Intergovernmental organisations and the protection of democracy: a multifaceted power in world politics

A proteção da internacional da democracia é uma questão de poder. Embora estudos recentes sistematizaram a perspectiva multidimensional do poder nas políticas de proteção democrática, o foco estava nos Estados nacionais. Este artigo enfocou as Organizações Intergovernamentais (OIGs), assumindo-as como atores capazes de projetar poder na política mundial. Primeiro, usamos a tipologia do poder em Barnett e Duvall, declarada como multifacetada e produtora de diferentes políticas e resultados. Segundo, o artigo aplicou essa tipologia observando como os poderes compulsórios, institucionais, estruturais e produtivos aparecem na ação das OIGs. O resultado foi uma análise complexa, multinível e interdisciplinar do fenômeno político.La protección de la democracia internacional es una cuestión de poder. Estudios recientes han sistematizado la perspectiva multidimensional del poder en las políticas de protección democrática con enfoque en los estados nacionales. Este artículo analisa las Organizaciones Intergubernamentales (OIG), las entiendo como actores con poder proyectivo en la política mundial. Primeiro, utilizamos los tipos de poder de Barnett y Duvall, declarados multifacéticos y que producen distintas políticas y resultados. Segundo, analizamos los poderes obligatorios, institucionales, estructurales y productivos en la acción de las OIG. El resultado fue un análisis complejo, multinivel e interdisciplinario del fenómeno político.The international protection of democracy is a matter of power. Although recent studies systematized the multidimensional perspective of power in democracy protection policies, they focused on national states. This article focused on another actor, the Intergovernmental Organizations (IGOs), assuming them as actors capable of projecting power in world politics. First, we use the typology of power in Barnett and Duvall, stated as multifaceted and productive of different policies and results. Second, the article applied the typology, observing how compulsory, institutional, structural and productive powers appear in IGOs action. The result was a complex, multilevel and interdisciplinary analysis of power phenomenon

Currency carry trade, crash risk and the role of speculators: evidence from panel data models

This work project studies the dynamics of carry trade within a sample of developed currency markets. Using univariate and multivariate analysis, I studied the links between interest rates and foreign currency investments. The results obtained are consistent with the hypothesis that there are positive links between interest rate differentials, currency returns and traders’ long positions, and a negative link between interest rates and the conditional skewness. In addition, I also analysed if carry traders act as stabilizers or destabilizers of foreign exchange rates. The results cannot consistently support the hypothesis of under reaction and stabilization advanced by Brunnermeier, Nagel and Pedersen (2008)

DEPENDENCY-BASED REACTIVE CHANGE PROPAGATION DESIGN PATTERN APPLIED TO ENVIRONMENTS WITH HIGH UNPREDICTABILITY

Transitional turbulence is a period of chaotic or unreliable variation in the state of a software system that results from changes in the system’s interconnected components. During these periods of instability, an external observer of the system’s state may “see” erroneous results. This is a problem that can affect visual user interfaces such as those in virtual and augmented reality applications and desktop or Web GUIs. In this research, we study two different reactive applications developed in C# on .NET. We reduce the transitional turbulence by augmenting the base applications with a dependency-graph-based event scheduling approach. The first study investigates desktop and Web GUIs. The second study investigates virtual and augmented reality applications built on the Unity3D game engine. The two studies use similar approaches, but both are somewhat embedded in the details of their applications and implementation platforms. In addition to presenting the two augmented applications, this dissertation characterizes the problem and its solution in a more general way. To do so, we use a design pattern to state the general problem-solution pair and enable it to be reused in similar contexts. We examine the two studies to identify their commonalities. We then unify the approaches by writing a new design pattern named Dynamically Coalescing Reactive Chains (DCRC). This dissertation both presents the new design pattern and records the systematic process we used to write it. To evaluate the design pattern and its usage, we apply it to the application in the first study as if we were approaching the application anew. The DCRC pattern facilitates the use of our approach for other applications and technologies and lays the foundation for further research on transitional turbulence and related software architecture issues

Using ICT to support reflection in pre-service mathematics teacher education

This paper analyses a virtual supervision setting (e-mail and forum) during the practicum in a pre-service secondary school mathematics teacher education program. It is a study of the authors’ own professional practice using a qualitative-interpretative approach and case studies of student teachers. The results show that the setting was significant for pre-service teachers who had a more reflective attitude, but was seen as a burden by the others. The forum enabled fruitful reflections and discussions and e-mail was mostly used for organizational matters. In the future, attention must be paid to the role of the educational supervisor in fostering participation in the forum and use of e-mail.Este artigo analisa um dispositivo de supervisão virtual (e-mail e fórum) durante o estágio num curso de formação inicial de professores de Matemática do ensino secundário. É um estudo dos autores sobre a sua própria prática profissional usando uma abordagem qualitativa e interpretativa e estudos de casos de futuros professores. Os resultados mostram que o dispositivo foi significativo para os futuros professores que tinham uma atitude mais reflexiva mas foi visto como um “peso” pelos outros futuros professores. O fórum permitiu reflexões frutuosas e discussões e o e-mail foi principalmente usado para matérias organizacionais. No futuro, deve ser dada atenção ao papel do supervisor educacional em promover a participação no fórum e o uso do e-mail