Conhecimento dos professores primários de dois Municípios sobre o transtorno de déficit de atenção e hiperatividade/ Primary school teachers' knowledge of two Municipalities about attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Introdução: O transtorno do déficit de atenção com hiperatividade é um transtorno com manifestações como desatenção e hiperatividade, o transtorno tem origem biológica marcada pela hereditariedade, tem seu início na infância e pode permanecer até a idade adulta. Metodologia: Foi uma pesquisa exploratória e transversal, cujo objetivo principal foi conhecer o nível de conhecimento dos professores do município de Ponta Porã, (PP), Brasil e Pedro Juan Caballero, (PJC), Paraguai sobre o TDAH, o As variáveis avaliadas foram preparo durante a formação, professores que já possuíam alunos com TDAH, ambiente de trabalho preparado para lidar com alunos com TDAH, nível de conhecimento dos professores sobre aqueles com TDAH. Para a coleta de dados, informações importantes dos professores, foi utilizado um questionário auto elaborado. Resultados: Foi apresentado o número total de professores, de acordo com a instituição que atua e seu nível de conhecimento sobre o TDAH, onde foi observado que 100% dos professores conhecem o assunto, 95% tiveram contato, fornecido pela escola, o número sobre o assunto na graduação era em torno de 34%, 23% já corresponde a quem teve formação específica em TDAH com um profissional de saúde, seja psiquiatra ou psicólogo. Os professores responderam de forma unânime que é extremamente importante ter um curso sobre o TDAH, mostrando que mesmo já tendo o primeiro contato com o assunto, ainda se sentem inseguros e precisam de treinamentos e cursos. Conclusão: Construir mais conhecimento dos professores primários durante a graduação é essencial para o sucesso com alunos portadores de TDAH, bem como cursos de atualização sobre o tema

Androgens by immunoassay and mass spectrometry in children with 46,XY disorder of sex development

Objective: Steroid measurement is a challenge in pediatric endocrinology. Currently, liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is considered a gold standard for this purpose. The aim of this study was to compare both LC-MS/MS and immunoassay (IA) for androgens before and after human recombinant chorionic gonadotropin (rhCG) stimulus in children with 46,XY disorders of sex development (DSD). Methods: Nineteen patients with 46,XY DSD were evaluated; all of them were prepubertal and non-gonadectomized. Testosterone, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), DHEA and androstenedione were measured by IA and LC-MS/MS before and 7 days after rhCG injection. The correlation between IA and LC-MS/MS was analyzed by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (SCC). For concordance analysis the Passing and Bablok (PB) regression and the Bland and Altman (BA) method were used. Results: Testosterone showed excellent correlation (ICC = 0.960 and SCC = 0.964); DHT showed insignificant and moderate correlations as indicated by ICC (0.222) and SCC (0.631), respectively; DHEA showed moderate correlation (ICC = 0.585 and SCC = 0.716); and androstenedione had poor and moderate correlations in ICC (0.363) and SCC (0.735), respectively. Using the PB method, all hormones showed a linear correlation, but proportional and systematic concordance errors were detected for androstenedione, systematic errors for testosterone and no errors for DHEA and DHT. By the BA method, there was a trend of IA to overestimate testosterone and androstenedione and underestimate DHEA and DHT when compared to LC-MS/MS. Conclusion: Traditional IA should be replaced by LC-MS/MS for the androgens measurement in prepubertal children whenever is possible

Androgens by immunoassay and mass spectrometry in children with 46,XY disorder of sex development

Steroid measurement is a challenge in pediatric endocrinology. Currently, liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is considered a gold standard for this purpose. The aim of this study was to compare both LC-MS/MS and immunoassay (IA) for androgens before and after human recombinant chorionic gonadotropin (rhCG) stimulus in children with 46,XY disorders of sex development (DSD). Nineteen patients with 46,XY DSD were evaluated; all of them were prepubertal and non-gonadectomized. Testosterone, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), DHEA and androstenedione were measured by IA and LC-MS/MS before and 7 days after rhCG injection. The correlation between IA and LC-MS/MS was analyzed by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (SCC). For concordance analysis the Passing and Bablok (PB) regression and the Bland and Altman (BA) method were used.Testosterone showed excellent correlation (ICC = 0.960 and SCC = 0.964); DHT showed insignificant and moderate correlations as indicated by ICC (0.222) and SCC (0.631), respectively; DHEA showed moderate correlation (ICC = 0.585 and SCC = 0.716); and androstenedione had poor and moderate correlations in ICC (0.363) and SCC (0.735), respectively. Using the PB method, all hormones showed a linear correlation, but proportional and systematic concordance errors were detected for androstenedione, systematic errors for testosterone and no errors for DHEA and DHT. By the BA method, there was a trend of IA to overestimate testosterone and androstenedione and underestimate DHEA and DHT when compared to LC-MS/MS.Traditional IA should be replaced by LC-MS/MS for the androgens measurement in prepubertal children whenever is possible911CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPES472098/2011-0001FAEPEX (Process: 106/2014