WHAT IS THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES (ICT) IN BUILDING RESILIENCE ASPECTS IN CASE OF DISASTER?

Due to climate change, hazardous events and disasters are going to become more frequent and intense, increasing disaster risk. Information Communication Technologies (ICT) can play a powerful role in building resilience in all the phases of the disaster cycle by stimulating collaboration and communication among different actors. However, there is a lack of studies that connect these fields of study. Thus, a resilient thinking approach that considers ICT and disaster is required to face these challenges. To identify resilience aspects promoted by ICT in case of disaster, this study conducted a content and bibliometric analysis, resulting in six aspects. The findings contribute to the current discussion and help decision-makers in the field who are interested in understanding how to implement an ICT that enhances resilience for communities affected by disasters

How to effectively use interactivity with interactive data visualization on groups with different literacy levels

Project Work presented as the partial requirement for obtaining a Master's degree in Information Management, specialization in Knowledge Management and Business IntelligenceOpen data can be used as an empowering tool to society; however, it is not usually accessible to the general audience. This difficulty tends to increase as users lack data literacy. Interactive data visualization is a solution to provide clearer information, enhancing understanding and engagement. This study aims to develop interactive visualizations with open data to understand how to effectively communicate a message. The prototype was created with Microsoft Power BI and the database was developed by The World Bank. This work contributed with a methodology to evaluate literacy and to evaluate the prototype with quantitative and qualitative metrics. ANOVA single factor tests pointed statistically significant differences between groups regarding accuracy, complexity, and comprehension. This suggests that data literacy should be considered when creating visualizations, and projects as DATALIT are essential to enhance users’ literacy. Both groups agreed that the best visualizations were the bar, line and pie charts, and the choropleth map was well accepted. The least preferred visualization and the most complex was the bubble chart. Non-Experient users found the elements a little more complex. Both groups worked well with filters and slicers, and tooltips had a good acceptance. Groups considered animation the worst component. When the interaction was not described in the text, the Non-Experient group had more difficult in discovering it. Participants showed average good results in all measures, thus Microsoft Power BI is a useful tool to create effective interactive visualizations for different groups. The results from this work will allow organizations to understand how to adapt their visualizations to different audiences and the importance of data literacy skills

Interactivity to improve visual analysis in groups with different literacy levels

The study presented in this paper investigates how two groups, with different literacies, perceive interactive visualizations by using statistical tests. A prototype with interactive visualizations created with Microsoft Power BI has been used. Validation was made with quantitative and qualitative metrics tested with ANOVA single factor. Three of the variables showed statistically significant differences between groups: accuracy, complexity, and comprehension. This highlights the importance of data literacy in comprehending visualizations, leading to a gap between both groups. The line, pie and bar chart were considered the best visualizations for both groups, and the worst was the bubble chart. Regarding the interactive component, the filter and the slider had a good evaluation among both groups. Using this study, organizations will be able to create appropriate visualizations for different audiences

Management of mechanical ventilation in brain injury: hyperventilation and positive end-expiratory pressure

O objetivo desse artigo foi realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre a utilização de manobras de hiperventilação pulmonar e os níveis de pressão positiva expiratória final empregados em pacientes com trauma cranioencefálico. Foram utilizados como referências publicações em inglês, espanhol e português, contidas nas bases de dados: MedLine, SciELO e LILACS, de 2000 até 2007, tendo como critérios de inclusão: manobra de hiperventilação pulmonar e o nível de pressão positiva expiratória final aplicado ao paciente adulto com trauma cranioencefálico, agudo ou crônico. Foram selecionados 31 estudos, sendo 13 sobre a utilização da hiperventilação pulmonar, como profilática, prolongada ou otimizada e 9 abordavam o emprego da pressão positiva expiratória final, em níveis que variaram de 0 a 15 cmH2O. A hiperventilação profilática nas primeiras 24 horas pode levar a um aumento da isquemia cerebral; a hiperventilação prolongada deve ser evitada na ausência de elevada pressão intracraniana; já a hiperventilação otimizada parece ser a técnica mais promissora no controle da pressão intracraniana e da pressão de perfusão cerebral. A elevação da pressão positiva expiratória final até 15 cmH2O pode ser aplicada, de forma consciente, com o objetivo na elevação da saturação arterial de oxigênio em presença de injúria pulmonar.The study intended to make a critical review on use of pulmonary hyperventilation maneuvers and the different positive end-expiratory pressures applied to traumatic brain injury patients. As a reference were used publications in English, Spanish and Portuguese, contained in the following databases: MedLine, SciELO and LILACS, from 2000 to 2007, we included all studies about the use of pulmonary hyperventilation maneuvers and the different positive end-expiratory levels used for adult patients with brain injury at acute or chronic stage. Thirty one trials were selected, 13 about pulmonary hyperventilation, as prophylaxis, prolonged or optimized and 9 shows the levels of positive end-expiratory pressures used, ranging from 0 to 15 cmH2O. The prophylactic hyperventilation maneuver in the first 24 hours can lead to an increase of cerebral ischemia; the prolonged hyperventilation must be avoided if intracranial pressure did not increase; however optimized hyperventilation seems to be the most promising technique for control of the intracranial pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure; the rise of the positive end-expiratory pressure, up to 15cmH2O, can be applied in a conscientious form aiming to increase arterial oxygen saturation in lung injury

Induced resistance during the interaction pathogen x plant and the use of resistance inducers

Plants react to aggressions through different defence responses. Mechanical barriers consist in the increase of production and deposition of substances capable of containing pathogen invasion. Chemical barriers consist in the increase of concentration or activity of defence proteins and synthesis of phenolic compounds and phytoalexins. Elicitor substances have been widely used in plant disease control showing impressive results and a low impact to the environment and man. This review contains information about plant defence mechanisms and shows the use of inducers of resistance in the control of pathogens and prospects of advance towards sustainable agriculture

Automatic Mapping of Student 3D Profiles in Software Metrics for Temporal Analysis of Programming Learning and Scoring Rubrics

The purpose of this chapter is to present an online system for a 3D representation of programming students’ profiles on software metrics that quantify effort and quality of programming from the analysis of source codes. In this representation, each student profile is a three-dimensional vector represented by a set of programming solutions developed by a student and mapped on 348 metrics of software during a programming course. Applying this profile representation, we developed a system with the following functionalities: generation of student’s timelines to verify the evolution of metrics in a sequence of programming solutions over a course, different visualizations of these variables, automatic selection of representative codes for composition of rubrics with less effort of evaluation and selection of metrics that more influence in scores attributed by teachers. The advantages of this system are to enable the analysis of where the learning difficulties begin, the monitoring of how a class evolves along a course and the dynamic composition of rubric representations to inform assessment criteria. The system proposed therefore presents itself as a relevant tool to assist teachers about decisions of an evaluative process, allowing in fact to assist students from the beginning to the end of a course

Implantação de agenda integrada em uma USF de Campo Grande (MS) – Relato de Experiência

Este artigo relata uma proposta de organização do processo de trabalho por meio da integração das ações dos profissionais de uma equipe de saúde da família no município de Campo Grande (MS), mediante a implantação de uma agenda de trabalho. Foi implantada uma agenda de trabalho que definiu a prioridade de atendimento de todos os profissionais da equipe em cada dia da semana. A demanda foi dividida entre atendimento programado, ao qual foram destinadas de 50% a 60% das vagas, e demanda espontânea, que correspondeu aos outros 40% a 50%. A demanda espontânea consistiu na população que procurou a unidade livremente para o agendamento de consulta, realizado por meio da distribuição de senhas, e a demanda programada foi composta por pacientes pertencentes a grupos de gestantes, hipertensos e diabéticos, que foram agendados previamente pelos profissionais da unidade por meio dos cartões dos programas, utilizados como documentos de registro e acompanhamento da história médica e odontológica desses pacientes. Para a equipe, a utilização dessa agenda representou um avanço em direção ao trabalho interdisciplinar e à lógica de atendimento por ordem de chegada, ampliando o acesso mediante outros critérios. A agenda também possibilitou maior aproximação com os pacientes e entre os membros da equipe

Síntese de derivados do floroglucinol e atividades biológicas

A depressão, um transtorno de origem neurológica, atinge cerca de 21% da população mundial. Já a Doença de Alzheimer afeta 10% dos indivíduos com idade superior a 65 anos e 50% dos que possuem idade superior a 85 anos. A atividade do Hypericum perforatum, utilizada na medicina popular, deve-se principalmente à presença da hiperforina, um derivado acilfloroglucinol. Objetivou-se neste trabalho desenvolver compostos sintéticos, a partir da simplificação estrutural, a partir da molécula da uliginosina B, um derivado natural do floroglucinol que apresenta atividade do tipo antidepressiva. Dos compostos sintetizados utilizando a síntese clássica e a metodologia de microondas, dezenove tiveram sua estrutura química completamente elucidada. O grande desafio foi encontrar protocolos de síntese adequados para obter os produtos com bons rendimentos e menor formação de subprodutos. O uso de microondas foi uma ferramenta importante na síntese de alguns compostos isoprenilados. Dez compostos foram testados em dose equimolar à imipramina (20 mg/kg) no teste de suspensão pela cauda (TSC) e, destes, sete compostos diminuíram o tempo de imobilidade dos animais quando comparados aos controles positivos imipramina e fluoxetina, sem provocar qualquer alteração na locomoção no teste de campo aberto. Para avaliar o potencial terapêutico para a Doença de Alzheimer foram realizados ensaios de inibição da acetilcolinesterase e da butirilcolinesterase, nos quais a maioria dos compostos mostrou-se seletivo para a inibição da acetilcolinesterase, porém com atividade na faixa de micromolar. A atividade antioxidante também foi avaliada, na qual a maioria apresentou uma atividade menor que a do floroglucinol. Os compostos ativos no TSC foram avaliados frente à proteína GSK-3 e dois apresentaram uma atividade moderada ATP não competitiva. Foi realizado o docking destas duas moléculas sobre a proteína GSK-3 e pode-se constatar que existe uma ligação aos sítios do substrato (cavidade dois) e alostérico (cavidade sete), o que confirma o resultado obtido experimentalmente no ensaio de cinética com o substrato GS2. As atividades biológicas apresentadas pelos derivados sintéticos obtidos são inovadoras, já que até o momento estudos semelhantes a estes não são encontrados na literatura. Sendo assim, este trabalho se torna um ponto de partida para novos estudos com derivados do floroglucinol na busca de novos protótipos para as atividades antidepressiva e neuroprotetora.Depression, a neurological disorder, affects about 21% of the world population, and Alzheimer's Disease affects 10% of individuals aged 65 years and 50% of those with age above 85 years. The activity of Hypericum perforatum, used in folk medicine, is mainly due to the presence of hyperforin, an acylphloroglucinol. The aim of this work was to develop synthetic compounds using uliginosin B, a natural phloroglucinol derivative having antidepressant-like activity, as a prototype to the structural simplification strategy. Nineteen compounds were synthesized using classical synthesis and the microwave assisted organic synthesis, which structures were fully characterized. The challenge was to develop synthetic protocols to obtain compounds with good yields and few by-products. The microwave assisted organic synthesis was an important tool to obtain some isoprenylated compounds. Ten compounds were tested in equimolar dosis to imipramine (20 mg/kg) in the tail suspension test (TST), from which seven decreased the immobility time of the animals when compared to positive controls, imipramine and fluoxetine, without any change at the locomotion in the open field test. To evaluate the therapeutic potential for Alzheimer's Disease the inhibition assays of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase were performed. The majority of compounds were selective for acetylcholinesterase inhibition in the range of micromolar. The antioxidant activity was also assessed for all compounds which presented lower activity than that of the phloroglucinol. The active compounds in the TSC were tested against the GSK-3 protein and two showed a moderate ATP noncompetitive activity. The docking of these molecules was performed on GSK-3 protein and showed a binding to the site of the substrate (cavity two) and to the allosteric one (cavity seven), which confirms the results obtained on the GS2 substrate kinetic assay. The biological activities demonstrated by the synthetic derivatives obtained herein are innovative since there are not similar studies in the literature. Thus, this work is a starting point for further studies with phloroglucinol derivatives in a search of new prototypes for antidepressant and neuroprotective activities