Biological effects of deuteronation: ATP synthase as an example

BACKGROUND: In nature, deuterium/hydrogen ratio is ~1/6600, therefore one of ~3300 water (H(2)O) molecules is deuterated (HOD + D(2)O). In body fluids the ratio of deuterons to protons is ~1/15000 because of the lower ionization constant of heavy water. The probability of deuteronation rather than protonation of Asp 61 on the subunit c of F(0 )part of ATP synthase is also ~1/15000. The contribution of deuteronation to the pKa of Asp 61 is 0.35. THEORY AND DISCUSSION: In mitochondria, the release of a deuteron into the matrix side half-channel of F(0 )is likely to be slower than that of a proton. As another example, deuteronation may slow down electron transfer in the electron transport chain (ETC) by interfering with proton coupled electron transport reactions (PCET), and increase free radical production through the leakage of temporarily accumulated electrons at the downstream complexes. CONCLUSION: Deuteronation, as exemplified by ATP synthase and the ETC, may interfere with the conformations and functions of many macromolecules and contribute to some pathologies like heavy water toxicity and aging

Soluble CD40 Ligand Levels in Otherwise Healthy Subjects With Impaired Fasting Glucose

Unlike diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance, it is not clear whether the subjects with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) are at increased risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. The CD40-CD40 ligand interaction is involved in the mechanism of atherosclerosis. We investigated whether soluble CD40L (sCD40L) as well as high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels are increased in subjects with IFG having no confounding factors for inflammation or atherosclerosis. Twenty four IFG subjects with no additional disorders and 40 appropriate healthy controls were studied. sCD40L and hsCRP levels in the IFG and control groups were similar. Blood pressures, total and LDL-cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were also similar, whereas HDL-cholesterol was lower and HOMA-IR indexes were higher in the IFG group. Though the sample size was small, the present data show that sCD40L seems not to alter in subjects with IFG suggesting that it might not be an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis

A New Similarity Measure Based on Falsity Value between Single Valued Neutrosophic Sets Based on the Centroid Points of Transformed Single Valued Neutrosophic Values with Applications to Pattern Recognition

In this paper, we propose some transfor mations based on the centroid points between single valued neutrosophic numbers. We introduce these trans formations according to truth, indeterminacy and falsity value of single valued neutrosophic numbers. We propose a new similarity measure based on falsity value between single valued neutrosophic sets. Then we prove some properties on new similarity measure based on falsity value between falsity value between single valued neutrosophic sets. Furthermore, we propose similarity measure based on falsity value between single valued neutrosophic sets based on the centroid points of transformed single valued neutrosophic numbers. We also apply the proposed similarity measure between single valued neutrosophic sets to deal with pattern recognition problems

The Influence of Varicocelectomy Age on Semen Parameters and Fertility Rates

Objective: Varicocele is the most frequently observed correctable cause of infertility in men. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the influence of age at the time of varicocelectomy on semen parameters and fertility. Methods: Infertile men who underwent microsurgical varicocelectomy between January 2012 and December 2019 were retrospectively evaluated. Patients were divided into 4 age groups as follows: group 1 including patients aged ≤25 years old, group 2 including patients aged ≥26 and ≤30 years old, group 3 including patients aged ≥31 and ≤35 years old, and group 4 including patients aged ≥36 years old. Results: A total of 138 infertile men were divided into 4 groups. There were 18 men in group 1, 58 men in group 2, 44 men in group 3, and 18 men in group 4. There were significant improvements in the mean sperm concentration, progressive motility, and total motile sperm count values in all groups after surgery. Significant improvement in sperm morphology was detected only in groups 1 and 2 (p=0.007 and p=0.005, respectively). There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of preoperative and postoperative sperm parameters. Total fertility rate and the number of patients having children with natural conception or assisted reproductive techniques were lower in group 4 but these differences were not statistically significant (p=0.083 and p=0.454, respectively). Conclusion: Varicocelectomy can be recommended for all infertile men regardless of age. There was no difference in postoperative semen parameters and fertility rates between the age groups

Dilated Cardiomyopathy in a 2 Month-Old Infant: A Severe Form of Hypocalcemia With Vitamin D Deficient Rickets

Dilated cardiomyopathy, which mostly has an idiopathic etiology or is caused by genetic inheritance or infection, can cause irreversible congestive heart failure. Hypocalcemia is a rare etiology of reversible dilated cardiomyopathy. Here we report the case of a two-month-old girl with congestive heart failure who was diagnosed as having dilated cardiomyopathy secondary to hypocalcemia. After calcium and vitamin D replacement therapy, the patient showed a rapid reduction in hypocalcemic tetany and a rapid recovery of left ventricular function. The cause of the hypocalcemia was vitamin D deficient rickets. She was exclusively breast-fed as an infant, and her mother had a vitamin D deficiency and was diagnosed with osteomalacia

Audiological Results of Total Ossicular Replacement Prosthesis with Cartilage Shoe Technique

Objective:The aim of this study was to investigate functional results of total ossicular replacement prosthesis (TORP) shaft stabilization with a cartilage shoe in chronic otitis media patients with cholesteatoma who had undergone canal wall down tympanomastoidectomy (CWDT). In addition, it was determined whether the presence of granular and edematous mucosa in middle ear altered functional outcomes.Methods: Sixty patients, who had undergone CWDT with the use of TORP for the reconstruction of ossicular chain, were divided into two groups. Patients with cartilage shoe were classified as Group 1 (n=30) and those without the shoe were classified as Group 2 (n=30). Patients in both groups were classified into “A” and “B” subgroups according to the middle ear risk index (MERI). Air conduction (AC) and bone conduction thresholds were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively.Results: There was no statistically significant change between preoperative AC thresholds of the groups and subgroups (p>0.05). There were statistically significant differences regarding AC thresholds and air– bone gap (ABG) values between Groups 1 and 2 at the postoperative 12th month (p<0.05). Postoperative AC thresholds and ABG values of Group 1B patients with a high MERI score were statistically significant at all frequencies than those of Group 2B patients (p<0.05). When ABG values were compared, it was observed that functional results were better in Group 1B, but a statistically significant difference was observed only at 2000 Hz (p<0.01).Conclusion: The cartilage shoe method for titanium TORP stabilization that is used for ossicular reconstruction during CWDT has been found to have a beneficial effect on auditory outcomes. Cartilage shoe application increases positive effects on hearing outcomes, particularly if the middle ear mucosa is granular and edematous

An Experimental Analysis of RowHammer in HBM2 DRAM Chips

RowHammer (RH) is a significant and worsening security, safety, and reliability issue of modern DRAM chips that can be exploited to break memory isolation. Therefore, it is important to understand real DRAM chips' RH characteristics. Unfortunately, no prior work extensively studies the RH vulnerability of modern 3D-stacked high-bandwidth memory (HBM) chips, which are commonly used in modern GPUs. In this work, we experimentally characterize the RH vulnerability of a real HBM2 DRAM chip. We show that 1) different 3D-stacked channels of HBM2 memory exhibit significantly different levels of RH vulnerability (up to 79% difference in bit error rate), 2) the DRAM rows at the end of a DRAM bank (rows with the highest addresses) exhibit significantly fewer RH bitflips than other rows, and 3) a modern HBM2 DRAM chip implements undisclosed RH defenses that are triggered by periodic refresh operations. We describe the implications of our observations on future RH attacks and defenses and discuss future work for understanding RH in 3D-stacked memories.Comment: To appear at DSN Disrupt 202

SINGLE CENTER EXPERIENCE: RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF FOLLICULER LYMPHOMA

Amaç: Folliküler lenfoma, ikinci en sık görülen lenfoma türü olup, bütün non hodgkinlenfomaların %20-25'ini, yavaş seyirli (indolen) lenfomaların ise %70'ini oluşturur.Ortalama yaşam beklentisi yaklaşık 10 yıldır. Fakat beklenen yaşam süresi monoklonalantikorların keşfi ile uzamıştır.Yöntemler: Bu çalışmada, folliküler lenfomalı 28 hastanın klinikopatolojik özellikleri,tedavi modaliteleri ve yanıt oranları retrospektif olarak değerlendirilmiştir.Bulgular: Hastaların %39,3'ünde B semptomları ve %35,7'sinde kemik iliği tutulumumevcuttu. FLIPI skorlarına göre hastaların %37,5'i düşük, %21,4'ü orta ve %39,3'ü iseyüksek risk grubundaydı. Hastaların %32,1'i hastalığın erken evrelerinde idi.Hastaların %46,4'inde evre 1 ve %14,3'ünde evre 3 patolojik hastalık mevcuttu. %78,6hasta kemoterapi almıştı ve en çok kullanılan rejim de CVP (%53,6) idi. %14,3 hastadaradyoterapi uygulanmış ve hastaların %7,1' i tedavisiz izlenmişti. 9 hastada rituksimabilk sırada kullanılmış, 5 hastada ise ilk nükste kemoterapi ile birlikte uygulanmıştı. İlksıra kemoterapi sonrası; toplam remisyon oranı %74 olmakla birlikte hastaların%46,4'ünde tam yanıt, %25'inde ise kısmi yanıt gözlendi. Ortanca izlem süresi 32,8 ay(5-101 ay) ve ortanca hastalıksız sağ kalım 22,5 aydı (1-67 ay).Sonuç: Çalışmamızın sonuçları doğrultusunda, folliküler lenfomada başlangıçtedavisinde rituksimablı kemoterapi rejimleri ve remisyon sağlanan olgularda idamerituksimab tedavisinin akılcı bir hasta yönetimi olduğunu düşünmekteyiz. Objectıve: Follicular lymphoma is the second most common lymphoma comprising20-25% of all non hodgkin lymphomas and 70% of low grade lymphomas.Mediansurvival is around 10 years but survival rates were improved since the discovery ofmonoclonal antibodies.Methods: In this study, the clinicopathological features, the treatment modalities andthe response rates of 28 patients with follicular lymphoma were retrospectivelyanalyzed.Results: 39.3% of patients had b symptoms and the bone marrow involvement rate was35.7%. FLIPI scores; 35.7% of patients were in low risk group, 21.4% were in intermedi&nbsp;ate risk group and 39.3% were in high risk group. 32.1% of patiens were in early stagesof disease. 46.4% of patients had grade 1 and 14.3% had grade 3 pathologicdisease.78.6% of patients were treated with chemotherapy and the leading regimenwas CVP (53.6%) 14.3% of patients were treated with radiotherapy and 7.1% of patientswere followed without treatment.9 patients had rituximab as a firstline therapy and 5patients had rituximab after first relapse with adjunct to the chemotherapy. 4 patientshad rituximab as a maintanence therapy after remission. After firstline chemotherapy,with a total remission rate of 71.4,46.4% of patients had complete remission and 25%had partial remission.Median follow up time was 32.8 months (5-101 months) andmedian disease free survival was 22.5 months (1-67 months).Conclusion: We may conclude that the combination of rituximab with the firstlinetherapies and maintanence of rituximab after the first response is a rational way ofmanagement of follicular lymphoma with regard to the analysis of data obtained fromthis study

Classification of Coal Seams for Coal and Gas Outburst Proneness in the Zonguldak Coal Basın, Turkey

Coal and gas outbursts can be defined as a sudden release of coal and rock accompanied by large quantities of gas into the working face or other mine workings. It has been a major geological hazard to underground coal mining for over 150 years, and continues to cause serious problems all over the world. The outburst events have appeared rarely in metal mines and have generally occurred in salt and coal mines especially bituminous coal mines. Coal outbursts have occurred in at least 18 nations including Turkey. The most important factors that influence the occurrence of outbursts are gassiness of the coal seam and the desorption rate of the gas in the seam and or part of the coal seam. It is necessary to investigate these factors separately to predict the outburst prone zones. The aim of this study is to determine the outburst prone zones in the Zonguldak Coal Basin. In order to determine the outburst proneness of the coal seams, coal samples were taken from Kozlu and Karadon Collieries. 19 coal samples were taken from underground working areas, from 7 different coal seams, at different depths and with variable borehole lengths. Gas content of the coal seams was measured with US Bureau of Mines (USBM) Direct Method. Desorption rate of the gas in coal was investigated and a threshold limit determined for the study area. According to the experimental results, the coal seams have been classified with regard to outburst prone zones