Scale Of Strategies And Motivation For Learning In Virtual Environments

This study aimed to build and to gather evidence of validity for a scale of teaching, learning and motivational strategies for learning in online learning environments (EEAM-AVA). To investigate evidence for the validity of the scale, the internal structure and dimensions that emerged during this study were considered. Participating in the survey were 572 students enrolled on courses in mediated virtual learning environments. The research instrument was built using a scale of forty five items. The analysis of the data collected showed a structure of five dimensions, all with acceptable levels of inner consistency, indicating the validity of the scale and its psychometric properties. Additional studies to revise and improve the items presented on the scale were recommended. It is hoped that the results may be of benefit for educators and psychologists who research questions investigated in this study.216659361

Individual And Contextual Factors Associated With Malocclusion In Brazilian Children

Objective: To assess the association between the prevalence of malocclusion in Brazilian 12 years-olds with individual and contextual variables. Methods: A cross-sectional, analytical study was conducted with data from the Brazilian Oral Health Survey-SBBrazil 2010. The outcome studied was malocclusion, categorized as absent, set, severe and very severe. The independent variables were classifi ed as individual and contextual. Data were analyzed using a multilevel model with a 5% signifi cance level. Results: It was found that the prevalence of severe and very severe malocclusion in 12-year-olds did not differ between the Brazilian regions, although variation between the cities was signifi cant (p < 0.001). Male children (p = 0.033), those on lower income (p = 0.051), those who had visited a dentist (p = 0.009), with lower levels of satisfaction with mouth and teeth (p < 0.001) and embarrassed to smile (p < 0.001) had more severe malocclusion. The characteristics of the cities also affected the severity of malocclusion; cities with more families on social benefi ts per 1,000 inhabitants, with lower scores on the health care system performance index and lower gross domestic product per capita were signifi cantly associated with malocclusion. Conclusion: Signifi cant associations between the presence and severity of malocclusion were observed at the individual and contextual level.47SUPPL.3118128Ben-Shlomo, Y., Kuh, D., A life course approach to chronic disease epidemiology conceptual models, empirical challenges and interdisciplinary perspectives (2002) Int J Epidemiol., 3 (2), pp. 285-293. , DOI: 10.1093/ije/31.2.285Carvalho, D.M., Alves, J.B., Alves, M.H., Prevalence of malocclusion in schoolchildren with low socioeconomic status (2011) Rev Gaucha Odontol., 59 (1), pp. 71-77Youth risk behavior surveillance-United States, 2005 (2006) MMWR., 55 (5 SS). , Centers for Disease Control and PreventionCons, N.C., Jenny, J., Kohout, F.J., DAI: the dental aesthetic index (1986), Iowa City: College of Dentistry, University of IowaDanaei, S.M., Salehi, P., Association between normative and self-perceived orthodontic treatment need among 12-to 15-year-old students in Shiraz, Iran (2010) Eur J Orthod., 32 (5), pp. 530-534. , DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjp139Dogan, A.A., Sari, E., Uskun, E., Saglam, A.M.S., Comparison of orthodontic treatment need by professionals and parents with different socio-demographic characteristics (2010) Eur J Orthod., 32 (6), pp. 672-676. , DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjp161Hox, J.J., Multilevel analysis: techniques and applications (2002), Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum AssociatesManzanera, D., Montiel-Company, J.M., Almerich-Silla, J.M., Gandía, J.L., Diagnostic agreement in the assessment of orthodontic treatment need using the Dental Aesthetic Index and the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (2010) Eur J Orthod., 32 (2), pp. 193-198. , DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjp084Health through oral health: guidelines for planning and monitoring for oral health care (1989), World Health Organization. LondonLevantamento epidemiológico básico de saúde bucal (1991), Organização Mundial da Saúde. 3. ed. São PauloPeres, K.G., Barros, A.J.D., Anselmi, L., Peres, M.A., Barros, F.C., Does malocclusion infl uence the adolescent's satisfaction with appearance? A cross-sectional study nested in a Brazilian birth cohort (2008) Community Dent Oral Epidemiol., 36 (2), pp. 137-143. , DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.2007.00382.xPeres, K.G., Peres, M.A., Boing, A.F., Bertoldi, A.D., Bastos, J.L., Barros, A.J.D., Redução das desigualdades na utilização de serviços odontológicos no Brasil entre 1998 e 2008 (2012) Rev Saude Publica., 46 (2), pp. 250-259. , DOI: 10.1590/S0034-89102012000200007Pertesen, P.E., The World Oral Health Report, 2003 (2003) Continuous improvement of oral health in the 21 st century-the approach of the WHO Global Oral Health Programe. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol., 31 (SUPPL.1), pp. 3-24Roncalli, A.G., Unfer, B., Costa, I.C.C., Arcieri, R.M., Guimarães, L.O.C., Saliba, N.A., Levantamentos epidemiológicos em saúde bucal: análise da metodologia proposta pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (1998) Rev Bras Epidemiol., 1 (2), pp. 177-189. , DOI: 10.1590/S1415-790X1998000200008Singer, J.D., Using SAS proc mixed to fi t multilevel models, hierarchical models, and individual growth models (1998) J Educ Behav Stat., 24 (4), pp. 323-355Tellez, M., Sohn, W., Burt, B.A., Ismail, A.I., Assessment of the relationship between neighborhood characteristics and dental caries severity among low-income African-Americans: a multilevel approach (2006) J Public Health Dent., 66 (1). , DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-7325.2006.tb02548.xThomaz, E.B.A., Cangussu, M.C.T., Assis, M.O., Maternal breastfeeding, parafunctional oral habits and malocclusion in adolescents: A multivariate analysis (2012) Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol., 76 (4), pp. 500-506. , DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2012.01.005Tomita, N.E., Sheiham, A., Bijella, V.T., Franco, L.J., Relação entre determinantes socioeconômicos e hábitos bucais de risco para más-oclusões em préescolares (2000) Pesq Odont Bras., 14 (2), pp. 169-175. , DOI: 10.1590/S1517-74912000000200013Xiao-Ting, L., Tang, Y., Huang, X.L., Wan, H., Chen, Y.X., Factors infl uencing subjective orthodontic treatment need and culture-related differences among Chinese natives and foreign inhabitants (2010) Int J Oral Sci., 2 (3), pp. 149-157. , DOI: 10.4248/IJOS10050Watt, R.G., Emerging theories into the social determinants of health: implications for health promotion (2002) Community Dent Oral Epidemiol., 30 (4), pp. 241-247. , DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0528.2002.300401.xZanini, R.R., Moraes, A.B., Giugliani, E.R.J., Riboldi, J., Determinantes contextuais da mortalidade neonatal no Rio Grande do Sul por dois modelos de análise (2011) Rev Saude Publica., 45 (1), pp. 79-89. , DOI: 10.1590/S0034-8910201100010000

A JWST survey for planetary mass brown dwarfs in IC 348*

We have obtained images of the center of the star-forming cluster IC 348 with the James Webb Space Telescope and have identified brown dwarf candidates based on their photometry and point-like flux profiles. Low-resolution spectroscopy has been performed on four promising candidates, three of which have molecular absorption bands that indicate late spectral types. Among those late-type objects, the brightest is similar to known young L dwarfs while the other two show the so-called 3.4 μm feature that has been previously observed in the diffuse interstellar medium and in the atmospheres of Saturn and Titan, which has been attributed to an unidentified aliphatic hydrocarbon. Those two objects also exhibit features between 1.1 and 2.6 μm that we identify as the overtone and combination bands for that hydrocarbon. After accounting for the hydrocarbon bands, the remaining spectral features are consistent with youth and inconsistent with field dwarfs. Based on the low extinctions of those objects and the strengths of the overtone and combination bands, we conclude that the hydrocarbon resides in their atmospheres rather than in foreground material. Thus, our detections of the 3.4 μm feature are the first in atmospheres outside of the solar system. The presence of this hydrocarbon is not predicted by any atmospheric models of young brown dwarfs. Based on its luminosity and evolutionary models, the faintest new member of IC 348 has an estimated mass of 3–4 MJup, making it a strong contender for the least massive free-floating brown dwarf that has been directly imaged to date

Tidal Dwarf Galaxies at Intermediate Redshifts

We present the first attempt at measuring the production rate of tidal dwarf galaxies (TDGs) and estimating their contribution to the overall dwarf population. Using HST/ACS deep imaging data from GOODS and GEMS surveys in conjunction with photometric redshifts from COMBO-17 survey, we performed a morphological analysis for a sample of merging/interacting galaxies in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South and identified tidal dwarf candidates in the rest-frame optical bands. We estimated a production rate about 1.4 {\times} 10^{-5} per Gyr per comoving volume for long-lived TDGs with stellar mass 3 {\times} 10^{8-9} solar mass at 0.5<z<1.1. Together with galaxy merger rates and TDG survival rate from the literature, our results suggest that only a marginal fraction (less than 10%) of dwarf galaxies in the local universe could be tidally-originated. TDGs in our sample are on average bluer than their host galaxies in the optical. Stellar population modelling of optical to near-infrared spectral energy distributions (SEDs) for two TDGs favors a burst component with age 400/200 Myr and stellar mass 40%/26% of the total, indicating that a young stellar population newly formed in TDGs. This is consistent with the episodic star formation histories found for nearby TDGs.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures, Accepted for publication in Astrophysics & Space Scienc