Avaliação de perda hídrica corporal induzida pelo treinamento em praticantes de Jiu Jítsu Brasileiro

Brazilian Jiu Jitsu is a sport that associates intense physical activity with the use of heavy clothing, usually in places where there is a high temperature, leading its practitioners to the risk of dehydration. The present study aims to evaluate the body water loss in Brazilian Jiu Jitsu practitioners during training, as well as to measure their water consumption in this context. For that, an observational, transverse and exploratory study was performed, where body mass measurements were performed before and after training; applications of questionnaires; measurement of the ambient temperature and relative humidity and statistical tests for the measured water loss. Were measured indicators of sweat loss (PS), percentage weight loss (PPP) and sweat loss per hour of activity (PSH). The results pointed to a significant variation of pre and post workout weight (p = 0.001), with mean PS of 980.69 ± 440.18 ml, PPP of 0.84 ± 0.55% and PSH of 1618.67 ± 900.78 ml / h. It is concluded that, despite heterogeneous water losses in the sample, the mean value of the percentage weight loss found is adequate when compared to the positions of specialized entities and that the average water consumption during the practice is lower than that estimated by reference institutes.O Jiu Jítsu Brasileiro é um esporte que associa atividade física intensa ao uso de vestimentas pesadas, comumente em locais onde há uma temperatura ambiente levada, conduzindo seus praticantes ao risco de desidratação. O presente trabalho possui o objetivo de avaliar a perda hídrica corporal em praticantes de Jiu Jítsu Brasileiro durante o treinamento, bem como mensurar seu consumo hídrico nesse contexto. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo observacional, transversal e exploratório, onde ocorreram aferições de massa corpórea antes e depois do treino; aplicações de questionários; medição da temperatura ambiente e umidade relativa do ar e realização de testes estatísticos quanto à perda hídrica mensurada. Indicadores de perda de suor (PS), perda de peso percentual (PPP) e perda de suor por hora de atividade (PSH) foram aferidos. Os resultados apontaram para uma variação significante de peso pré e pós treino (p=0,001), com médias de PS de 980,69±440.18 ml, PPP de 0,84±0.55% e PSH de 1618.67±900.78 ml/h. Conclui-se que, apesar de perdas hídricas heterogêneas na amostra, o valor médio da perda de peso percentual encontrada está adequado quando comparado com posicionamentos de entidades especializadas e que o consumo hídrico médio durante a prática mostra-se inferior ao prezado por instituições de referência. ABSTRACT Measurement of body weight loss induced by training in Brazilian Jiu Jitsu practitionersBrazilian Jiu Jitsu is a sport that associates intense physical activity with the use of heavy clothing, usually in places where there is a high temperature, leading its practitioners to the risk of dehydration. The present study aims to evaluate the body water loss in Brazilian Jiu Jitsu practitioners during training, as well as to measure their water consumption in this context. For that, an observational, transverse and exploratory study was performed, where body mass measurements were performed before and after training; applications of questionnaires; measurement of the ambient temperature and relative humidity and statistical tests for the measured water loss. Were measured indicators of sweat loss (PS), percentage weight loss (PPP) and sweat loss per hour of activity (PSH). The results pointed to a significant variation of pre and post workout weight (p = 0.001), with mean PS of 980.69 ± 440.18 ml, PPP of 0.84 ± 0.55% and PSH of 1618.67 ± 900.78 ml / h. It is concluded that, despite heterogeneous water losses in the sample, the mean value of the percentage weight loss found is adequate when compared to the positions of specialized entities and that the average water consumption during the practice is lower than that estimated by reference institutes

Padrões de consumo alimentar e níveis pressóricos elevados em brasileiros: estudo transversal, 2013

Objective. To analyze the association between patterns of food consumption markers with high blood pressure levels among Brazilians. Methods. Cross-sectional study with data from the National Health Survey, with outcome high blood pressure levels, measured during an interview, between August and November 2013. Food patterns, the exposure variables, were identified. Prevalence ratio (PR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were calculated using multivariable Poisson regression. Results. The prevalence of high blood pressure levels was 16.0% (95%CI – 15.3;16.7) of the 37,216 participants, being higher in those with a diet that included meat and alcoholic beverages (PR=1.21 – 95%CI 1.08;1.35). The pattern with highest presence of greens and vegetables did not show a statistically significant association com níveis pressóricos elevados (PR=0.94 – 95%CI 0.84;1.06). Conclusion. The pattern with meat and alcoholic beverages was associated with high blood pressure levels.Objetivo. Analisar a associação entre padrões de marcadores do consumo alimentar com níveis pressóricos elevados em brasileiros. Métodos. Estudo transversal, com dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde, tendo como desfecho níveis pressóricos elevados, aferidos durante entrevistas realizadas entre agosto e novembro de 2013. Foram identificados padrões de marcadores do consumo alimentar, as variáveis de exposição. Calculou-se razão de prevalências (RP) e intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95%) por regressão de Poisson multivariável. Resultados. A prevalência de níveis pressóricos elevados foi de 16,0% (IC95% 15,3;16,7) na amostra de 37.216 participantes, sendo maior naqueles com dieta que incluía carne e bebidas alcoólicas (RP=1,21 – IC95% 1,08;1,35). O padrão com maior presença de verduras e legumes não apresentou associação estatisticamente significante com níveis pressóricos elevados (RP=0,94 – IC95% 0,84;1,06). Conclusão. O padrão marcado pelo consumo de carne e bebidas alcoólicas mostrou-se associado com níveis pressóricos elevados

TRATAMENTO CIRÚRGICO DA SÍNDROME NEFRÓTICA: ESTRATÉGIAS PARA O CONTROLE DA PROTEINÚRIA E PRESERVAÇÃO DA FUNÇÃO RENAL

Nephrotic syndrome is a kidney condition that causes a large loss of protein in the urine, leading to edema, hypoalbuminemia and other symptoms. Surgical treatment may be an option in specific cases to control proteinuria and preserve kidney function. Objectives: To evaluate the different surgical strategies used in the treatment of nephrotic syndrome, with a focus on controlling proteinuria and preserving renal function. Methodology: They consisted of a systematic literature review, where relevant articles were searched in academic databases. The inclusion criteria were defined to select studies that evaluated the surgical treatment of nephrotic syndrome and its strategies to control proteinuria and preserve renal function. For data collection, the following databases were used: Nursing Database (BDENF), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), PubMed and Latin American Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS). Various types of publications, such as scientific articles, monographs and magazines, were consulted to obtain relevant information on the topic. Results and Discussions: Surgical strategies used to treat nephrotic syndrome have demonstrated variable efficacy in controlling proteinuria and preserving renal function. Interventions are necessary to better understand the benefits and limitations of each surgical approach, considering the different patient profiles and characteristics of the disease. Conclusion: In conclusion, surgical treatment of nephrotic syndrome offers a range of strategies to control proteinuria and preserve renal function. However, the selection of the most appropriate surgical approach must take into account the severity of the disease, the response to conservative treatment and the individual characteristics of the patient. More studies are needed to validate the long-term efficacy and safety of these strategies.A síndrome nefrótica é uma condição renal que causa grande perda de proteínas na urina, levando a edema, hipoalbuminemia e outros sintomas. O tratamento cirúrgico pode ser uma opção em casos específicos para controlar a proteinúria e preservar a função renal. Objetivos: Avaliar as diferentes estratégias cirúrgicas utilizadas no tratamento da síndrome nefrótica, com foco no controle da proteinúria e na preservação da função renal. Materiais e Métodos: Consistiram em uma revisão sistemática da literatura, onde foram pesquisados artigos relevantes nas bases de dados acadêmicas. Os critérios de inclusão foram definidos para selecionar estudos que avaliassem o tratamento cirúrgico da síndrome nefrótica e suas estratégias para controlar a proteinúria e preservar a função renal. Para a coleta de dados, foram utilizados os bancos de dados: Base de dados Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), PubMed e Literatura Latino-Americana do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS). Diversos tipos de publicações, como artigos científicos, monografias e revistas, foram consultados para obter informações relevantes sobre o tema. Resultados e Discussões: As estratégias cirúrgicas empregadas no tratamento da síndrome nefrótica demonstraram eficácia variável no controle da proteinúria e na preservação da função renal. Sendo necessárias intervenções para compreender melhor os benefícios e limitações de cada abordagem cirúrgica, considerando-se os diferentes perfis de pacientes e as características da doença. Conclusão:  Em conclusão, o tratamento cirúrgico da síndrome nefrótica oferece uma gama de estratégias para controlar a proteinúria e preservar a função renal. No entanto, a seleção da abordagem cirúrgica mais adequada deve levar em consideração a gravidade da doença, a resposta ao tratamento conservador e as características individuais do paciente. Mais estudos são necessários para validar a eficácia e segurança dessas estratégias a longo prazo

ABORDAGEM CIRÚRGICA DAS MALFORMAÇÕES ARTERIOVENOSAS CEREBRAIS: ESTRATÉGIAS DE TRATAMENTO E RESULTADOS

The surgical approach to cerebral arteriovenous malformations is essential for the treatment of these complex conditions. These intracranial vascular anomalies, characterized by anomalous connections between arteries and veins, can result in brain hemorrhages, seizures, and other debilitating neurological problems. Objectives: Review the various surgical treatment strategies used to address cerebral arteriovenous malformations. Methodology: Data collection was conducted through the following databases: Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), PubMed, Latin American Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS). Various types of publications were consulted, including scientific articles, monographs and magazines, with the aim of obtaining relevant information on the topic. Results and Discussions: The efficacy and safety of surgical strategies to treat cerebral arteriovenous malformations. Although some approaches have demonstrated a high success rate in resolving AVMs, others have been associated with fewer postoperative complications. The importance of a multidisciplinary approach and the need for additional studies to evaluate long-term outcomes are highlighted. In summary, the results and discussion highlight the need for treatment personalization and interdisciplinary collaboration to optimize clinical outcomes. Conclusion: In conclusion, this article reviewed surgical strategies for the treatment of cerebral arteriovenous malformations, highlighting the diversity of available approaches and their clinical relevance. It is essential to recognize the importance of personalizing treatment based on the individual characteristics of each patient and interdisciplinary collaboration between healthcare professionals. We hope that this work will contribute to a better understanding and management of these complex conditions, aiming to improve clinical outcomes and quality of life for patients affected by cerebral arteriovenous malformations.A abordagem cirúrgica das malformações arteriovenosas cerebrais é essencial para o tratamento dessas condições complexas. Essas anomalias vasculares intracranianas, caracterizadas por conexões anômalas entre artérias e veias, podem resultar em hemorragias cerebrais, convulsões e outros problemas neurológicos debilitantes. Objetivos: Revisar as   diversas estratégias de tratamento cirúrgico utilizadas para abordar as malformações arteriovenosas cerebrais. Materiais e Métodos: A coleta de dados, esta foi conduzida por meio dos bancos de dados: Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), PubMed, Literatura Latino-Americana do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS). Foram consultados diversos tipos de publicações, incluindo artigos científicos, monografias e revistas, com o objetivo de obter informações relevantes sobre o tema. Resultados e Discussões: A eficácia e segurança das estratégias cirúrgicas para tratar malformações arteriovenosas cerebrais. Embora algumas abordagens tenham demonstrado alta taxa de sucesso na resolução das MAVs, outras foram associadas a menos complicações pós-operatórias. Destaca-se a importância da abordagem multidisciplinar e da necessidade de estudos adicionais para avaliar os desfechos a longo prazo. Em suma, os resultados e discussão destacam a necessidade de personalização do tratamento e colaboração interdisciplinar para otimizar os resultados clínicos. Conclusão: Em conclusão, este artigo revisou as estratégias cirúrgicas para o tratamento de malformações arteriovenosas cerebrais, destacando a diversidade de abordagens disponíveis e sua relevância clínica. É fundamental reconhecer a importância da personalização do tratamento com base nas características individuais de cada paciente e na colaboração interdisciplinar entre profissionais de saúde. Esperamos que este trabalho contribua para uma melhor compreensão e manejo dessas condições complexas, visando melhorar os resultados clínicos e a qualidade de vida dos pacientes afetados pelas malformações arteriovenosas cerebrais

CIRURGIA DE CORREÇÃO PARA DEFORMIDADES CRANIOFACIAIS ASSOCIADAS A CONDIÇÕES NEUROLÓGICAS CONGÊNITAS

Correction surgery for craniofacial deformities is a crucial field of medicine that aims to improve patients' quality of life and functionality. These procedures can address a variety of issues, from structural anomalies to functional difficulties, providing significant benefits to affected patients. Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness and results of correction surgery for craniofacial deformities in patients with congenital neurological conditions. Methodology: To obtain data, resources from the following repositories were used: Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), PubMed and Latin American Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS). A variety of sources, including scientific articles, monographs and journals, were examined to extract pertinent information on the subject. Results and Discussions: There is a significant improvement in craniofacial function and aesthetics after correction surgery in patients with congenital neurological conditions. A reduction in postoperative complications and a satisfactory rate of satisfaction among patients and their families in relation to aesthetic and functional results were observed. However, long-term follow-up studies are still needed to fully assess the durability of these results and the impact on patients' quality of life. Conclusion: Due to the aforementioned facts, corrective surgery for craniofacial deformities in patients with congenital neurological conditions has proven to be an effective approach to improving both function and aesthetics. The results indicate a significant improvement in the quality of life of these patients, although additional studies are needed to fully evaluate the long-term durability of the results and the long-term impact. These findings highlight the continued importance of surgical intervention and multidisciplinary follow-up in these complex cases.A cirurgia de correção para deformidades craniofaciais é um campo crucial da medicina que visa melhorar a qualidade de vida e a funcionalidade dos pacientes. Esses procedimentos podem abordar uma variedade de questões, desde anomalias estruturais até dificuldades funcionais, proporcionando benefícios significativos para os pacientes afetados. Objetivos: Avaliar a eficácia e os resultados da cirurgia de correção para deformidades craniofaciais em pacientes com condição neurológica congênita. Materiais e Métodos: Para a obtenção de dados, foram empregados os recursos dos seguintes repositórios: Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), PubMed e Literatura Latino-Americana do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS). Uma variedade de fontes, incluindo artigos científicos, monografias e periódicos, foi examinada para extrair informações pertinentes sobre o assunto. Resultados e Discussões: Destaca-se uma melhoria significativa na função e na estética craniofacial após a cirurgia de correção em pacientes com condições neurológicas congênitas. Observou-se uma redução nas complicações pós-operatórias e uma taxa satisfatória de satisfação dos pacientes e suas famílias em relação aos resultados estéticos e funcionais. No entanto, ainda são necessários estudos de acompanhamento, a longo prazo, para avaliar completamente a durabilidade desses resultados e o impacto na qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Conclusão: Em virtude dos fatos mencionados, a cirurgia de correção para deformidades craniofaciais em pacientes com condições neurológicas congênitas demonstrou ser uma abordagem eficaz para melhorar tanto a função quanto a estética. Os resultados indicam uma melhoria significativa na qualidade de vida desses pacientes, embora sejam necessários estudos adicionais para avaliar completamente no decurso do tempo, a durabilidade dos resultados e o impacto. Esses achados destacam a importância contínua da intervenção cirúrgica e do acompanhamento multidisciplinar nesses casos complexos

Use of insect repellent as personal protection among women of childbearing age in an arbovirus endemic area in Northeastern Brazil

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the factors associated with the individual use of insect repellent by women of childbearing age living in area endemic for arboviruses in Fortaleza, Brazil. Methods: This is a cohort study carried out between 2018 and 2019 with women aged between 15 and 39 years in Fortaleza, state of Ceará, Brazil. A total of 1,173 women users of one of the four selected primary health care units participated in the study. The outcome was divided into: continued use, discontinued use, and nonuse of insect repellent. Crude and adjusted multinominal logistic regression analysis was carried out guided by a hierarchical model, with presentation of the respective odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). The independent variables include: socioeconomic and demographic data, environmental and sanitary characteristics, knowledge of the insect repellent, and behavioral and pregnancy-related aspects. Results: Only 28% of the participants reported using insect repellent during the two waves of the cohort. Women with higher education (OR=2.55; 95%CI 1.44–4.51); who are employed (OR=1.51; 95%CI 1.12–2.03); who received guidance from healthcare professionals (OR=1.74; 95%CI 1.28–2.36) and the media (OR=1.43; 95%CI 1.01–2.02); who intensified precautions against mosquitoes during the epidemic (OR=3.64; 95%CI 2.29–5.78); and who were pregnant between 2016 and 2019 (OR=2.80; 95%CI 1.83–4.30) had increased odds for continued use of insect repellent. Conclusion: The use of insect repellent among women of childbearing age was associated with a higher level of education, employment, guidance on insect repellent provided by healthcare professionals and the media, behavioral changes to protect against mosquitoes during the Zika virus epidemic, and pregnancy when occurring as of the beginning of the epidemic period

Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities

Aim: Amazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types. Location: Amazonia. Taxon: Angiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots). Methods: Data for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran\u27s eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny. Results: In the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R$^{2}$ = 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R$^{2}$ = 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types. Main Conclusion: Numerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (>66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions

Geographic patterns of tree dispersal modes in Amazonia and their ecological correlates

Aim: To investigate the geographic patterns and ecological correlates in the geographic distribution of the most common tree dispersal modes in Amazonia (endozoochory, synzoochory, anemochory and hydrochory). We examined if the proportional abundance of these dispersal modes could be explained by the availability of dispersal agents (disperser-availability hypothesis) and/or the availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits (resource-availability hypothesis). Time period: Tree-inventory plots established between 1934 and 2019. Major taxa studied: Trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 9.55 cm. Location: Amazonia, here defined as the lowland rain forests of the Amazon River basin and the Guiana Shield. Methods: We assigned dispersal modes to a total of 5433 species and morphospecies within 1877 tree-inventory plots across terra-firme, seasonally flooded, and permanently flooded forests. We investigated geographic patterns in the proportional abundance of dispersal modes. We performed an abundance-weighted mean pairwise distance (MPD) test and fit generalized linear models (GLMs) to explain the geographic distribution of dispersal modes. Results: Anemochory was significantly, positively associated with mean annual wind speed, and hydrochory was significantly higher in flooded forests. Dispersal modes did not consistently show significant associations with the availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits. A lower dissimilarity in dispersal modes, resulting from a higher dominance of endozoochory, occurred in terra-firme forests (excluding podzols) compared to flooded forests. Main conclusions: The disperser-availability hypothesis was well supported for abiotic dispersal modes (anemochory and hydrochory). The availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits seems an unlikely explanation for the distribution of dispersal modes in Amazonia. The association between frugivores and the proportional abundance of zoochory requires further research, as tree recruitment not only depends on dispersal vectors but also on conditions that favour or limit seedling recruitment across forest types

Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities

AimAmazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types.LocationAmazonia.TaxonAngiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots).MethodsData for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran's eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny.ResultsIn the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R2 = 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R2 = 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types.Main ConclusionNumerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (>66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions

Mapping density, diversity and species-richness of the Amazon tree flora

Using 2.046 botanically-inventoried tree plots across the largest tropical forest on Earth, we mapped tree species-diversity and tree species-richness at 0.1-degree resolution, and investigated drivers for diversity and richness. Using only location, stratified by forest type, as predictor, our spatial model, to the best of our knowledge, provides the most accurate map of tree diversity in Amazonia to date, explaining approximately 70% of the tree diversity and species-richness. Large soil-forest combinations determine a significant percentage of the variation in tree species-richness and tree alpha-diversity in Amazonian forest-plots. We suggest that the size and fragmentation of these systems drive their large-scale diversity patterns and hence local diversity. A model not using location but cumulative water deficit, tree density, and temperature seasonality explains 47% of the tree species-richness in the terra-firme forest in Amazonia. Over large areas across Amazonia, residuals of this relationship are small and poorly spatially structured, suggesting that much of the residual variation may be local. The Guyana Shield area has consistently negative residuals, showing that this area has lower tree species-richness than expected by our models. We provide extensive plot meta-data, including tree density, tree alpha-diversity and tree species-richness results and gridded maps at 0.1-degree resolution