Vertebrates...and the conflicts in public image

The author explores human perceptions, as influenced by words and the images they conjure in the human brain. People worldwide have formed strong images relating to our environment, both positive and negative: beauty and splendor vs. struggle, plague, and ills. Such a conflict is just beginning between two opposing philosophies concern vertebrates: one, their management completely for the benefit of man; the other, quoting civilization’s threat to the beauty and even existence of high animals. Both viewpoints are unacceptable. When these two viewpoints meet, pest control will be under the giant floodlights of public opinion

Et broget, sammensat trossamfund - identitetsmæssige problemstillinger i det dansk-jødiske samfund 1943-48

This study analyses aspects of Danish-Jewish identity in the context of the Occupation and Holocaust. Instead of the traditional focus of the Danish Jews as a collective in the narrative about ‘the rescue’ in October 1943, the paper examines how the exile in Sweden and deportation to Theresienstadt influenced the groups within the community. The article describes different perceptions of Jewish identity in the groups and their approach to countering anti-Semitism in the exile. At the return, the leadership made efforts to fit the Danish Jews into the national narrative about the resistance, but for some this meant that they could not achieve recognition for their situation. The deportees also experienced this in the context of the Holocaust, as Theresienstadt could not be compared to the extermination camps in Eastern Europe. The article points to the fact that a proportionally large number of members resigned from the Jewish organisation ‘Mosaisk Troessamfund’ after the war due to political disagreement with the strategy of the leadership, aspirations of further integration (due to marriage or fear), or financial considerations. The exile and deportation thus influenced the community in a variety of ways

Multistrain models predict sequential multidrug treatment strategies to result in less antimicrobial resistance than combination treatment

Background Combination treatment is increasingly used to fight infections caused by bacteria resistant to two or more antimicrobials. While multiple studies have evaluated treatment strategies to minimize the emergence of resistant strains for single antimicrobial treatment, fewer studies have considered combination treatments. The current study modeled bacterial growth in the intestine of pigs after intramuscular combination treatment (i.e. using two antibiotics simultaneously) and sequential treatments (i.e. alternating between two antibiotics) in order to identify the factors that favor the sensitive fraction of the commensal flora. Growth parameters for competing bacterial strains were estimated from the combined in vitro pharmacodynamic effect of two antimicrobials using the relationship between concentration and net bacterial growth rate. Predictions of in vivo bacterial growth were generated by a mathematical model of the competitive growth of multiple strains of Escherichia coli. Results Simulation studies showed that sequential use of tetracycline and ampicillin reduced the level of double resistance, when compared to the combination treatment. The effect of the cycling frequency (how frequently antibiotics are alternated in a sequential treatment) of the two drugs was dependent upon the order in which the two drugs were used. Conclusion Sequential treatment was more effective in preventing the growth of resistant strains when compared to the combination treatment. The cycling frequency did not play a role in suppressing the growth of resistant strains, but the specific order of the two antimicrobials did. Predictions made from the study could be used to redesign multidrug treatment strategies not only for intramuscular treatment in pigs, but also for other dosing routes

Preventing social interaction difficulties in pre-school

Master i tilpasset opplæring - 202

Providing Long Term Services & Supports to People with Impaired Decision-Making Capacity: Results of Data Analysis and Interviews Examining Needs and Characteristics of Persons with Impaired Decision-Making Capacity in Maine

This document: Reviews the prevalence of impaired decision-making capacity among adults and older adults receiving publicly funded home care services and supports in Maine, the characteristics of this population group, and the caregivers caring for persons with impaired decision-making capacity. Reports on interviews with providers describing their ideas for helping people with impaired decisionmaking capacity live in the community longer. Reviews the legal status of persons receiving long term services and supports in Maine, including the presence of a guardian or a Power of Attorney, among those with impaired decision-making capacity across settings. Reports on interviews with providers, describing kinds of issues they encounter as they serve persons with impaired or deteriorating decision-making capacity

Results of the Maine Experience Survey: Adults With Physical Disabilities Consumer Directed Waiver

As a part of the grant activities of the Real Choice Systems Change grant from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid (CMS), the need for a survey of consumers on the Consumer Directed Physically Disabled Waiver (also called the Consumer Directed or CD Waiver) was identified. This report provides the results of the in-home survey that was conducted by the Muskie School. The CD Waiver serves people age eighteen and older with severe physical disabilities that meet nursing facility level of care, are their own guardian and have the ability and desire to self-direct the personal care services they receive in their home. The waiver is an alternative option to institutional care and consumers choosing community-based care are informed of the risks and limits to the care available in the community benefit. Unlike nursing facilities, twenty-four hour a day care is not available within the program limits. The results of the survey identified some areas of focus and opportunities for increased training

Pharmacodynamic modelling of in vitro activity of tetracycline against a representative, naturally occurring population of porcine Escherichia coli

Background The complex relationship between drug concentrations and bacterial growth rates require not only the minimum inhibitory concentration but also other parameters to capture the dynamic nature of the relationship. To analyse this relationship between tetracycline concentration and growth of Escherichia coli representative of those found in the Danish pig population, we compared the growth of 50 randomly selected strains. The observed net growth rates were used to describe the in vitro pharmacodynamic relationship between drug concentration and net growth rate based on E max model with three parameters: maximum net growth rate (α max ); concentration for a half-maximal response (E max ); and the Hill coefficient (γ). Results The net growth rate in the absence of antibiotic did not differ between susceptible and resistant isolates (P = 0.97). The net growth rate decreased with increasing tetracycline concentrations, and this decline was greater in susceptible strains than resistant strains. The lag phase, defined as the time needed for the strain to reach an OD 600 value of 0.01, increased exponentially with increasing tetracycline concentration. The pharmacodynamic parameters confirmed that the αmax between susceptible and resistant strains in the absence of a drug was not different. EC 50 increased linearly with MIC on a log–log scale, and γ was different between susceptible and resistant strains. Conclusions The in vitro model parameters described the inhibition effect of tetracycline on E. coli when strains were exposed to a wide range of tetracycline concentrations. These parameters, along with in vivo pharmacokinetic data, may be useful in mathematical models to predict in vivo competitive growth of many different strains and for development of optimal dosing regimens for preventing selection of resistance