the simulation, students have many opportunities to “fail,” yet succeed at the same time. They also learn valuable lessons that stay with them years afterward

Estimating the Elasticity of Demand for Rail Transportation of South Dakota Wheat

The overall objective of this study is to estimate the price elasticities of demand for rail transportation of wheat produced in South Dakota in 1974. The specific objective of this study is to estimate the demand for rail transportation in shipping wheat and the corresponding elasticity coefficients. By accomplishing this, the impact of changes in rail rates on quantities shipped by rail can be estimated. The degree of substitutability between rail and truck is also measured by estimating the elasticity of substitution. To accomplish the above, data on 1974 grain shipments is used to estimate demand functions from which the elasticity coefficients can be estimated. The methodology used in the calculation of the above elasticities will be discussed in following chapters

How SoTL Put a College Teacher on the Road to Success After a Two-Decade Detour

After a two-decade “detour,” a former elementary-school teacher returns to the classroom, this time as a college professor. Her discovery of the scholarship of teaching and learning (SoTL) and subsequent five-year SoTL journey are shared as 10 lessons that have influenced her teaching and benefited her students

Using the American Community Survey (ACS) for Rural or Small Area Research & Policy

CaRDI Research & Policy Brief Issue 2

Identification of novel chondroitin proteoglycans in Caenorhabditis elegans: embryonic cell division depends on CPG-1 and CPG-2.

Vertebrates produce multiple chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans that play important roles in development and tissue mechanics. In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, the chondroitin chains lack sulfate but nevertheless play essential roles in embryonic development and vulval morphogenesis. However, assignment of these functions to specific proteoglycans has been limited by the lack of identified core proteins. We used a combination of biochemical purification, Western blotting, and mass spectrometry to identify nine C. elegans chondroitin proteoglycan core proteins, none of which have homologues in vertebrates or other invertebrates such as Drosophila melanogaster or Hydra vulgaris. CPG-1/CEJ-1 and CPG-2 are expressed during embryonic development and bind chitin, suggesting a structural role in the egg. RNA interference (RNAi) depletion of individual CPGs had no effect on embryonic viability, but simultaneous depletion of CPG-1/CEJ-1 and CPG-2 resulted in multinucleated single-cell embryos. This embryonic lethality phenocopies RNAi depletion of the SQV-5 chondroitin synthase, suggesting that chondroitin chains on these two proteoglycans are required for cytokinesis

Synaptophysin-Ki67 double stain: a novel technique that improves interobserver agreement in the grading of well-differentiated gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors.

A common problem in the assessment of Ki67 proliferative index in well-differentiated gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors is distinguishing tumor from non-tumor. This is because background stromal lymphocytes, entrapped non-neoplastic glands, and the delicate vascular network characteristic of neuroendocrine tumors frequently contain a subset of proliferating cells. Furthermore, in small biopsies, crush and cautery artifact can alter the morphologic appearance of tumor cells, making the Ki67 proliferative index more difficult to assess. To address these issues, we developed a synaptophysin-Ki67 double stain using a commercially available immunohistochemistry kit, allowing simultaneous visualization of tumor and proliferating nuclei. To test this method, three gastrointestinal pathologists individually graded 50 gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors first using synaptophysin-Ki67 double-stained slides and then, after a washout period, using Ki67-only stained slides (along with routine hematoxylin- and eosin-stained slides). Interobserver agreement on Ki67 proliferative index was moderate using the Ki67-only stained slides (intraclass correlation 0.51, 95% confidence interval: 0.35-0.66) and improved using the synaptophysin-Ki67 double stain (intraclass correlation 0.79, 95% confidence interval: 0.69-0.86). Similarly, interobserver agreement on tumor grade was fair with Ki67-only stained slides (κ=0.39, P<0.001) and improved with the double stain (κ=0.58, P<0.001). Analysis of individual pathologists' scores revealed that fewer total number of tumor cells counted correlated with higher grade designation and appeared to contribute to grade discordance. In tumors cited as particularly challenging to assess by the pathologists, three of four tumors were grade discordant with the Ki67-only stain, whereas all four tumors were grade concordant with the synaptophysin-Ki67 stain. The synaptophysin-Ki67 double stain is the first technique to address specifically the histomorphologic challenges of evaluating Ki67 proliferative index in well-differentiated gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors. Although further validation is needed, this study provides evidence that the synaptophysin-Ki67 double stain can improve interobserver agreement

Eosinophilic Mucosal Infiltrate in Infants with Congenital Gastrointestinal Obstruction

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/72246/1/j.1572-0241.1994.tb03185.x.pd

Perceived standard of care by practitioners in different optometric settings

Optometry is a diverse profession with many modes of practice. The setting in which the Optometrist practices is perceived by many practitioners to influence the type of examination and specific procedures performed on each patient. This research project surveys optometrists in the following modes of practice: Health Maintenance Organization, Private Practice, Military, Retail/Commercial, and Academia. The goal was to examine specific procedures done on patients to determine if there was a significant difference in examination thoroughness between modes of practice. Surveys consisting of three common practice scenarios listing specific procedures were distributed to 100 optometrists in the above modes across the United States. Results were tabulated and analyzed revealing both similarities and differences between each of the individual modes of practice. Although slight differences were found, they were more in the area of emphasis of examination, rather than in standard of care. Thus, in all likelihood, with individual exceptions, the standard of care is roughly equal in all modes of optometry practice