Avaliação da ação antioxidante e citotoxicológica do extrato etanólico de Hamelia patens Jacq. em células NIH 3T3

Hamelia patens Jacq (H. patens), a species of medicinal plant belonging to the Rubiaceae family, is known for its easy growth in different types of soil, its healing properties for many pathologies, from exposed wounds to tumors and diabetes. It is a very versatile plant, used for different purposes, many tests have already been carried out proving its effectiveness in important treatments, using all its parts, such as root, leaves and flower. The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant capacity and cytotoxic effects of H. patens ethanolic extract on NIH/3T3 cells. The analysis of the plant's phytochemical compounds was carried out using HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography). Cell viability was assessed by the MTT assay. Cell proliferation was performed using the crystal violet method. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using the free radical scavenging method (DPPH). The ultraviolet spectra obtained by HPLC showed characteristics of flavonoids. Cell viability was significantly reduced in cells treated with ethanolic extract of H. patens (EEHP) at concentrations of 100 µg/mL, 500 µg/mL and 1000 µg/mL. Cell proliferation demonstrated a significant increase in cells treated with 10 µg/mL. Our results demonstrate that EEHP has flavonic compounds, low cytotoxicity at concentrations of 10 µg/mL and 50 µg/mL, and a significant proliferative power, which suggests it has healing properties and antioxidant power. Furthermore, our results contribute to the search for new therapeutic targets and future studies related to this species.Hamelia patens Jacq (H. patens), planta medicinal perteneciente a la familia de las Rubiáceas, es conocida por su fácil crecimiento en diferentes tipos de suelo, sus propiedades curativas para muchas patologías, desde heridas abiertas hasta tumores y diabetes. Al tratarse de una planta muy versátil, utilizada para diversos fines, se han realizado numerosas pruebas que demuestran su eficacia en importantes tratamientos, utilizando todas sus partes, como la raíz, las hojas y la flor. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la capacidad antioxidante in vitro y los efectos citotóxicos del extracto etanólico de H. patens en células NIH/3T3. Los compuestos fitoquímicos de la planta se analizaron mediante HPLC (cromatografía líquida de alta resolución). La viabilidad celular se evaluó mediante el ensayo MTT. La proliferación celular se analizó mediante el método del cristal violeta. La actividad antioxidante se evaluó mediante el método de eliminación de radicales libres (DPPH). Los espectros ultravioleta obtenidos por CLAE mostraron características flavonoides. La viabilidad celular se redujo significativamente en las células tratadas con extracto etanólico de H. patens (EEHP) a concentraciones de 100 µg/mL, 500 µg/mL y 1000 µg/mL. La proliferación celular mostró un aumento significativo en las células tratadas con 10 µg/mL. Nuestros resultados muestran que la EEHP posee compuestos flavónicos, baja citotoxicidad a concentraciones de 10 µg/mL y 50 µg/mL, y un significativo poder proliferativo, lo que sugiere que posee propiedades curativas y poder antioxidante. Además, nuestros resultados contribuyen a la búsqueda de nuevas dianas terapéuticas y a futuros estudios relacionados con esta especie.A Hamelia patens Jacq (H. patens), espécie de planta medicinal pertencente à família Rubiaceae, é conhecida pelo seu crescimento fácil em diversos tipos de solos, suas propriedades curativas para muitas patologias, desde feridas expostas até tumores e diabetes. Por ser uma planta muito versátil, utilizada para diversos fins, já foram realizados muitos testes comprovando sua eficácia em tratamentos importantes, utilizando todas as suas partes, como raiz, folhas e flor. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a capacidade antioxidante in vitro e os efeitos citotóxicos do extrato etanólico de H. patens em células NIH/3T3. A análise dos compostos fitoquímicos da planta foi realizada por CLAE (Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Performance). A viabilidade celular foi avaliada pelo ensaio de MTT. A proliferação celular foi realizada com o método de cristal violeta. A atividade antioxidante foi avaliada pelo método de sequestro de radicais livres (DPPH). Os espectros de ultravioleta obtidos por CLAE apresentaram características de flavonoides. A viabilidade celular reduziu significativamente em células tratadas com extrato etanólico de H. patens (EEHP) na concentração de 100 µg/mL, 500 µg/mL e 1000 µg/mL. A proliferação celular demonstrou um aumento significativo em células tratadas com 10 µg/mL. Nossos resultados demonstram que o EEHP possui compostos flavônicos, baixa citotoxicidade nas concentrações de 10 µg/mL e 50 µg/mL, e um significativo poder proliferativo, o que sugere ter propriedades cicatrizantes e poder antioxidante. Além disso, nossos resultados contribuem para a pesquisa de novos alvos terapêuticos, e estudos futuros relacionados a esta espécie

Interação da Serotonina (5-hidroxitriptamina - 5-HT) na Doença Diverticulite

Introduction: The gastrointestinal tract is involved by a complex system that has paramount importance in daily intestinal homeostasis. The intestine is responsible for the production of serotonin and a low and/or high concentration of this hormone may be the cause of diverticulitis. Objective: To show the hypothesis of serotonin in diverticulitis disease. Methodology: Bibliographic research was carried out to construct this integrative review in the MEDLINE/PubMed (via the National Library of Medicine), ScienceDirect (Elsevier), SCOPUS (Elsevier) and SciELO.ORG databases and Google Scholar. Result: 88 articles were found following the research methods, none of the articles were excluded, then they were divided among the authors, read by complete, remaining 7 for construction of the research, being presented in the table with the main hypothesis of the authors. Conclusion: Due to the lack of research and the delimitations of studies relating serotonin and gastrointestinal diseases, this article showed that it is essential to develop more studies to demonstrate the real relationship of the emergence of this pathology with hormone which as a hypothesis of 5-hydroxytryptamine in the inflammation of diverticulitis.Introdução: O trato gastrointestinal é envolvido por um complexo sistema que tem suma importância no cotidiano na homeostasia intestinal. O intestino é responsável pela produção da serotonina e a baixa e/ou alta concentração desse hormônio, talvez seja, o causador da doença diverticulite. Objetivo: mostrar a hipótese da serotonina na doença diverticulite. Metodologia: Foi realizado o levantamento bibliográfico para construção dessa revisão integrativa nas bases de dados MEDLINE/PubMed (via National Library of Medicine), ScienceDirect (Elsevier), SCOPUS (Elsevier) e SciELO.ORG e google acadêmico. Resultado: Foram encontrados 88 artigos seguindo os métodos de pesquisa, nenhum dos artigos foram excluídos, então foram divididos entre os autores, lidos por completos, restando 7 para construção das pesquisas, sendo apresentado na tabela com a principal hipótese dos autores. Conclusão: Devido a carência das pesquisas e as delimitações dos estudos relacionando serotonina e as doenças gastrointestinais, esse artigo demonstrou que é fundamental desenvolver mais estudos para evidenciar a real relação do surgimento dessa patologia com hormônio qual como hipótese da 5-hidroxitriptamina na inflamação da diverticulite

Phytochemical and Antinociceptive, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antioxidant Studies of Smilax larvata

The tea of aerial parts of Smilax larvata Griseb. (Smilacaceae) has been ethnopharmacologically used in Southern Brazil due to its anti-inflammatory action. In this study, ethanolic and organic extracts from aerial parts of S. larvata were phytochemically and pharmacologically characterized. The phytochemical analysis of EtOAc extract of S. larvata revealed the presence of three flavonoids, drabanemoroside, kaempferol 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)-α-L-rhamnopyranoside, and kaempferol, the first two being isolated for the first time in this genus, two phenolic compounds p-hydroxybenzoic acid and p-coumaric acid, and alkaloids. In vitro assays demonstrated a potential antioxidant property of SLG. The treatment with SLG induced a significant reduction of the formalin-evoked flinches in rats, an effect reversed by opioid antagonist naloxone. Treatment with SLG also induced a significant increase in the hot plate latency and a decrease of intestinal motility by 45%. No effect was observed over nociceptive responses induced by a TRPA1 agonist mustard oil or over acetic acid-induced writhing in mice. Together, our data suggested that SLG has an in vivo antinociceptive effect, which seems to be associated with the opioid system activation. These findings support previous claims of medical use of Smilax larvata in the treatment of pain conditions

Avaliação da atividade antioxidante, antimicrobiana, toxicológica e larvicida de Psychotria fractistipula L.B. Sm., Klein e Delprete

The objective of this study was to assess the potential antioxidant, antimicrobial, and toxicological properties of crude extracts and fractions obtained from the leaves and stem of Psychotria fractistipula L.B. Sm., Klein & Delprete. The content of phenolic compounds varied significantly between samples (783.70–78.22 GAE mg/g), with the highest concentrations being in the ethyl acetate fraction of the leaves and stem (679.39 and 783.70 GAE mg/g, respectively). The latter yielded also the best IC50 of the DPPH radical, which amounted to 9.48 and 4.75 µg/mL, respectively; whereas other samples ranged up to 156.64 µg/mL. Similarly, phosphomolybdenum activity varied between 90.17% and 16.00%, with the ethyl acetate fractions of the leaves and stem corresponding to 90.17% and 87.37%, respectively. Antimicrobial activity was elevated in the leaves crude extract (Staphylococcus aureus, 62.5 µg/mL), leaves ethyl acetate fraction (S. aureus, 31.25 µg/mL; Enterococcus faecalis, 62.4 µg/mL), and the stem ethyl acetate fraction (S. aureus, 31.25 µg/mL; Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 62.5 µg/mL). Hemolytic activity was high in the chloroform fractions of the leaves (1000 µg/mL) and stem (500 µg/mL). Larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti was observed in the hexane fraction of the stem (LC50, 297.44 µg/mL). The ethyl acetate fractions of the stem and leaves were toxic to Artemia salina, with LC50 values of 277.91 and 933.89 µg/mL, respectively. These results indicate that P. fractistipula may constitute an unexplored source of natural antioxidants and antimicrobials with low toxicity.O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as potenciais propriedades antioxidantes, antimicrobianas e toxicológicas dos extratos brutos e frações obtidos das folhas e caule de Psychotria fractistipula L.B. Sm., Klein & Delprete. O conteúdo de compostos fenólicos variou significativamente entre as amostras (783,70-78,22 GAE mg / g), com as concentrações mais altas na fração acetato de etila das folhas e caule (679,39 e 783,70 GAE mg / g, respectivamente). Essas frações também apresentaram a melhor IC50 frente ao radical DPPH, que totalizaram 9,48 e 4,75 µg/mL, respectivamente; enquanto outras amostras variaram até 156, 64 µg/mL. Da mesma forma, a atividade do fosfomolibdênio variou entre 90,17% e 16,00%, com as frações de acetato de etila das folhas e caule correspondendo a 90,17% e 87,37%, respectivamente. A atividade antimicrobiana foi elevada no extrato bruto de folhas (Staphylococcus aureus, 62,5 µg/mL), na fração de acetato de etila das folhas (S. aureus, 31,25 µg/mL; Enterococcus faecalis, 62,4 µg/mL) e na fração de acetato de etila do caule (S aureus, 31,25 µg/mL; Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 62,5 µg/mL). A atividade hemolítica foi alta nas frações de clorofórmio das folhas (1000 µg/mL) e caule (500 µg/mL). Observou-se atividade larvicida contra Aedes aegypti na fração hexano do caule (CL50, 297,44 µg/mL). As frações de acetato de etila do caule e das folhas foram tóxicas para Artemia salina, com valores de CL50 de 277,91 e 933,89 µg/mL, respectivamente. Esses resultados indicam que P. fractistipula pode constituir uma fonte inexplorada de antioxidantes e antimicrobianos naturais com baixa toxicidade

Analgesic, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antioxidant Activities of Byrsonima duckeana

Background. Byrsonima is a promising neotropical genus, rich in flavonoids and triterpenes, with several proven pharmacological properties. Nevertheless, Byrsonima duckeana W. R. Anderson is an Amazonian species almost not studied. Objective. To assess the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic activities of Byrsonima duckeana leaves. Materials and Methods. We analyzed an ethanol extract and its fractions for polyphenol content and UHPLC-MS/MS, phosphomolybdenum, DPPH, TBARS antioxidant tests, formalin-induced pain, carrageenan-induced peritonitis, acetic acid-induced abdominal writhings, and hot plate assays. Results. All the samples showed high polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity in the phosphomolybdenum, DPPH, and TBARS tests. We identified ethyl gallate, quinic acid, gallic acid, catechin, epicatechin, quercetrin, and quercetin in the samples. B. duckeana was able to reduce leukocyte migration in the carrageenan-induced peritonitis by 43% and the licking time in the formalin test by 57%. In the acetic acid-induced writhing test, the chloroform (FCL) and ethyl acetate (FEA) fractions were the most active samples. FEA was selected for the hot plate test, where all the dosages tested (5, 50, and 200 mg·kg−1) showed significant analgesic activity. Conclusion. B. duckeana has interesting analgesic and antioxidant activities, due to its high phenolic content, especially phenolic acids

Physical-chemical profile and antioxidant activity of the calyx of the species Hibiscus sabdariffa L. from the aqueous and alcoholic extract obtained by infusion and decoction

Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-02T11:07:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) 5.pdf: 462944 bytes, checksum: 373f58c958c2d85ee05dbe74b41221c6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 20Universidade Federal do Paraná. Centro Universitário Campos de Andrade. Paraná, PR, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Paraná. Centro Universitário Campos de Andrade. Paraná, PR, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Paraná. Centro Universitário Campos de Andrade. Paraná, PR, Brasil.O chá vem sendo uma das bebidas mais consumidas por grande parte da população mundial, sendo alvo de diversas pesquisas por suas propriedades terapêuticas. Comercializada pelo nome popular de Hibisco, a droga vegetal Hibiscus sabdariffa L. é uma espécie que tem sido atrativo de diversos pesquisadores em varias áreas. Atualmente, é utilizada como alimento humano, aromatizante, para artesanato e ornamentação. Além disso, por ter em sua composição substâncias com ação antioxidante, sua utilização na área da saúde vem sendo explorada. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o perfil físico-químico do chá de H. sabdariffa L., os teores de polifenóis e flavonoides, e a atividade antioxidante da espécie H. sabdariffa L. a partir do extrato aquoso e alcoólico obtidos por infusão ou decocção. Os resultados demonstram que os parâmetros físicos de qualidade encontram-se dentro dos estabelecidos pela Farmacopeia Brasileira. Diante das amostras analisadas foi possível verificar que todos os extratos apresentaram teor de flavonoides e polifenóis. Entretanto, houve diferenças entre os solventes utilizados, o que já era esperado pela diferença de polaridade entre ambos. Conclui-se que o melhor método de extração por obter a melhor atividade antioxidante e maiores concentrações de polifenóis e flavonoides é o extrato obtido por decocção.Tea has been one of the most consumed beverages for much of the world's population, the target of several studies for its therapeutic properties. Marketed by the popular name of hibiscus plant drug Hibiscus sabdariffa L. is a species that has been attractive to many researchers in various areas. Currently, it is used as food, flavoring, Craft and ornamentation. In addition, having in its composition substances with antioxidant activity, their use in health has been explored. The objective of this study was to determine the physical and chemical profile of H. sabdariffa L. tea, the levels of polyphenols and flavonoids, and antioxidant activity of the species H. sabdariffa L. from the aqueous and alcoholic extract obtained by infusion or decoction. The results demonstrate that the physical quality parameters are within established by the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia. In the face of the samples was verified that all extracts showed flavonoid and polyphenol content. However, there were differences between the solvents used, which was expected by the difference in polarity between them. It is concluded that the best method of extraction to obtain the best antioxidant activity and higher concentrations of polyphenols and flavonoids is the extract from the decoction

Phytochemical screening of the Dicksonia sellowiana leaves and its structures

Abstract Dicksonia sellowiana (Dicksoniaceae) is a tree fern characteristic of the mixed ombrophilous forests of southern Brazil in the Atlantic Forest. Due to its extensive use in the past for making garden pots, this species is at risk of extinction. The objective of this study was to evaluate the phytochemical composition of D. sellowiana leaves and their structures and correlate it with their antioxidant potential. Measurements of moisture content, extraction yield, preliminary phytochemical analysis, chemometric analysis by 1H NMR PCA, UPLC-PDA-MS analysis, total polyphenol content, and antioxidant activity were conducted on the leaves and their structures. The phytochemical composition confirmed the presence of polyphenols, including tannins and flavonoids (derived from kaempferol), with higher concentrations in the pinna and lower in the rachis. The pinnule exhibits high diversity and concentration of phytochemical compounds, which justify its antioxidant activity due to the presence of polyphenols. In conclusion, this study highlights that the pinnae and leaves of D. sellowiana exhibit a similar and more diverse phytochemical composition compared to the other evaluated structures, showing higher concentrations of polyphenols and antioxidant activity. The results reinforce the preservation of the endangered species and its potential as a resource for pharmacological and nutritional phytochemical compounds

Avaliação da atividade antioxidante e antimicrobiana do extrato etanólico bruto e frações orgânicas obtidas a partir da casca do caule da espécie Guettarda uruguensis Cham, & Scthdl, (Rubiaceae)

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial antioxidante e antimicrobiano do extrato bruto e frações obtidas das cascas do caule da espécie Guettarda uruguensis, Os ensaios antioxidantes indicaram alto potencial antioxidante, No ensaio de redução de fosfomolibdênio, a fração acetato de etila apresentou atividade antioxidante de 41,67% em relação ao padrão de ácido ascórbico e superou em 35,21% a atividade do padrão rutina, No ensaio de redução do DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), a fração acetato de etila apresentou um IC50 de 10,91 µg mL-1, valor próximo ao do ácido ascórbico (IC50 = 4,78 µg mL-1) e da rutina (IC50 = 6,62 µg mL-1), Pelo ensaio de TBA (acido tiobabitúrico) o extrato bruto (IA = 71,48%) e a fração hexano (IA = 47,85%) apresentaram índices superiores ao controle de BHT (butil hidroxi tolueno) (IA = 42,66), Através do ensaio de microdiluição em placas, foi observado que o extrato bruto e frações apresentaram atividade antimicrobiana, O estudo fitoquímico qualitativo revelou a presença de alcaloides, cumarinas, esteroides e/ou triterpenos, heterosídeos saponínicos, taninos e aminogrupos

Activation of human neutrophils by dotriacontane from Tynanthus micranthus Corr. Méllo (Bignoniaceae) for the production of superoxide anions

The species Tynanthus micranthus Corr. Méllo, is popularly known as "Cipó Cravo" or "Craveiro", and is usually used as a stimulant and aphrodisiac, and found in the north of the State of Paraná - Brazil. The isolate the alkane dotriacontane from T. micranthus and to verify its action on the activation of human neutrophils to produce superoxide anions by the nitroblue tetrazolium reduction method (NBT), in comparison with the activation obtained by commercial dotriacontane. The ethanolic extract dried leaves was prepared by modified Soxhlet apparatus. Then the ethanolic extract was fractionated with n-hexane to obtain the hexane fraction which was submitted to the chromatographic column to obtain the compound dotriacontane. The substance was identified by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Isolated and commercial dotriacontane were evaluated by the NBT assay for verification of the activation of human neutrophils. The isolated and commercial dotriacontane activated neutrophils (10.0 μg/mL) when compared to phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) (10.0 μg/mL). In the quantitative test commercial dotriacontane induced significant activation when compared to PMA (10.0 μg/mL). The substance dotriacontane, first time identified in the genus Tynanthus. The dotriacontane was shown to be important to confirm the activation of human neutrophils to produce superoxide anions

Phytochemical and Antinociceptive, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antioxidant Studies of Smilax larvata (Smilacaceae)

The tea of aerial parts of Smilax larvata Griseb. (Smilacaceae) has been ethnopharmacologically used in Southern Brazil due to its anti-inflammatory action. In this study, ethanolic and organic extracts from aerial parts of S. larvata were phytochemically and pharmacologically characterized. The phytochemical analysis of EtOAc extract of S. larvata revealed the presence of three flavonoids, drabanemoroside, kaempferol 3-O--L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)--L-rhamnopyranoside, and kaempferol, the first two being isolated for the first time in this genus, two phenolic compounds p-hydroxybenzoic acid and p-coumaric acid, and alkaloids. In vitro assays demonstrated a potential antioxidant property of SLG. The treatment with SLG induced a significant reduction of the formalin-evoked flinches in rats, an effect reversed by opioid antagonist naloxone. Treatment with SLG also induced a significant increase in the hot plate latency and a decrease of intestinal motility by 45%. No effect was observed over nociceptive responses induced by a TRPA1 agonist mustard oil or over acetic acid-induced writhing in mice. Together, our data suggested that SLG has an in vivo antinociceptive effect, which seems to be associated with the opioid system activation. These findings support previous claims of medical use of Smilax larvata in the treatment of pain conditions