Electrochemical treatment of aluminium alloy 7075 in aqueous solutions of imidazolium phosphonate and phosphate ionic liquids and scratch resistance of the resultant materials

The abilitiy of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethylphosphonate ([ImPhosphonate]) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium diethylphosphate ([ImPhosphate]) ionic liquids (ILs) to interact with anodized Al7075 T6 aluminium alloy has been studied via electrochemical techniques under different applied potentials, inside and outside the passivation regions. SEM, EDX and XPS analysis have been used to study the composition of the surface coatings. The abrasion resistance after treatment with the ILs has been studied by scratch tests under progressive load, and compared with the performance of the unprotected material and the anodized alloy. While conventional anodization only improves the abrasion resistance of Al7075 in a 30%, the maximum reduction of the penetration depth, 86% with respect to Al7075 and 79% with respect to the anodized alloy, is obtained for the material treated with [ImPhosphonate] at 1 V, in the passivation region. Under these conditions, a phosphorus-containing alumina layer is formed. Applied voltages outside the passivation region for each IL activate the dissolution of the alumina layer and reduce abrasion resistance, not only with respect to the anodized material, but also with respect to the unprotected alloy.This work received the financial support of the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO, Spain) and the EU FEDER Program (Grant MAT2014-55384-P), and the Fundación Séneca, Agencia de Ciencia y Tecnología de la Región de Murcia for a “Ayuda a las Unidades y Grupos de Excelencia Científica de la Región de Murcia (Programa Séneca 2014)” (Grant 19877/GERM/14)

Towards a one parameter equation for a silo discharging model with inclined outlets

Experiments on the discharge of a silo with an inclined outlet are performed for three types of seeds. The angle of inclination is varied to cover the complete range from 0° to 90°. The theoretical description of the flow rate behavior as a function of the aperture angle is achieved taking into account the two types of regimes present in the problem: funnel and mass flow. The former is assumed to be dominated by arch formation- destruction and, consequently, a free falling down of the particles from the arch dome is able to predict the experimental behavior through the addition of just one parameter closely related to the geometry of the arch. The second regime is described through a radial velocity picture for the flow streams close to the silo aperture and a numerical integration allows calculating the expected flow with good results. Finally, with the hypothesis that radial velocity can always be used as a good approximation for flow streams, an equation valid for all the range of angles is derived with the inclusion of just one parameter related to the drag force exerted by the flow on the particles. The challenge of one parameter equation for describing the mass flow rate in a wedged hopper is achieved and discussed.Fil: Villagrán Olivares, Marcela Camila. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto de Física Aplicada "Dr. Jorge Andrés Zgrablich". Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas y Naturales. Instituto de Física Aplicada "Dr. Jorge Andrés Zgrablich"; ArgentinaFil: Benito, Jesica Gisele. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto de Física Aplicada "Dr. Jorge Andrés Zgrablich". Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas y Naturales. Instituto de Física Aplicada "Dr. Jorge Andrés Zgrablich"; ArgentinaFil: Uñac, Rodolfo Omar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto de Física Aplicada "Dr. Jorge Andrés Zgrablich". Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas y Naturales. Instituto de Física Aplicada "Dr. Jorge Andrés Zgrablich"; ArgentinaFil: Vidales, Ana Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto de Física Aplicada "Dr. Jorge Andrés Zgrablich". Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas y Naturales. Instituto de Física Aplicada "Dr. Jorge Andrés Zgrablich"; Argentin

Biological control of Ctenarytaina eucalypti (Hem.: Psyllidae), pest of eucalyptus in Argentina

El objetivo de la presente nota técnica es registrar la presencia en Argentina del parasitoide Psyllaephagus pilosus Noyes (Hym.: Encyrtidae), enemigo natural específico de una plaga de los eucaliptos recientemente introducida, Ctenarytaina eucalypti (Maskell) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae). Ambas especies son originarias de Australia e ingresaron accidentalmente en nuestro país. Se mencionan características importantes tanto de la plaga como de su agente de control y se brinda la bibliografía más importante relacionada con el tema.To record the presence in Argentina of the parasitoid Psyllaephagus pilosus Noyes (Hym.: Encyrtidae) an specific natural enemy of a recent introduced pest of eucalyptus, Ctenarytaina eucalypti (Maskell) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), is the objective of the present technical note. Although the home range of both species is Australia, they were accidentally introduced in our country. Some important characteristics of the pest and its biological control agent are mentioned, and the most relevant literature on the subject is provided.Fil: Fidalgo, Alberto Antonio P.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja. - Universidad Nacional de La Rioja. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja. - Universidad Nacional de Catamarca. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja. - Secretaría de Industria y Minería. Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja. - Provincia de La Rioja. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja; ArgentinaFil: Olivares, Tania S.. Universidad de Concepción; ChileFil: de Haro, Ana Maria. Universidad Nacional de Lujan. Departamento de Tecnología. Laboratorio de Zoología Agrícola; ArgentinaFil: Barañao, Justo Jose. Universidad Nacional de Luján; Argentin

Causas De La Rotación De Personal Operativo De Una Empresa Contratista En La Unidad Minera San Cristóbal, Yauli-Junín-2017

El presente trabajo de investigación titulado “Causas de la rotación de personal operativo de una empresa contratista en la Unidad Minera San Cristóbal–Yauli-Junín 2017” tiene como propósito dar a conocer la importancia de la rotación de personal como factor determinante en el logro de objetivos y metas. Del estudio realizado se desprende que las principales causas que motivan una alta rotación en la empresa de servicios son debidas a la insatisfacción laboral que perciben los trabajadores debido a una baja política remunerativa, falta de comunicación entre jefes-subordinados, la interrupción de capacitaciones por priorización del trabajo operativo, así como las deficientes condiciones de habitabilidad. Es por ello que mediante el diagnóstico organizacional, se presentarán las propuestas de mejora, las cuales buscan optimizar y fortalecer la situación actual de la empresa.The present research work entitled "Causes of the rotation of the operational staff of a contractor company in the Mine Unit San Cristóbal -Yauli-Junín 2017" has a purpose to know the importance of the rotation of the personnel as a determining factor in the achievement of objectives and goals. The study carried out shows that the main causes of high turnover in the service company are due to job dissatisfaction perceived by the services, which result in low remunerative policy, lack of communication between subordinate chiefs, interruption of capacities by prioritization The conditions of habitability. It is therefore, through the organizational diagnosis, proposals for improvement are presented, which seek to optimize and strengthen the current situation of the company.Trabajo de investigació

Immigrant IBD Patients in Spain Are Younger, Have More Extraintestinal Manifestations and Use More Biologics Than Native Patients

Crohn's disease; Immigrant; Inflammatory bowel diseaseEnfermedad de Crohn; Inmigrante; Enfermedad inflamatoria intestinalMalaltia de Crohn; Immigrant; Malaltia inflamatòria de l'intestíBackground: Previous studies comparing immigrant ethnic groups and native patients with IBD have yielded clinical and phenotypic differences. To date, no study has focused on the immigrant IBD population in Spain. Methods: Prospective, observational, multicenter study comparing cohorts of IBD patients from ENEIDA-registry who were born outside Spain with a cohort of native patients. Results: We included 13,524 patients (1,864 immigrant and 11,660 native). The immigrants were younger (45 ± 12 vs. 54 ± 16 years, p < 0.001), had been diagnosed younger (31 ± 12 vs. 36 ± 15 years, p < 0.001), and had a shorter disease duration (14 ± 7 vs. 18 ± 8 years, p < 0.001) than native patients. Family history of IBD (9 vs. 14%, p < 0.001) and smoking (30 vs. 40%, p < 0.001) were more frequent among native patients. The most prevalent ethnic groups among immigrants were Caucasian (41.5%), followed by Latin American (30.8%), Arab (18.3%), and Asian (6.7%). Extraintestinal manifestations, mainly musculoskeletal affections, were more frequent in immigrants (19 vs. 11%, p < 0.001). Use of biologics, mainly anti-TNF, was greater in immigrants (36 vs. 29%, p < 0.001). The risk of having extraintestinal manifestations [OR: 2.23 (1.92-2.58, p < 0.001)] and using biologics [OR: 1.13 (1.0-1.26, p = 0.042)] was independently associated with immigrant status in the multivariate analyses. Conclusions: Compared with native-born patients, first-generation-immigrant IBD patients in Spain were younger at disease onset and showed an increased risk of having extraintestinal manifestations and using biologics. Our study suggests a featured phenotype of immigrant IBD patients in Spain, and constitutes a new landmark in the epidemiological characterization of immigrant IBD populations in Southern Europe

Síndrome de Jackson-Lawler. A propósito de un caso

We present a 27-year-old male patient of mixed race, with a history of plantar keratoderma, who attended a specialized   in the Celia Sánchez Manduley clinical teaching hospital due to exacerbation of the lesions, accompanied by severe pain when walking; the physical examination revealed the presence of disseminated cystic lesions, nail hypertrophy and alopecia. The case is concluded as a Jackson-Lawler syndrome, highlighting its infrequence in the environment, the impact on the quality of life and the psychological impact generated on the patient and the importance of genetic counseling to them, in order to prevent future generations affected.Se presenta paciente masculino de 27 años de edad, de raza mestiza, con antecedentes de queratodermia plantar, que acude a consulta especializada de dermatología en el hospital clínico quirúrgico docente Celia Sánchez Manduley por exacerbación de las lesiones, acompañadas de dolor intenso al caminar; evidenciándose al examen físico la presencia de lesiones quísticas diseminadas, hipertrofia ungueal y alopecia. Se concluye caso como síndrome de Jackson-Lawler, resaltando su infrecuencia en el medio, la afectación de calidad de vida e impacto psicológico generada al paciente y la importancia del asesoramiento genético al mismo, con el fin de prevenir futuras generaciones afectadas

El proceso decisorio en la estimaci?n de metas presupuestarias: un estudio comparativo entre Brasil y Per?

This study aimed to check if there are differences in the decision-making behavior of employees who work in companies located in Brazil or Peru, when these officials make estimates of budget targets. As a theoretical basis for the analysis of the decision process, we presented a model that considers issues of economics, psychology and cognitive neuroscience. The study of a descriptive quantitative nature is characterized as a Survey. For the data collection at this stage, an electronic questionnaire with 30 closed questions was developed, using a 10-point ordinal scale, and the following totals were obtained: in Brazil (303 respondents) and in Peru (73 respondents). We analyzed the data using the structural equations technique (PLS-SEM method). The results show that there are similarities and differences in the behavior of managers in Brazil and Peru. In both Brazil and Peru, information-selection mechanisms affect rational decisions such as those based on expertise; in Brazil the socio-affective aspects affect the rational decision, but not the decision by the expert, whereas in Peru affects the two types of decision. The relationship between the search for information and socio-affective factors in rational decision-making or expertise varies in the different countries, but the proposed structural model for analysis of the decision process remains.Este estudio tuvo como objetivo comprobar si hay diferencias en el comportamiento decisorio de funcionarios que act?an en empresas situadas en Brasil o en Per?, cuando estos funcionarios realizan estimaciones de metas presupuestales. Como base te?rica para el an?lisis del proceso de toma de decisi?n se present? un modelo que considera temas de econom?a, psicolog?a y neurociencia cognitiva. El estudio de naturaleza cuantitativa descriptiva, se caracteriza como un Survey. Para la recolecci?n de datos en esa etapa se desarroll? un cuestionario electr?nico con 30 preguntas cerradas, usando una escala ordinal de 10 puntos, con el cual se obtuvieron los siguientes totales: en Brasil (303 encuestados) y en Per? (73 encuestados). Los datos fueron analizados emple?ndose ecuaciones estructurales (m?todo PLS-SEM). Los resultados muestran que hay semejanzas y diferencias en el comportamiento de los gestores en Brasil y Per?. Tanto en Brasil como en Per? los mecanismos para selecci?n de la informaci?n afectan la decisi?n racional como la que se basa en expertos; en Brasil los aspectos socio afectivos afectan la decisi?n racional, pero no la decisi?n por expertos, mientras que en Per? ella afecta a los dos tipos de decisi?n; el peso de las relaciones entre b?squeda de la informaci?n y factores socio afectivos sobre la decisi?n racional o sobre el expertos var?an dentro de los diferentes pa?ses, pero el modelo estructural propuesto para an?lisis del proceso de decisi?n se mantiene

Bacteria-Carried Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Treatment of Anemia

The efficiency of maghemite nanoparticles for the treatment of anemia was sensibly higher when nanoparticles were incorporated onto the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus fermentum (MNP-bacteria) than when administrated as uncoated nanoparticles (MNP). Plasma iron and hemoglobin, intestine expression of divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) and duodenal Cytochrome b (DcytB), as well as hepatic expression of the hormone hepcidin were fully restored to healthy levels after administration of MNP-bacteria but not of MNP. A magnetic study on biodistribution and biodegradation showed accumulation of maghemite nanoparticles in intestine lumen when MNP-bacteria were administrated. In contrast, MNP barely reached intestine. In vivo MRI studies suggested the internalization of MNP-bacteria into enterocytes, which did not occur with MNP. Transmission electronic microscopy confirmed this internalization. The collective analysis of results point out that L. fermentum is an excellent carrier to overcome the stomach medium and drive maghemite nanoparticles to intestine, where iron absorption occurs. Due the probiotic ability to adhere to the gut wall, MNP-bacteria internalize into the enterocyte, where maghemite nanoparticles are delivered, providing an adequate iron level into enterocyte. This paper advances a new route for effective iron absorption in the treatment of anemia.The efficiency of maghemite nanoparticles for the treatment of anemia was sensibly higher when nanoparticles were incorporated onto the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus fermentum (MNP-bacteria) than when administrated as uncoated nanoparticles (MNP). Plasma iron and hemoglobin, intestine expression of divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) and duodenal Cytochrome b (DcytB), as well as hepatic expression of the hormone hepcidin were fully restored to healthy levels after administration of MNP-bacteria but not of MNP. A magnetic study on biodistribution and biodegradation showed accumulation of maghemite nanoparticles in intestine lumen when MNP-bacteria were administrated. In contrast, MNP barely reached intestine. In vivo MRI studies suggested the internalization of MNP-bacteria into enterocytes, which did not occur with MNP. Transmission electronic microscopy confirmed this internalization. The collective analysis of results point out that L. fermentum is an excellent carrier to overcome the stomach medium and drive maghemite nanoparticles to intestine, where iron absorption occurs. Due the probiotic ability to adhere to the gut wall, MNP-bacteria internalize into the enterocyte, where maghemite nanoparticles are delivered, providing an adequate iron level into enterocyte. This paper advances a new route for effective iron absorption in the treatment of anemia

Decidualized human decidual stromal cells inhibit chemotaxis of activated T cells: a potential mechanism of maternal-fetal immune tolerance

BackgroundNumerous lines of evidence confirm that decidual stromal cells (DSCs) play a key role in maternal–fetal immune tolerance. Under the influence of progesterone and other hormones, the DSCs go through a process of differentiation (decidualization) during normal pregnancy. In mice, DSCs inhibit the expression of chemokines that attract abortigenic Th1 and Tc cells to the decidua. We have studied this phenomenon in humans.MethodsWe established human DSC lines and decidualized these cells in vitro with progesterone and cAMP. We determined the expression of the chemokines CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11, whose receptor CXCR3 is expressed by Th1 and Tc cells, in undifferentiated DSCs and decidualized DSCs by qRT-PCR. Activated CD3+CXCR3+ cells, including CD4+ Th1 cells and CD8+ Tc cells, were induced in vitro. The migration capacity of these activated lymphocytes was investigated in Transwell chambers with conditioned media from undifferentiated and decidualized DSCs.ResultsWe demonstrated that CXCL9 was not expressed by DSCs, whereas the expression of CXCL10 and CXCL11 was inhibited in decidualized cells. Conditioned media from decidualized cells significantly inhibited the migration of Th1 and Tc cells. We found that decidualized cells secrete factors of MW less than 6000–8000 Da, which actively inhibit the chemotaxis of these lymphocytes.DiscussionThese results confirm in humans that decidualization of DSCs inhibits the expression by these cells of chemokines that attract Th1 and Tc cells and induces the secretion by DSCs of factors that inhibit the chemotaxis of these lymphocytes, thus preventing the arrival of abortigenic T cells in the decidua

Formulation of dietetic blueberry (Vaccinium Corymbosum L.) and mango (Mangífera Indica L.) jam

Introducción: En nuestro país, el consumo de azúcares simples excede las recomendaciones nacionales por lo cual, la industria alimentaria juega un papel importante desarrollando nuevas formulaciones con características saludables. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue formular y determinar la composición química de mermeladas dietéticas de arándano (MDA) y mango (MDM). Metodología: Se empleó arándano, mango, aditivos y sucralosa en concentraciones de 0,10; 0,14 y 0,18 g%. Aplicando prueba de preferencia (Tablas de Newell y Mc Farlane), se determinó el porcentaje de edulcorante definitivo. El tratamiento térmico en la elaboración de la mermelada dietética de arándano fue de 220 minutos a 95ºC, con un valor de 27,50ºBrix, en la de mango el tiempo de cocción fue de 82 minutos a 96ºC, con un total de 30,67ºBrix. En las mermeladas dietéticas preferidas se evaluó la aceptabilidad y los análisis de composición físico-química de pH, sólidos solubles, actividad de agua, humedad, cenizas, sodio, hidratos de carbono, fibra cruda y proteínas. Resultados: Las mermeladas se formularon siguiendo el procedimiento tradicional. La concentración de edulcorante preferida en MDA fue del 0,14g% y en MDM de 0,18g%. La aceptabilidad fue elevada, 92% y 98% para los productos de arándano y mango respectivamente. Los análisis físico-químicos en MDA y MDM fueron: pH 4,40 y 4,76, sólidos solubles 27,50 y 30,67ºBrix, actividad de agua 0,97 en ambas, humedad 74,05 y 75,14 g/100g, cenizas 0,30 y 0,79 g/100g, sodio 61,80 y 59,26 mg/100g, hidratos de carbono 25,30 y 23,30 g/100g, fibra cruda 2,12 y 1,24 g/100g, proteínas 0,84 y 0,85 g/100g, valor calórico total 104,56 y 96,60 Kcal/100. Conclusiones: Fue factible la formulación de mermeladas dietéticas de arándano y mango reducidas en su valor calórico y glucídico. Ambas presentaron atributos sensoriales adecuados y resultaron aceptables por la mayoría de los consumidores.Introduction: In our country, the consumption of sugars exceeds the national recommendations; therefore the food industry plays a fundamental role by developing new formulations with healthy characteristics. The aim of this study was to formulate and determine the chemical composition of dietetic blueberry (DBJ) and mango (DMJ) jam. Methodology: The ingredients used were blueberry, mango, additives and sucralose containing concentrations of 0,10; 0,14 and 0,18g%. Applying preference test (Newell and Mc Farlane Tables), the final percentage of sweetener was defined. The heat treatment in the elaboration of blueberry jam was of 220 minutes at 95ºC, with a value of 27,50ºBrix, in the mango one, of 82 minutes at 96ºC, with a total of 30,67ºBrix. In the preferred dietetic jams, acceptability and physico-chemical composition (pH, soluble solids, water activity, moisture, ashes, sodium, carbohydrates, crude fibre and proteins) were evaluated. Results: Dietetic jams were formulated following the traditional procedure. The preferred sweetener concentration in the DBJ was of 0,14g% and in the DMJ, it was of 0,18g%. The acceptability was high, 92% and 98% for the blueberry and mango products respectively. The physico-chemical analysis on the DBJ and DMJ resulted as follows: pH 4,40 and 4,76, soluble solids 27,50 and 30,67ºBrix, water activity 0,97 for both, moisture 74,05 and 75,14g/100g, ashes 0,30 and 0,79g/100g, sodium 61,80 and 59,26mg/100g, carbohydrates 25,30 and 23,30g/100g, crude fiber 2,12 and 1,24g/100g, proteins 0,84 and 0,85g/100g, total caloric value 104,56 and 96,60Kcal/100. Conclusions: The formulation of dietetic blueberry and mango jams reduced in calories and carbohydrates was feasible. Both presented suitable sensory attributes and were acceptable by most consumers.Fil: Olivares la Madrid, Ana Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química; ArgentinaFil: Valdiviezo, A. S.. Universidad Nacional de Salta; ArgentinaFil: Ramón, Adriana Noemí. Universidad Nacional de Salta; ArgentinaFil: Uriburu Monasterio, Maria Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química; ArgentinaFil: Jimenez, P.. No especifíca