Fully-automated production of [68Ga]Ga-PentixaFor on the module Modular Lab-PharmTracer

BACKGROUND: PentixaFor is a promising radiopharmaceutical for positron emission tomography in the detection of different tumor entities and other diseases. Until now, the synthesis of [68Ga]Ga-PentixaFor was reported for the automated synthesis module from Scintomics® only. Our aim was to evaluate the automated synthesis of this radiopharmaceutical on a different module in order to make it available for a broader community. RESULTS: The synthesis of [68Ga]Ga-PentixaFor with different amounts of PentixaFor (50 μg, 30 μg and 20 μg) on the Modular Lab PharmTracer (MLPT) from Eckert & Ziegler with the already established synthesis template for [68Ga]Ga-DOTATOC yielded best results with 50 μg PentixaFor for clinical multi-dose application. All different quality control parameters tested (e.g. sterility, stability and radiochemical purity) were in accordance with the European Pharmacopoeia. CONCLUSIONS: [68Ga]Ga-PentixaFor was successfully synthesized fully-automated on the synthesis module Modular Lab PharmTracer and can be used for multi-dose application in clinical settings

Stability of hyperbolic space under Ricci flow

We study the Ricci flow of initial metrics which are C^0-perturbations of the hyperbolic metric on H^n. If the perturbation is bounded in the L^2-sense, and small enough in the C^0-sense, then we show the following: In dimensions four and higher, the scaled Ricci harmonic map heat flow of such a metric converges smoothly, uniformly and exponentially fast in all C^k-norms and in the L^2-norm to the hyperbolic metric as time approaches infinity. We also prove a related result for the Ricci flow and for the two-dimensional conformal Ricci flow.Comment: 18 page

Exciton coupling induces vibronic hyperchromism in light-harvesting complexes

The recently suggested possibility that weak vibronic transitions can be excitonically enhanced in light-harvesting complexes is studied in detail. A vibronic exciton dimer model which includes ground state vibrations is investigated using multi-configuration time-dependent Hartree method with a parameter set typical to photosynthetic light-harvesting complexes. Absorption spectra are discussed in dependence on the Coulomb coupling, the detuning of site energies, and the number of vibrational mode. Calculations of the fluorescence spectra show that the spectral densities obtained from the low temperature fluorescence line narrowing measurements of light-harvesting systems need to be corrected for the exciton effects. For the J-aggregate configuration, as in most of the light-harvesting complexes, the true spectral density has larger amplitude than what is obtained from the measurement.Comment: revised version (minor

Multi-Layer Multi-Configuration Time-Dependent Hartree (ML-MCTDH) Approach to the Correlated Exciton-Vibrational Dynamics in the FMO Complex

The coupled quantum dynamics of excitonic and vibrational degrees of freedom is investigated for high-dimensional models of the Fenna-Matthews-Olson (FMO) complex. This includes a seven and an eight-site model with 518 and 592 harmonic vibrational modes, respectively. The coupling between local electronic transitions and vibrations is described within the Huang-Rhys model using parameters that are obtained by discretization of an experimental spectral density. Different pathways of excitation energy flow are analyzed in terms of the reduced one-exciton density matrix, focussing on the role of vibrational and vibronic excitation. Distinct features due to both competing time scales of vibrational and exciton motion and vibronically-assisted transfer are observed. The question of the effect of initial state preparation is addressed by comparing the case of an instantaneous Franck-Condon excitation at a single site with that of a laser field excitation.Comment: revised versio

The Effect of Site-Specific Spectral Densities on the High-Dimensional Exciton-Vibrational Dynamics in the FMO Complex

The coupled exciton-vibrational dynamics of a three-site model of the FMO complex is investigated using the Multi-layer Multi-configuration Time-dependent Hartree (ML-MCTDH) approach. Emphasis is put on the effect of the spectral density on the exciton state populations as well as on the vibrational and vibronic non-equilibrium excitations. Models which use either a single or site-specific spectral densities are contrasted to a spectral density adapted from experiment. For the transfer efficiency, the total integrated Huang-Rhys factor is found to be more important than details of the spectral distributions. However, the latter are relevant for the obtained non-equilibrium vibrational and vibronic distributions and thus influence the actual pattern of population relaxation.Comment: revised versio

Real-time determination of laser beam quality by modal decomposition

We present a real-time method to determine the beam propagation ratio M2 of laser beams. The all-optical measurement of modal amplitudes yields M2 parameters conform to the ISO standard method. The experimental technique is simple and fast, which allows to investigate laser beams under conditions inaccessible to other methods.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, published in Optics Expres

European goods market integration in the very long run: from the Black Death to the First World War

The paper examines price convergence and increases in the efficiency of wheat markets across Europe from the mid-fourteenth to the early twentieth century. The analysis is based on a new data set of prices from more than 500 markets. Unlike previous research, we find that convergence was a predominantly pre-modern phenomenon. It started in the late fifteenth and reached a first high point in the early seventeenth century - a level of integration that was surpassed only in the nineteenth century. In terms of market integration, the ‘little divergence’ between parts of North-Western Europe and the rest of the continent appears since about 1600. Long-term improvements in market efficiency began in the early sixteenth century, with advances being temporarily as uneven as in price convergence. We trace this to uneven institutional change and the non-synchronous spread of modern media and systems of information transmission that affected the ability of merchants to react to news

European goods market integration in the very long run: from the Black Death to the First World War

The paper examines price convergence and increases in the efficiency of wheat markets across Europe from the mid-fourteenth to the early twentieth century. The analysis is based on a new data set of prices from more than 500 markets. Unlike previous research, we find that convergence was a predominantly pre-modern phenomenon. It started in the late fifteenth and reached a first high point in the early seventeenth century - a level of integration that was surpassed only in the nineteenth century. In terms of market integration, the ‘little divergence’ between parts of North-Western Europe and the rest of the continent appears since about 1600. Long-term improvements in market efficiency began in the early sixteenth century, with advances being temporarily as uneven as in price convergence. We trace this to uneven institutional change and the non-synchronous spread of modern media and systems of information transmission that affected the ability of merchants to react to news