Antiviral Activities of Sulfated Polysaccharides Isolated from Sphaerococcus coronopifolius (Rhodophytha, Gigartinales) and Boergeseniella thuyoides (Rhodophyta, Ceramiales)

Water-soluble sulfated polysaccharides isolated from two red algae Sphaerococcus coronopifolius (Gigartinales, Sphaerococcaceae) and Boergeseniella thuyoides (Ceramiales, Rhodomelaceae) collected on the coast of Morocco inhibited in vitro replication of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) at 12.5 μg/mL. In addition, polysaccharides were capable of inhibiting the in vitro replication of Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) on Vero cells values of EC50 of 4.1 and 17.2 μg/mL, respectively. The adsorption step of HSV-1 to the host cell seems to be the specific target for polysaccharide action. While for HIV-1, these results suggest a direct inhibitory effect on HIV-1 replication by controlling the appearance of the new generations of virus and potential virucidal effect. The polysaccharides from S. coronopifolius (PSC) and B. thuyoides (PBT) were composed of galactose, 3,6-anhydrogalactose, uronics acids, sulfate in ratios of 33.1, 11.0, 7.7 and 24.0% (w/w) and 25.4, 16.0, 3.2, 7.6% (w/w), respectively

Recherche de substances anti-virales chez l'huître creuse, Crassostrea gigas

LA ROCHELLE-BU (173002101) / SudocSudocFranceF

In vitro research of anti-HSV-1 activity in different extracts from Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas

Mortalities related to the detection of Ostreid Herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1) have been previously reported in France among larvae and spat of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. Adult oysters appear less sensitive to herpesvirus infections, although OsHV-1 has been detected in adults without signs of disease or mortality. This suggests that the virus is able to persist in its host and that adult oysters may be able to control OsHV-1 infection. Little is known about antiviral substances in invertebrates. The present work concerns the research of antiviral substances in adult oyster C. gigas, where putative antiviral activities were monitored using 3 strategies: (1) in metabolites with variable polarity, (2) in peptidic extracts and (3) in crude haemolymph. In vitro antiviral assays were based on inhibition of Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) replication in Vero cell monolayers. All extracts presented no cytotoxicity. Antiviral activity was detected in the fresh filtered haemolymph (EC50:425 mu g ml(-1)) and seasonal variation of the haemolymph antiviral activity was monitored

Monitoring snowbed vegetation in the Pyrenees: FloraPyr Interreg project

Trabajo presentado en el 26th Congress of the European Vegetation Survey, celebrado en Bilbao (España), del 13 al 16 de septiembre de 2017The FLORAPYR project (European Interreg project for years 2016-2019) is the continuation of a previous European project (2012-2014). One of our main objectives is to develop a unified monitoring protocol for snowbed vegetations within the Pyrenean range in the context of global warming, involving eight conservation and research organisations from three countries. Among the different plant communities inhabiting snowpatches, we focus on those dominated by Salix herbacea L. (Salicion herbaceae Br.-Bl. 1948). Our monitoring specifically aims at recording the floristic composition, the phenology and the environmental conditions – microclimate and soil – in the permanent plots. As accessing the different localities can be a challenging and time consuming process, the protocol was developed to ensure that the time invested in monitoring each site is limited to a few hours, thereby maximising the data collected. In addition, the response of Salix herbacea L. to warming will be assessed by means of open top chambers, set in four representative localities. We chose 14 snowbed localities distributed throughout the whole Pyrenees. In each locality, we established three permanent plots of 3 × 1 m, divided into 12 subplots of 0.5 × 0.5 m, following the snowmelt gradient and including the optimum and the margins of the Salix herbacea L. populations. Surveys are conducted four times yearly, every three weeks between the first week of July and the second week of September. We present our first results regarding the ongoing characterisation of Pyrenean Salix herbacea L. stands in terms of floristic richness, phenology and microclimatic conditions.Peer reviewe

Traditional medicine and pharmacopoeia in South West Burkina Faso. Medicinal plants from fallow areas: study, management and promotion

Note portant sur l’auteur Note portant sur l’auteur Note portant sur l’auteur Note portant sur l’auteur Note portant sur l’auteur Burkina Faso, Fallows, Medicinal Plants, Traditional medicine Introduction Fallow areas have an important place in the traditional territory organization in Africa. Traditional medicine and pharmacopoeia are among human activities that occurs in fallow areas through the collecting of medicinal plants. Ethnobotanical studies were conducted about traditional medicine..

Putative antiviral activity in hemolymph from adult Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas

International audienceInnate, non-specific resistance mechanisms are important to pathogens, particularly for delaying virus replication at the onset of infection. Innate immunity constitutes the first line of defense in vertebrates and is the only one in invertebrates. Little is known about possible antiviral substances in invertebrates. The present work concerns a study of antiviral substances in hemolymph from adult Crassostrea gigas oysters. Despite the detection of cytotoxicity in fresh filtered hemolymph for both mammalian (CC50: 750_g/ml) and fish cells (CC50: >2000_g/ml for EPC cells and 345 _g/ml for RTG-2 cells), an antiviral substance was detected. Fresh filtered hemolymph was capable of inhibiting the replication of herpes simplex virus type 1 in vitro at an EC50 of 425_g/ml (total proteins) and the replication of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus in EPC and RTG-2 cells at 217 and 156 _g/ml (total proteins), respectively

Rapid Access to Acyclic Nucleosides via Conjugate Addition.

International audienceAbstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text