Recuperacions de Motacillidae i Turdidae (Aves : Passeriformes) a Castelló (est d’Espanya)

L’estudi de la migració de les aus es pot dur a terme des de diferents aproximacions. Una de les mésfructíferes és el marcatge amb anelles, que consisteix a capturar les aus per prendre’ls una sèrie dedades biomètriques i de condició corporal i marcar els exemplars abans d’alliberar-los, de manera quecas de tornar-los a capturar aporten informació sobre els seus moviments.L’anàlisi d’aquestes dades permet definir l’origen de les poblacions d’aus migrants, conèixer si existeixendiferències en la migració entre classes d’edat o sexe, estimar la velocitat de vol i altres dades d’interès.El present treball analitza les recuperacions de vuit espècies d’aus passeriformes a la província deCastelló: cuetet, cueta blanca, pit-blau, cul-roig, cul-roig real, merla comuna, tord comú i tord ala-roig.La principal font de dades és la caça, seguida de l’activitat científica del marcatge d’aus. Per zones, ellitoral i els illots Columbrets aglutinen el màxim nombre de recuperacions. Per a cada espècie s’analitzal’àrea d’origen de les poblacions nidificants i migrants, s’estudien diferències per edat i sexe i s’aportendades de velocitat de vol, longevitat i fenologia.En este article s’analitzen per primera vegada alguns detalls de la migració de les espècies esmentadesmillorant el coneixement general de què es disposa sobre les poblacions migrants d’aquestes espèciesa la provincia de Castelló.Recoveries of Motacillidae and Turdidae (Aves : Passeriformes) in Castellón (eastern Spain)Bird migration can be studied using differet methods. One of the most successful approaches is birdringing. This method consists in catching birds to mark and to study them taking a series of biometricaland body condition data. After release, if the bird is catched again, the ring provides importantinformation of their movements.The analysis of these data leads us to know the origin of the populations of migratory birds, and thedifferences in migration timing between age and sex classes, or to estimate the flying speed and otherinteresting aspects. In this paper we analyze the recoveries of eight passerine bird species in Castellónprovince: Yellow Wagtail, White Wagtail, Bluethroat, Black Redstart, Common Redstart, Blackbird,Song Thrush and Redwing.The main source of recoveries is hunting activity, followed by ringing related to scientific activity. Thehighest numbers of recoveries come from coastal areas and the Columbretes islands. For each specieswe provide information about area of origin of the breeding and the migrant populations, age andgender differences, flight speed, longevity and phenology.This paper analyzes and discussess for the first time some details of the migration of the speciesmentioned above, improving the general knowledge that we have about the migranting populations ofthese species in Castellón

El reto de la inclusión de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible en la formación inicial de profesores de secundaria: creación del MOOC curso cero sobre educación y ODS, inclusión en asignaturas y en trabajos fin de máster

Memoria ID-041. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2021-2022

Constant Effort Ringing Sites in the Plana de Castellón (E of the Iberian Peninsula). Characteristics and composition of the ornithofauna

En aquest treball es documenten les característiques de cinc estacions d'anellament situades a la Plana de Castelló (E de la península Ibèrica) i es descriuen els patrons de riquesa, abundància i dominància i s'aporta informació de la migratologia d'algunes aus passeriformes. Es van realitzar un total de 5.557 captures en 2 anys de seguiment, amb un percentatge de recaptures del 21,5 %. Es van obtenir captures d'un total de 68 espècies. El grup millor representat va ser el dels passeriformes transsaharians, amb gairebé el 75% del total de les espècies transaharianes que transiten regularment per la Plana de Castelló. El període amb majors captures va ser el pas postnupcial (agost-novembre) i els mínims anuals es van obtenir durant el pas prenupcial (març-maig). En general, l'estacionalitat va ser alta en totes les EEC amb diferències notables entre els períodes de captures màximes i mínimes que va superar el 30% en dos EEC. Els mesos amb major riquesa van ser octubre i setembre, i els de menor riquesa febrer i juny. El major percentatge d'espècies per cada 100 anellaments es va aconseguir a l'abril i el menor a l'octubre. La parella d'espècies més abundant va ser Acrocephalus scirpaceus - Phylloscopus collybita, que va aconseguir el 43% de les captures, indicant una alta dominància. Les taxes de recaptura de Cettia cetti, Erithacus rubecula i Acrocephalus melanopogon va superar el 50 %, en canvi, va ser molt baixa o nul·la entre les espècies exclusivament migrants. En totes les EEC el període amb majors captures va ser el pas postnupcial, però va haver-hi diferències en el repartiment de captures en els altres períodes, sent la hivernada el segon en importància en alguns casos i el període de cria o el pas prenupcial en uns altres. Aquest treball pot suposar un suport per a l'inici de seguiments de les poblacions d'ocells a la Plana de Castelló o en altres zones similars en indicar espècies objectiu o zones i dates adequades per a les captures.This work documents the characteristics of five ringing stations located in the Plana de Castellón (eastern Iberian Peninsula) and describes the patterns of richness, abundance, and dominance. Additionally, information is provided on some passerine migration patterns. A total of 5,557 captures took place in 2 years of monitoring, with a recapture rate of 21.5%. Captures of a total of 68 species were obtained. The best represented group was that of trans-Saharan passerines, which accounted for almost 75% of the total number of trans-Saharan species that regularly transit through the Plana de Castellón. The period with the highest number of captures was the post-breeding migration period (August-November), while the annual minimums were obtained during the pre-breeding migration (March-May). The months with the highest number of species captured were October and September, while the lowest numbers were recorded in February and June. The highest percentage of species-per 100 ringings was achieved in April and the lowest in October. The most abundant species pair was Acrocephalus scirpaceus - Phylloscopus collybita, which accounted for almost 43% of the total captures, indicating high dominance. Recapture rates exceeded 50% in Cettia cetti, Erithacus rubecula, and Acrocephalus melanopogon and were very low or nonexistent for pure migrants. In all CES, the period with the highest captures was the post-breeding migration period, but there were differences in the distribution of captures in other periods, with the wintering period being second in importance in some cases and the breeding period or pre-breeding migration in others. This work may provide support for the start of bird population monitoring in the Plana de Castellón or in similar areas by indicating target species or suitable areas and dates for captures

Innovaciones y mejorías en el proyecto Tutoría entre compañeros. Curso 2014-2015

Memoria ID-0160. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2014-2015

Risk of COVID-19 after natural infection or vaccinationResearch in context

Background: While vaccines have established utility against COVID-19, phase 3 efficacy studies have generally not comprehensively evaluated protection provided by previous infection or hybrid immunity (previous infection plus vaccination). Individual patient data from US government-supported harmonized vaccine trials provide an unprecedented sample population to address this issue. We characterized the protective efficacy of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and hybrid immunity against COVID-19 early in the pandemic over three-to six-month follow-up and compared with vaccine-associated protection. Methods: In this post-hoc cross-protocol analysis of the Moderna, AstraZeneca, Janssen, and Novavax COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials, we allocated participants into four groups based on previous-infection status at enrolment and treatment: no previous infection/placebo; previous infection/placebo; no previous infection/vaccine; and previous infection/vaccine. The main outcome was RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 >7–15 days (per original protocols) after final study injection. We calculated crude and adjusted efficacy measures. Findings: Previous infection/placebo participants had a 92% decreased risk of future COVID-19 compared to no previous infection/placebo participants (overall hazard ratio [HR] ratio: 0.08; 95% CI: 0.05–0.13). Among single-dose Janssen participants, hybrid immunity conferred greater protection than vaccine alone (HR: 0.03; 95% CI: 0.01–0.10). Too few infections were observed to draw statistical inferences comparing hybrid immunity to vaccine alone for other trials. Vaccination, previous infection, and hybrid immunity all provided near-complete protection against severe disease. Interpretation: Previous infection, any hybrid immunity, and two-dose vaccination all provided substantial protection against symptomatic and severe COVID-19 through the early Delta period. Thus, as a surrogate for natural infection, vaccination remains the safest approach to protection. Funding: National Institutes of Health

Risk of COVID-19 after natural infection or vaccinationResearch in context

Summary: Background: While vaccines have established utility against COVID-19, phase 3 efficacy studies have generally not comprehensively evaluated protection provided by previous infection or hybrid immunity (previous infection plus vaccination). Individual patient data from US government-supported harmonized vaccine trials provide an unprecedented sample population to address this issue. We characterized the protective efficacy of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and hybrid immunity against COVID-19 early in the pandemic over three-to six-month follow-up and compared with vaccine-associated protection. Methods: In this post-hoc cross-protocol analysis of the Moderna, AstraZeneca, Janssen, and Novavax COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials, we allocated participants into four groups based on previous-infection status at enrolment and treatment: no previous infection/placebo; previous infection/placebo; no previous infection/vaccine; and previous infection/vaccine. The main outcome was RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 >7–15 days (per original protocols) after final study injection. We calculated crude and adjusted efficacy measures. Findings: Previous infection/placebo participants had a 92% decreased risk of future COVID-19 compared to no previous infection/placebo participants (overall hazard ratio [HR] ratio: 0.08; 95% CI: 0.05–0.13). Among single-dose Janssen participants, hybrid immunity conferred greater protection than vaccine alone (HR: 0.03; 95% CI: 0.01–0.10). Too few infections were observed to draw statistical inferences comparing hybrid immunity to vaccine alone for other trials. Vaccination, previous infection, and hybrid immunity all provided near-complete protection against severe disease. Interpretation: Previous infection, any hybrid immunity, and two-dose vaccination all provided substantial protection against symptomatic and severe COVID-19 through the early Delta period. Thus, as a surrogate for natural infection, vaccination remains the safest approach to protection. Funding: National Institutes of Health