Implementação de Sistemas Fotovoltaicos em Habitações de Interesse Social no âmbito do Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida

Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (graduação)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade UnB Gama, Curso de Engenharia de Energia, 2021.Este estudo tem o propósito de analisar a viabilidade técnica e econômica da implemen- tação de Sistemas Fotovoltaicos conectados à rede (SFCR) em Habitações de Interesse Social (HIS) no Brasil, tomando como modelo uma unidade residencial hipotética nos moldes do Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida (MCMV). Para fundamentar a análise, construiu-se um sólido referencial teórico que perpassa a evolução e o marco regulatório da energia solar, bem como a cronologia de políticas públicas e o panorama atual do Deficit Habitacional brasileiro. A partir desse referencial, foram estabelecidos parâmetros técnicos para o dimensionamento do SFCR, e definidos diferentes cenários de atendimento à demanda de energia residencial, de forma a aumentar a abrangência do estudo. Para a análise de viabilidade técnica, os cenários propostos foram submetidos à simulação no soft- ware PVsyst, que respaldou o bom desempenho e a viabilidade para todos os casos. Para a análise de viabilidade econômica, os cenários propostos foram submetidos ao cálculo de indicadores financeiros (VPL, TIR e Payback), buscando avaliar as suas compatibilidades frente às diferentes faixas de renda do programa MCMV. Os resultados obtidos respal- daram a viabilidade abrangente do cenário 1, que corresponde ao atendimento integral da demanda, enquanto revelaram limitações seletivas para a aplicação dos cenários 2 e 3. Por fim, conclui-se que os resultados obtidos reiteram a premissa de integração entre as agendas de combate ao Deficit Habitacional e de diversificação da Matriz Energética a partir de fontes renováveis, por meio da implementação de SFCR em HIS do programa MCMV.This study aims to analyze the technical and economic viability of the implementation of Grid-connected Photovoltaic Systems (SFCR) in Housing of Social Interest (HIS) in Brazil, using as a model a hypothetical residential unit according to the Minha Casa Minha Vida program model. In order to support that analysis this study builds an effective theoretical framework that goes through the evolution and the regulation mark of solar energy, as well as the chronology of related public policies and the current panorama of housing deficit in Brazil. Based on this reference, technical parameters were established for the SFCR sizing, and different scenarios for attending the residential energy demand were defined, in order to increase the scope of the study. For the technical viability analysis, the scenarios were subjected to simulation in the PVsyst software, which supported the high performance and viability for all cases. For the economic viability analysis, the scenarios were submitted to the calculation of indicators (VPL, TIR and Payback), seeking to assess their compatibility against the different income zones of the MCMV program. The results obtained support the embracing viability of scenario 1, which corresponds to the full service of the energy demand, while revealing selective limitations for the application of scenarios 2 and 3. Finally, it is concluded that the results obtained confirm the premise of integration between the housing deficit issue agenda and diversification of the energy matrix by renewable sources agenda

IFNγ protects motor neurons from oxidative stress via enhanced global protein synthesis in FUS-associated amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type 6 (ALS6) is a familial subtype of ALS linked to Fused in Sarcoma (FUS) gene mutation. FUS mutations lead to decreased global protein synthesis, but the mechanism that drives this has not been established. Here, we used ALS6 patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (hIPSCs) to study the effect of the ALS6 FUSR521H mutation on the translation machinery in motor neurons (MNs). We find, in agreement with findings of others, that protein synthesis is decreased in FUSR521H MNs. Furthermore, FUSR521H MNs are more sensitive to oxidative stress and display reduced expression of TGF-β and mTORC gene pathways when stressed. Finally, we show that IFNγ treatment reduces apoptosis of FUSR521H MNs exposed to oxidative stress and partially restores the translation rates in FUSR521H MNs. Overall, these findings suggest that a functional IFNγ response is important for FUS-mediated protein synthesis, possibly by FUS nuclear translocation in ALS6.</p

Is there a relationship between hippocampus-dependent memory and 5-ht2a receptors? Insights from a systematic review / Há uma relação entre a memória hipocampo-dependente e receptores 5-HT2a? Insights de uma revisão sistemática

This is a systematic review with the aim of analyzing the role of 5-HT2A receptors in hippocampal-dependent memory. In order to do this, we searched the PubMed, Science Direct, and Neuron databases between October 23 and 29, 2018, using the following descriptor combinations: memory, 5-HT2A, and hippocampus, present in the title, abstract, or keywords, with no restrictions on study date or language. Following search and selection, we analyzed risk of bias, and the results were subsequently synthesized according to the experimental model. Out of 40 articles, four were included in qualitative analysis. The data indicate that the 5-HT2A receptors in the hippocampus play an important role in the memory consolidation process, although they do not interfere in the encoding or retrieval processes of these memories. Additionally, chronic use of receptor agonists in models of Alzheimer’s disease also demonstrates better performance in the object recognition tests. The action of 5-HT2A receptors has also been shown to be important to aversive memory formation, thus attributing a prominent role to these receptors in hippocampal-dependent memory processes

Histomorfometric Analysis of Duodenum of Rats Submitted to Food Stress / Análise Histomorfométrica do Duodeno de Ratos Submetidos ao Estresse Alimentar

Stress was interpreted as a nonspecific reaction of the organism to a situation that would threaten its homeostasis. Several factors in the modern world can be related to this condition: the search for a perfect body, the labor market dispute or the pressure to conquer everything as fast as possible. Associated with these factors, one can add the intense, naturally stressful, routine in which man is inserted. At the experimental level, several effects are observed at a systemic and behavioral level in rats that have been submitted to food restriction models, finding that the gastrointestinal system is quite vulnerable to stress in general. In specific cases of food stress, it was observed that the manifestations vary according to the life stage of the animal and the applied model. In this sense, the present research aims to evaluate the influence of food restriction on the intestinal tunica morphology of rats submitted to a chronic food stress model. For this, 27 animals were divided into control (n = 11) and test (n = 16) groups. From the 60 th day of life, the test group was submitted to four stages, each one being performed in one day: 1) palatable diet; 2) visual stimulation to the diet, but without access; 3) fasting; 4) standard diet of the biotery. The four steps were repeated until the animals completed 90 days. In the morphometry of the duodenum were analyzed: length, width and area of vill, as well as area of intestinal gland (Lieberkühn). Statistical inference of data showed that the applied stress model affected the morphology of the stressed group, since the intestinal villi appeared wider and with less area in this group. The villi length as well as the intestinal gland area did not undergo morphological changes. The alterations found reinforce that the fasting process acts as a stressor and a predisposing factor for morphological alterations, as observed in other studies in our laboratory. However, there are not many studies in the literature that allow the knowledge of the consequences of this type of stress. In this case, further research is needed on the relationship between the gastrointestinal tract and the experimental model applied to elucidate such findings

Effects of chronic food stress on morphometry and expression of nuclear organizing regions in the adult rats hippocampus Chronic food stress on morphometry and expression of agnor in the rats hippocampus / Efeitos do estresse alimentar crônico na morfometria e expressão das regiões de organização nuclear nos ratos adultos hipocampo Testemunho crônico de alimentação sobre morfometria e expressão do agnor no hippocampus das taxas

The aim of this study was to verify the immediate and late effects of chronic food stress on the expression of Nuclear Organizing Regions (NORs) in hippocampal neurons. Twenty Wistar rats were separated into two groups: test (n = 10) and control (n = 10). Food stress started from the 60th day of life and lasted for a month. After this time the animals were anesthetized, euthanized and had their hippocampus dissected. The obtained hippocampus were histologically processed, stained by the HE technique for morphological description and by the AgNOR technique for NOR analysis. From each image the total number of neurons, the number of neurons with NOR in Dispersion (NND), the total number of NORs (NNOR), and then performed a ratio of NNOR by the total number of neurons to obtain the number Of NOR by neuron (NNN). Of the analyzed variants, the number of neurons was higher (p &lt;0.001) in the stressed group (41.98 ± 17), when compared with the control group (33.57 ± 14). In addition, NND was also higher in the stressed group (4.523 ± 4.04) than the control group (1.4 ± 2.20) with p &lt;0.001. Thus, we have that chronic food stress increases the number of granular neurons in the hippocampus in rats as well as increases the number of NOR in dispersion. 

Estudos morfológico e morfométrico do coração e da artéria aorta em ratos adultos desmamados precocemente / Morphological and morphometric studies of the heart and aorta artery in preciously weed adult rats

Objetivo: Realizar uma investigação acerca dos efeitos do desmame precoce sobre a morfologia e morfometria do coração e da artéria aorta de ratos adultos submetidos ao desmame precoce no 15° dia de vida pós-natal. Método: Foram utilizados 16 ratos machos da linhagem Wistar. Os grupos experimentais foram formados pelos grupos DP15 (desmame no 15° dia pós-natal) e C30 (desmame no 30° dia pós-natal), com o 8 ratos cada grupo. Após o desmame, os animais foram separados em gaiolas individuais e no 100° dia de vida pós-natal, foram eutanasiados através da pefusão intracardíaca. O coração e a artéria aorta foram coletados e posteriormente processados para a microscopia de luz. As análises foram realizadas a partir de fotomicrografias e do software ImageJ. Foram avaliados o número de cárdiomiócitos, a área nuclear e a espessura da aorta. Resultado: Os resultados mostraram que o desmame precoce promoveu alterações significativas nas variáveis analisadas, provocando a redução da área nuclear dos cardiomiócitos (C: 16,77µm ± 5,95; DP: 12,48µm ± 7,03), hiperplasia do miocárdio (C: 30,42µm ± 11,38; DP: 48,87µm ± 13,62), diminuição na espessura da artéria aorta (C: 168,56µm ± 46,61; DP: 113,81µm ± 28,01) (C: 130,69µm ± 40,75; DP: 81,62µm ± 19,89). Baseado em nossos resultados podemos sugerir que o desmame precoce é uma agressão perinatal capaz de provocar alterações na morfologia e morfometria do coração e da artéria aorta de ratos. 

Caracterização de Pseudomonas endofíticas quanto à produção de compostos potencialmente bioestimulantes no desenvolvimento vegetal

Ministério da Educação, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia e Fundação Amazônia de Amparo a Estudos e Pesquisas.Pseudomonas é um gênero de bactérias gram-negativas freqüentemente encontradas no solo ou em relação simbiótica com plantas. Quando presentes nos tecidos internos do vegetal são denominadas bactérias endofíticas, sendo algumas consideradas bactérias promotoras de crescimento vegetal (PGPB), visto que são capazes de atuar na produção de fitoestimulantes, biofertilizantes e substâncias de biocontrole. Estudos prévios identificaram bactérias Pseudomonas (isolados Ptl2 e Ptl3) associadas a raízes de Piper tuberculatum, uma piperácea de ocorrência na região amazônica com conhecida resistência ao Fusarium solani f. sp. piperis, agente causai da fusariose na pimenteira-do-reino (Piper nigrum L.). O presente estudo tem como objetivos a caracterização dos isolados Ptl2 e Pt 13 quanto à capacidade de produzir sideróforos, ácido indolacético (AIA) e solubilizar fosfatos. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram a capacidade de ambos os isolados em produzir AIA, principalmente quando na presença de maior concentração de triptofano, indicando se tratar de bactérias produtoras de AIA por vias biossintéticas dependentes deste aminoácido. O isolado Ptl2, previamente identificado como Pseudomonas putida, também foi capaz de produzir sideróforos quando cultivado nos meios LB líquido (Luria- Bertani) e TSB (Triptona de soja) e avaliado através de ensaios com CAS (Cromo azurol S). Além disto, quando cultivado em meio NBRIP este isolado foi capaz de solubilizar fosfato tri-cálcico, o que foi evidenciado por meio da formação de halos transparentes ao redor das colônias bacterianas em meio sólido, e pela reação com o reagente molibdênio azul em meio líquido, não observadas essas características no isolado Pt 13 nas condições do experimento. Concluindo que essas Pseudomonas possivelmente podem atuar no desenvolvimento vegetal caracterizando-as como bactérias promotoras do crescimento vegetal.Pseudomonas is a genus of gram-negative bactéria frequently found in soil or in symbiotic relationship with plants. When these bactéria occur into internai tissues of plants, they are denominated endophytic bactéria. Among them, some bactéria are known as Plant Growth- Promoting Bactéria (PGPB), since they are able to produce phytostimulators, biofertilizers and biocontrol substances. Previous studies have identified Pseudomonas bactéria (isolates Pt 12 and Pt 13) associated with roots of Piper tuberculatum, a piperaceae occurring in the Amazon region with known resistance to infection by Fusarium solani f. sp. piperis, causai agent of fusariosis of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.). The present study aims to characterize these two isolates regarding their abilities to produce siderophores and indoleacetic acid (IAA) and solubilize inorganic phosphates. Our results showed that isolates Pt 12 and Pt 13 were able to produce IAA, especially in the presence of high concentration of tryptophan, indicating that they are lAA-producing bactéria by tryptophan-dependent biosynthetic pathways. The isolate Pt 12, identified previously as a Pseudomonas putida, was also able to produce siderophores when cultivated on LB broth (Luria-Bertani) and TSB (Tryptone Soybean) media, and analyzed through CAS (Chrome Azurol S) assay. In addition, when cultivated in NBRIP médium the isolate Pt 12 was able to solubilize tri-calcium phosphate, which was showed by detection of transparent halos around the bacterial colonies and by the reaction with the molybdenum blue reagent in liquid médium, these characteristics were not observed in the isolated Pt 13 under the conditions of the experiment. Concluding that these Pseudomonas possibly can act in the development vegetal characterizing them like plant growth-promoting bactéria

Genetic and functional studies on the genes VAPB and VRK1 in two families Carrying Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

A Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica tipo 8, causada por mutações no gene VAPB, notabiliza-se pela grande variabilidade clínica e de início dos sintomas. Nesse trabalho, avaliamos possíveis fatores biológicos subjacentes a esse fenômeno. Identificamos dois pacientes que apresentavam uma manifestação branda dessa doença, aos quais denominamos ELA8 \"leves\", que foram comparados com outros três, com um curso clínico típico, classificados como ELA8 \"graves\". As análises genéticas através de a-CGH e exoma, não identificaram a presença de modificadores clássicos para essa doença. Células iPSCs foram derivadas para os três grupos experimentais (ELA8 \"graves\", \"leves\" e \"controles\". A partir desse modelo celular, neurônios motores foram então obtidos, e vários parâmetros funcionais e de expressão gênica puderam ser avaliados. Identificamos que os neurônios motores dos ELA8 \"leves\" possuíam níveis de metabolismo energético similares aos controles, bem como taxas de morte celular inferiores aos ELA8 \"severos\". Por outro lado, fomos também capazes de identificar 43 genes superexpressos e 66 hipoexpressos em comum entre os ELA8 \"leves\", quando comparados aos \"controles\" e \"severos\". A maioria desses estão relacionados a proteostase. A análise de Western blottings para proteínas marcadoras dessa via biológica (pMTOR, RPS6 e 4EBP1) confirmou esse achado, sugerindo a sua preponderância na mitigação da neurodegeneração em ELA8. Identificamos também uma grande família consanguínea portadora de um tipo autossômico recessivo de Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica. A avaliação clínica dos três afetados evidenciou a presença de alterações típicas de dano em neurônios motores superiores (hiperreflexia). O estudo do exoma dos afetados levou à identificação de uma mutação em homozigose no gene Vaccinia Related Kinase 1 (VRK1 p.R321C). A avaliação da segregação dessa variante na família confirmou sua presença apenas nos pacientes. Estudos funcionais serão, portanto, necessários para avaliar o papel dessa mutação no processo neurodegenerativo da ELA.Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis type 8, caused by mutations at VAPB gene, characterizes by its great clinical variability and onset of symptoms. In the present work, we evaluated the possible biological factors underlying this phenomenon. We identified two patients with a very mild manifestation of this disease, which we named ALS8 \"mild\", who were compared with three others, with a typical clinical course, classified as ALS8 \"severe\". Genetic analyses through a-CGH and exome sequencing did not identify the presence of classical modifiers for this disease. iPSC cells were derived for the three experimental groups (ALS8 \"severe\", \"mild\" and \"controls\"). By using this cellular model, motor neurons were obtained, and several functional parameters and gene expression were evaluated. We identified that the motor neurons from the \"mild\" ALS8 presented levels of energetic metabolism similar to controls, as well as less cell death rates, when compared to severe ALS8 individuals. We were also able to identify 43 overexpressed genes, and 66 underexpressed, in common between the \"mild\"ALS when compared to \"controls\" and \"severe\" patients. Most of them, were related to proteostasis. Western blotting for marker proteins of this biological pathway (pMTOR, RPS6 and 4EBP1) confirmed this finding, suggesting its importance for mitigating ALS8 neurodegeneration. We also identified a large consanguineous family presenting an autosomal recessive type of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Clinical evaluation of the three affected individuals evidenced the presence of typical alterations of upper motor neurons (hyperreflexia). Exome sequencing for the three patients led to the identification of a homozygous mutation in the gene Vaccinia Related Kinase 1 (VRK1> p.R321C). Segregation analyses of this variant in the family confirmed its presence only in the affected individuals. Functional studies will be necessary for evaluating the role of this genetic alteration in the ALS neurodegenerative process

Population and Computational Analysis of the MGEA6 P521A Variation as a Risk Factor for Familial Idiopathic Basal Ganglia Calcification (Fahr`s Disease)

Familial idiopathic basal ganglia calcification, also known as ""Fahr`s disease"" (FD), is a neuropsychiatric disorder with autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance and characterized by symmetric basal ganglia calcifications and, occasionally, other brain regions. Currently, there are three loci linked to this devastating disease. The first one (IBGC1) is located in 14q11.2-21.3 and the other two have been identified in 2q37 (IBGC2) and 8p21.1-q11.13 (IBGC3). Further studies identified a heterozygous variation (rs36060072) which consists in the change of the cytosine to guanine located at MGEA6/CTAGE5 gene, present in all of the affected large American family linked to IBGC1. This missense substitution, which induces changes of a proline to alanine at the 521 position (P521A), in a proline-rich and highly conserved protein domain was considered a rare variation, with a minor allele frequency (MAF) of 0.0058 at the US population. Considering that the population frequency of a given variation is an indirect indicative of potential pathogenicity, we screened 200 chromosomes in a random control set of Brazilian samples and in two nuclear families, comparing with our previous analysis in a US population. In addition, we accomplished analyses through bioinformatics programs to predict the pathogenicity of such variation. Our genetic screen found no P521A carriers. Polling these data together with the previous study in the USA, we have now a MAF of 0.0036, showing that this mutation is very rare. On the other hand, the bioinformatics analysis provided conflicting findings. There are currently various candidate genes and loci that could be involved with the underlying molecular basis of FD etiology, and other groups suggested the possible role played by genes in 2q37, related to calcium metabolism, and at chromosome 8 (NRG1 and SNTG1). Additional mutagenesis and in vivo studies are necessary to confirm the pathogenicity for variation in the P521A MGEA6.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)CNPq[2008-480149/2008-9]PROPESQ-UFPEPROPESQ-UFPECoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)CAPESFACEPE[APQ-0997-4.01/08]Fundação de Amparo à Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Pernambuco (FACEPE)PIBIC-UFPEPIBIC-UFPEConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Brazilian National Research Council (CNPq, Brasilia, Brazil)John Simon Guggenheim Foundation (New York, USA)John Simon Guggenheim Foundation (New York, USA