Spatial analysis of leptospirosis and toxoplasmosis seroprevalence in the canine population in an area of socioeconomic and environmental vulnerability

ABSTRACT Leptospirosis and toxoplasmosis are zoonoses of occupational character that are spread worldwide, mainly in tropical and socioeconomically vulnerable areas. Both diseases have vertebrate hosts, which spread the infectious agent to the environment and are potentially infectious to humans and can progress to fatal cases. The present study reinforces the importance of One Health for the control and prophylaxis of leptospirosis and toxoplasmosis using sentinel animals in areas of socioeconomic vulnerability based on a serological study. A total of 336 blood samples were obtained from the canine population of the urban district, which has high rates of poverty and sanitation. The results were analyzed based on seroreactivity animals and georeferencing by kernel spatial mapping. A total of 43.3% (52/120) of the animals were seroreagents for anti-Leptospira spp., with a predominance of Canicola (35/52 = 67.3%) and Pyrogenes (5/52 = 9.6%), while 52.97% (178/336) of the dogs were seroreactive for anti-Toxoplasma gondii. The presence of seroreagent dogs for both zoonosis alert to the inadequate hygienic-sanitary conditions of the studied region, and highlight the importance of a survey of the social, economic and environmental structure to identify factors related to the links in the epidemiological chain of pathogen transmission and necessary corrective actions

Utilização de diferentes metodologias para determinação da área de olho de lombo em ovinos

The accuracy of the methodologies: UNESP- Grade, Grade, Geometric, compared to AutoCad, in determining of the area rib eye-AOL was studied. Forty Santa Inês intact male lambs with different body weights were used. Left half carcasses were conducted a cross-sectional at the level of 13 th rib and the first lumbar vertebra, for measuring AOL, by tracing the outline of muscle on plastic sheet of transparency and appropriate pen. We performed a quantitative analysis of the model accuracy using mean absolute percentage error, to measure the deviations. The lesser deviation was observed for Grade-UNESP, followed by the Grade and Geometric. Grade-UNESP method proved to be the more accurate compared to AutoCad, economically viable and applicable in the slaughter program, it was the most recommended for lamb carcass.Foi avaliada a precisão das metodologias: Grade-UNESP, Grade, Geométrico, comparadas ao AutoCad, na determinação da área de olho de lombo-AOL de 40 ovinos inteiros Santa Inês com diferentes pesos corporais. Na meia-carcaça esquerda, foi realizado um corte transversal, à altura da 13a costela com a primeira vértebra lombar, para a mensuração AOL, através do traçado do contorno do músculo em folha plástica de transparência e caneta apropriada. Foi realiza- da uma análise quantitativa de precisão utilizando o modelo percentual do erro médio absoluto, para avaliar os desvios. A metodologia que apresentou menor desvio foi a Grade-UNESP, seguidos da Grade e o Geométrico. O método Grade-UNESP mostrou-se o mais preciso comparado ao AutoCad, economicamente viável e aplicável dentro da programação de abate, sendo o mais recomenda- do para carcaça ovina

Uso de SAD no apoio à decisão na destinação de resíduos plásticos e gestão de materiais

Este estudo tem como objetivo principal auxiliar dois processos decisórios por meio da análise de dois estudos de caso sobre gestão de resíduos e gestão de materiais. No primeiro estuda-se a destinação de resíduos plásticos pós-consumo e, no segundo, consequências da troca do material da embalagem utilizada. Para tanto, foram definidos critérios e fatores que permitem verificar a influência das possíveis alternativas praticadas em relação à necessidade de se alcançar e manter a sustentabilidade ambiental na gestão de resíduos e materiais. Para tanto, utilizou-se como ferramenta de pesquisa a Metodologia de Análise Multicritério THOR e o software que lhe dá suporte.<br>This study has as main purpose to assist two decision processes by the analysis of two case studies about waste management and material management. In the first case was considered a pos-consume plastic waste disposal and in the second one the consequences of changing the package's material. Thus, were defined criteria and factors that allow verifying the influence of the possible practiced alternatives considering the necessity of reaching and maintaining the environmental sustainability in waste and material management. This paper used as research tool the THOR Multicriteria Analysis Methodology and the respective software that gives support

Poedeiras alimentadas com diferentes níveis de energia e oleo de soja na ração

The aim of this work was to evaluate increasing levels of energy and soybean oil on performance and internal and external egg quality. Three hundred and sixty semi-heavy laying hens Bovans Goldline, 29 week-old, were used, during five periods of 28 days each. It was used a completely randomized design, in a double factorial (3 x 3), totaling nine treatments, with five replicates of eight birds each. Studied factors were soybean oil (1, 2 and 3%) and energy (2600, 2750 and 2900 kcal EMkg-1) levels on diet. No interaction was observed among soybean oil and metabolizable energy. Soybean oil did not promote effect over none of the evaluated parameters. No effect was observed for energy levels on egg production, feed conversion, egg mass, yolk and shell weight, yolk and albumen percentage and specific gravity. Differences were observed for feed conversion, egg and albumen weight and shell percentage, given that the highest weights were observed at the lowest energy level and the highest percentage was observed at the highest energy level. Providing 2600 kcal EMkg-1 was more suitable in order to keep production and body weight and also to promote improvement on energetic conversion and an increase on egg weight.Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos de níveis crescentes de energia e de óleo de soja sobre o desempenho e a qualidade interna e externa dos ovos de poedeiras semipesadas. Foram utilizadas 360 poedeiras comerciais da linhagem Bovans Goldline, com 29 semanas de idade, durante cinco períodos de 28 dias, distribuídas num delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 3 x 3, totalizando 9 tratamentos com 5 repetições de oito aves cada. Os fatores estudados foram níveis de óleo de soja (1, 2 e 3%) e níveis de energia metabolizável na ração (2600, 2750 e 2900 kcal/kg). Não foi observada interação entre os níveis do óleo de soja e a energia metabolizável da dieta. Os níveis de óleo de soja não promoveram efeito para nenhum dos parâmetros avaliados. Os níveis de energia metabolizável não influenciaram a produção de ovos, conversão alimentar, massa de ovos, peso de gema e de casca, percentagem de gema e de clara e gravidade específica. Foram observadas diferenças para conversão energética, peso do ovo e de clara, e percentagem de casca, sendo os maiores pesos observados no menor nível de energia e a maior percentagem observada no maior nível de energia. O fornecimento de 2600 kcal de EM/kg foi mais adequado para manter a produção e o peso corporal e para promover melhoria na conversão energética e aumento no peso do ovo

Severe scorpion envenomation in Brazil: clinical, laboratory and anatomopathological aspects Escorpionismo grave no Brasil: aspectos clínicos, laboratoriais e anatomopatológicos

Scorpion stings in Brazil are important not only because of their incidence but also for their potential ability to induce severe, and often fatal, clinical situations, especially among children. In this report we present the clinical and laboratory data of 4 patients victims of scorpion stings by T. serrulatus, who developed heart failure and pulmonary edema, with 3 of them dying within 24 hours of the sting. Anatomopathologic study of these patients revealed diffuse areas of myocardiocytolysis in addition to pulmonary edema. The surviving child presented enzymatic, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic changes compatible with severe cardiac involvement, which were reversed within 5 days. These findings reinforce the need for continuous monitoring of patients with severe scorpion envenoming during the hours immediately following the sting.<br>Os acidentes escorpiônicos no Brasil, assumem grande importancia não só pela sua incidência como pela sua potencialidade em induzir quadros clínicos graves, muitas vezes fatais, principalmente em crianças. Apresentamos neste relato os dados clínicos e laboratoriais de 4 pacientes vítimas de escorpionismo, causado pelo T. serrulatus, que evoluíram com falência cardíaca e edema pulmonar, sendo que 3 foram a óbito dentro das primeiras 24 horas após acidente. O estudo anátomopatológico desses pacientes revelou áreas de miocardiocitólise, além do edema pulmonar. Na criança que sobreviveu foram detectadas alterações enzimáticas, eletro e ecocardiográficas compatíveis com grave comprometimento cardíaco, reversíveis dentro de 5 dias. Tais achados reafirmam a necessidade de monitorização contínua no paciente com escorpionismo grave, nas horas subsequentes ao envenenamento

The occurrence of mycotoxins in breast milk, fruit products and cereal-based infant formula: a review

Background: Breast milk is considered an essential food segment for children up to 6 months; however, it can be contaminated with some mycotoxins, such as aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) and ochratoxin A (OTA) as a consequence of ingestion of dietary mycotoxins by lactating mothers. Moreover, the health of infants can be threatened due to simultaneous exposure to a mixture of mycotoxins mainly due to their potential synergistic effects. Scope and approach: An overview of the prevalence of mycotoxins in breast milk and infant formula, fruit- and cereal-based products as routine diets of infants during the last 10 years, besides the associated health risks, were presented. In this regard, the relevant citations published in international databases such as PubMed, Science direct from 2008 to 2019 were screened by the aid of a systematic review approach. Key findings and conclusions: The high prevalence of AFM1 and OTA in breast milk reported in several countries highlighted the extent of mycotoxin occurrence in the diet of lactating mothers. Furthermore, the exposure rates of infants to mycotoxins in breast milk and infant formula while generated a margin of exposure values lower than 10,000, indicating a huge public health concern. Thus, reducing the dietary exposure of mycotoxins for lactating mothers and approaching the required controlling steps during the processing and distribution of infant formulas are crucial. Further studies are recommended to evaluate the health risks to infants due to dietary exposure to multiple mycotoxins in infant foods.Highlights: Assessment of 73 studies on mycotoxin occurrence in breast milk and infant foods during 2008–2019; AFM1 and OTA were the main occurring mycotoxins in breast milk and infant foods; High health risks associated with the exposure of children to dietary aflatoxins; Co-occurrence of mycotoxins in fruit products and cereal-based infant formula should be a concern.The authors would like to thank Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) for the fellowship (Grant #2017/12956-2). A.S. Sant'Ana acknowledges the financial support from CNPq (Grant #302763/2014-7, #305804/2017-0) and CAPES (Financial code 01). This work was also supported by the National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Projeto Incentivo de Estudos de Biomonitorização Humana de Âmbito Nacional | BioMAN [BioMAN/DAN/01] and CESAM, through the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia [UID/AMB/50017/2013], national funds, and the co-funding by the FEDER [POCI-01-0145-FEDER-00763], within the PT2020 Partnership.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Suplementação de vacas leiteiras com homeopatia: células somáticas do leite, cortisol e imunidade

Avaliou-se o efeito da suplementação de uma combinação homeopática sobre a contagem de células somáticas do leite (CCS), o teor sanguíneo de cortisol e a resposta de anticorpos neutralizantes antivírus da raiva de vacas leiteiras. Trinta e duas vacas Holandesas em lactação foram blocadas em pares e aleatoriamente alocadas a um de dois tratamentos por 63 dias, posterior a um período de padronização de 14 dias. A CCS mensurada no final da padronização ajustou os valores semanais de CCS no modelo de análise estatística. Os tratamentos foram: 150 gramas de uma combinação homeopática (Hypothalamus, 10-30; Colibacilinum, 10-30; Streptococus Beta Hemolyticum, 10-60; Streptococus Uberis, 10-60; Phytolacca, 10-60; Calcium Phosphoricum, 10-30; Natrum Muriaticum, 10-60; Urtica Urens, 10-30; Silicea Terra, 10-400) em veículo mineral, ou 150 gramas do mesmo veículo mineral (controle). A homeopatia tendeu a aumentar a CCS de 124 para 222 x1.000 células mL-1 (P=0,09) e a CCS linearizada (P=0,08). Não foram detectados efeitos de tratamento sobre a concentração sérica de cortisol após estresse induzido por aspiração percutânea do saco ventral do rúmen (P=0,59) ou sobre o título de anticorpos neutralizantes em resposta à vacinação antivírus da raiva (P=0,40). A suplementação com homeopatia tendeu a aumentar a CCS de vacas com baixa CCS