71 research outputs found
Toward realistic simulations of magneto-thermal winds from weakly-ionized protoplanetary disks
Protoplanetary disks (PPDs) accrete onto their central T Tauri star via
magnetic stresses. When the effect of ambipolar diffusion (AD) is included, and
in the presence of a vertical magnetic field, the disk remains laminar between
1-5 au, and a magnetocentrifugal disk wind forms that provides an important
mechanism for removing angular momentum. We present global MHD simulations of
PPDs that include Ohmic resistivity and AD, where the time-dependent gas-phase
electron and ion fractions are computed under FUV and X-ray ionization with a
simplified recombination chemistry. To investigate whether the mass loading of
the wind is potentially affected by the limited vertical extent of our existing
simulations, we attempt to develop a model of a realistic disk atmosphere. To
this end, by accounting for stellar irradiation and diffuse reprocessing of
radiation, we aim at improving our models towards more realistic thermodynamic
properties.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures, ASTRONUM-2016 proceeding
Toward a hybrid dynamo model for the Milky Way
(Abridged) Based on the rapidly increasing all-sky data of Faraday rotation
measures and polarised synchrotron radiation, the Milky Way's magnetic field is
now modelled with an unprecedented level of detail and complexity. We aim to
complement this heuristic approach with a physically motivated, quantitative
Galactic dynamo model -- a model that moreover allows for the evolution of the
system as a whole, instead of just solving the induction equation for a fixed
static disc. Building on the framework of mean-field magnetohydrodynamics and
extending it to the realm of a hybrid evolution, we perform three-dimensional
global simulations of the Galactic disc. Closure coefficients embodying the
mean-field dynamo are calibrated against resolved box simulations of
supernova-driven interstellar turbulence. The emerging dynamo solutions
comprise a mixture of the dominant axisymmetric S0 mode, with even parity, and
a subdominant A0 mode, with odd parity. Notably, such a superposition of modes
creates a strong localised vertical field on one side of the Galactic disc. We
moreover find significant radial pitch angles, which decay with radius --
explained by flaring of the disc. In accordance with previous work, magnetic
instabilities appear to be restricted to the less-stirred outer Galactic disc.
Their main effect is to create strong fields at large radii such that the
radial scale length of the magnetic field increases from 4 kpc (for the case of
a mean-field dynamo alone) to about 10 kpc in the hybrid models. There remain
aspects (e.g., spiral arms, X-shaped halo fields, fluctuating fields) that are
not captured by the current model and that will require further development
towards a fully dynamical evolution. Nevertheless, the work presented
demonstrates that a hybrid modelling of the Galactic dynamo is feasible and can
serve as a foundation for future efforts.Comment: 12 pages, 12 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in A&
Do magnetic fields influence gas rotation in galaxies?
We aim to estimate the contribution of the radial component of the Lorentz
force to the gas rotation in several types of galaxies. Using typical
parameters for the exponential scale of synchrotron emission and the scale
length of HI gas, under the assumption of equipartition between the energies of
cosmic rays and total magnetic fields, we derive the Lorentz force and compare
it to the gravitational force in the radial component of the momentum equation.
We distinguish the different contributions between the large-scale and the
small-scale turbulent fields by Reynolds averaging. We compare these findings
with a dynamical dynamo model. We find a possible reduction of circular gas
velocity in the very outer parts and an increase inside a radius of four times
the synchrotron scale length. Sufficiently localized radial reversals of the
magnetic field may cause characteristic modulations in the gas rotation curve
with typical amplitudes of 10-20 km/s. It is unlikely that the magnetic field
contributes to the flat rotation in the outer parts of galaxies. If anything,
it will \emph{impede} the gravitationally supported rotation, demanding for an
even higher halo mass to explain the observed rotation profile. We speculate
that this may have consequences for ram pressure stripping and the truncation
of the stellar disc
Supernova-driven Turbulence and Magnetic Field Amplification in Disk Galaxies
Supernovae are known to be the dominant energy source for driving turbulence
in the interstellar medium. Yet, their effect on magnetic field amplification
in spiral galaxies is still poorly understood. Analytical models based on the
uncorrelated-ensemble approach predicted that any created field will be
expelled from the disk before a significant amplification can occur. By means
of direct simulations of supernova-driven turbulence, we demonstrate that this
is not the case. Accounting for vertical stratification and galactic
differential rotation, we find an exponential amplification of the mean field
on timescales of 100Myr. The self-consistent numerical verification of such a
"fast dynamo" is highly beneficial in explaining the observed strong magnetic
fields in young galaxies. We, furthermore, highlight the importance of rotation
in the generation of helicity by showing that a similar mechanism based on
Cartesian shear does not lead to a sustained amplification of the mean magnetic
field. This finding impressively confirms the classical picture of a dynamo
based on cyclonic turbulence.Comment: 99 pages, 46 figures (in part strongly degraded), 8 tables, PhD
thesis, University of Potsdam (2009). Resolve URN
"urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-29094" (e.g. via
http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-29094) for a version with
high-resolution figure
Orbital Evolution of Moons in Weakly Accreting Circumplanetary Disks
We investigate the formation of hot and massive circumplanetary disks (CPDs)
and the orbital evolution of satellites formed in these disks. Because of the
comparatively small size-scale of the sub-disk, quick magnetic diffusion
prevents the magnetorotational instability (MRI) from being well-developed at
ionization levels that would allow MRI in the parent protoplanetary disk. In
the absence of significant angular momentum transport, continuous mass supply
from the parental protoplanetary disk leads to the formation of a massive CPD.
We have developed an evolutionary model for this scenario and have estimated
the orbital evolution of satellites within the disk. We find, in a certain
temperature range, that inward migration of a satellite can be stopped by a
change in the structure due to the opacity transitions. Moreover, by capturing
second and third migrating satellites in mean motion resonances, a compact
system in Laplace resonance can be formed in our disk models.Comment: 10 pages, 9 figure
Recommended from our members
Alpha tensor and dynamo excitation in turbulent fluids with anisotropic conductivity fluctuations
A mean-field theory of the electrodynamics of a turbulent fluid is formulated under the assumption that the molecular electric conductivity is correlated with the turbulent velocity fluctuation in the (radial) direction, (Formula presented.). It is shown that for such homogeneous fluids a strong turbulence-induced field advection anti-parallel to (Formula presented.) arises almost independently of rotation. For rotating fluids, an extra (Formula presented.) effect appears with the known symmetries and with the expected maximum at the poles. Fast rotation, however, with Coriolis number exceeding unity suppresses this term. Numerical simulations of forced turbulence using the nirvana code demonstrate that the radial advection velocity, (Formula presented.), always dominates the (Formula presented.) term. We show finally with simplified models that (Formula presented.) dynamos are strongly influenced by the radial pumping: for (Formula presented.) the solutions become oscillatory, while for (Formula presented.) they become highly exotic if they exist at all. In conclusion, dynamo models for slow and fast solid-body rotation on the basis of finite conductivity–velocity correlations are unlikely to work, at least for (Formula presented.) dynamos without strong shear
Alpha tensor and dynamo excitation in turbulent fluids with anisotropic conductivity fluctuations
A mean-field theory of the electrodynamics of a turbulent fluid is formulated
under the assumption that the molecular electric conductivity is correlated
with the turbulent velocity fluctuation in the (radial) direction,
. It is shown that for such homogeneous fluids a strong
turbulence-induced field advection anti-parallel to arises almost
independently of rotation. For rotating fluids, an extra effect
appears with the known symmetries and with the expected maximum at the poles.
Fast rotation, however, with Coriolis number exceeding unity suppresses this
term. Numerical simulations of forced turbulence using the NIRVANA code
demonstrate that the radial advection velocity, , always dominates the
term. We show finally with simplified models that dynamos
are strongly influenced by the radial pumping: for the
solutions become oscillatory, while for they become highly
exotic if they exist at all. In conclusion, dynamo models for slow and fast
solid-body rotation on the basis of finite conductivity-velocity correlations
are unlikely to work, at least for dynamos without strong
shear.Comment: 10 pages, 8 figures, to be published in A
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