Características de la profesión enfermera en el contexto español a partir de la experiencia de las enfermeras docentes

El objetivo general de esta investigación fué conocer, a partir del discurso de las enfermeras pioneras 'Ayudantes Técnicos Sanitarios' en impartir la asignatura de 'Enfermería Fundamental', cuáles son las características de la profesión enfermera en el contexto español actual. El diseño fué cualitativo y como estrategia metodológica se utilizó la Inducción analítica. El muestreo fué teórico y se utilizó como técnica de recogida de datos la entrevista en profundidad. Para el análisis de datos se utilizó la estrategia analítica propia de la teoría fundamentada. Se establecieron estrategias específicas para asegurar los criterios de rigor. El proyecto fue aprobado por una comisión de ética asistencial y se ha pasado consentimiento informado a las participantes estableciendo, además, un protocolo de seguridad, para asegurar la confidencialidad de los datos.El discurso de las cuatro docentes pioneras entrevistadas hace intuir que la profesión sigue teniendo un rol profesional basado en la técnica y no en el cuidado. La falta de confianza en el valor del cuidado, la falta de iniciativa que implica no querer asumir responsabilidades y la poca capacidad para la práctica reflexiva se establecen como principales carencias del colectivo. En cuanto al rol profesional ejercido en la práctica, según la opinión de las docentes de la asignatura fundamentos en enfermería, se destaca la clara preferencia del colectivo por el rol técnico vinculado al tratamiento en detrimento del rol vinculado al cuidado

Professional responsibility and decision-making in the context of a disease-focused model of nursing care: The difficulties experienced by Spanish nurses

When, in 1977, nurse education in Spain was transferred to universities a more patient-centred, Anglo-American philosophy of care was introduced into a context in which nurses had traditionally prioritised their technical skills. This paper examines the characteristics of the nurse's professional role in Spain, where the model of nursing practice has historically placed them in a position akin to that of physician assistants. The study design was qualitative and used the method of analytic induction. Participants were selected by means of theoretical sampling and then underwent in-depth interviews. The resulting material was analysed using an approach based on the principles of grounded theory. Strategies were applied to ensure the credibility, transferability, dependability and confirmability of the findings. The main conclusion is that nurses in Spain continue to work within a disease-focused model of care, making it difficult for them to take responsibility for decision making

Transfer of nurse education to universities under a model of person-centred care: A consequence of changes in Spanish society during the democratic transition.

Background. In Spain the transfer of nurse education to universities was accompanied by a shift towards a model of person-centred care. Aim. To explore whether the change in nurses' professional profile (from physician assistant to providers of person-centred care) was a response to changing needs in Spanish society. Design. Qualitative study. Methods. Theoretical sampling and in-depth interviews using an inductive analytical approach. Results. Four categories described the nursing profession in Spain prior to the introduction of university training: the era of medical assistants; technologisation of hospitals; personal care of the patient based on Christian values; professional socialisation differentiated by gender. Further analysis showed that these categories could be subsumed under a broader core category: the transfer of nurse education to universities as part of Spain's transition to democracy. Conclusion. The transfer of nurse education to universities was one of several changes occurring in Spanish society during the country's transition to democratic government. The redefined public health system required a highly skilled workforce, with improved employment rights being given to female health professionals, notably nurses

Aplicación del método del análisis de concepto al desarrollo de la sensibilidad teórica aplicada a indagaciones cualitativas de carácter inductivo: A propósito del uso del término 'Cosmovisión'

Qualitative research requires the necessary theoretical sensitivity to be able to critically analyze reality, thus ensuring than theoretical constructs capable of explaining what is happening with the phenomenon under study can be obtained. Objective: To introduce Concept Analysis as a method that can be useful to develop Theoretical Sensibility from the literature. Method: The design used was an adaptation of the Conceptual Analysis of Walker & Avans (2011). For the sampling, information on the Worldview Concept published in dictionaries, books and articles indexed in the Scopus and JSTOR databases and the Web Of Science meta-search engine was recruited using the keywords 'Worldview Concept' OR 'World View Concept'. Results: The final sample of articles and materials from selected citations, after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, was 27. From the analysis of the different bibliographic materials, it was possible to identify the use of the concept of Cosmovision, its defining characteristics, its antecedents and consequences and, finally, its empirical implications. Conclusion: The theoretical analysis of the term worldview has allowed us to verify the adequacy of the concept to approach the study of how human groups perceive and conceive the worl

Emergencia del modelo de enfermería transmitido en las universidades españolas: una aproximación analítica a través de la Teoría Fundamentada

El objetivo fue conocer el significado del término 'enfermería' para las enfermeras docentes de las universidades españolas. El diseño fue cualitativo. Como estrategia se utilizó la inducción analítica. El muestreo fue teórico y enfocado en la selección de casos extremos. La técnica de recogida de datos fue la entrevista en profundidad. El análisis se llevó a cabo mediante la técnica específica de la Teoría Fundamentada. Se establecieron estrategias para asegurar la credibilidad, transferibilidad, confirmabilidad y auditabilidad. A partir del análisis de los datos se identificaron tres categorías que dieron respuesta al objetivo planteado: es una 'actividad humana vinculada a la maternidad', una 'vocación de ayuda al otro que tienen algunas personas' y una 'actividad que atiende las necesidades de los demás respetando su identidad'. Se puede concluir que en las universidades españolas se está transmitiendo un modelo de enfermera donde el rol propio de cuidado es inherente al género femenino y a la vocación de servicio al otro que tienen algunas personas. Esto es causa de que la Real Academia de la Lengua Española sólo identifique el rol de asistencia técnica a la medicina como elemento profesional de la enfermería

The influence of Anglo-American theoretical models on the evolution of the nursing discipline in Spain

In Spain, the introduction of the new Diploma in Nursing in 1977 saw the role of nurses shifting from that of medical assistants with technical skills to being independent members of the healthcare team with specific responsibility for providing professional nursing care. Here, we analyse the evolution of the nursing profession in Spain following the transfer of nurse education to universities, doing so through interviews with the first generation of academic tutors. This was a qualitative study using the method of analytic induction and based on the principles of grounded theory. Participants were selected by means of theoretical sampling and then underwent in-depth interviews. Steps were taken to ensure the credibility, transferability, dependability and confirmability of data. The main conclusion of the analysis is that there is a gap between a theoretical framework borrowed from the Anglo-American context and a nursing practice that, in Spain, has traditionally prioritised the application of technical procedures, a role akin to that of a medical assistant. It is argued that a key factor underlying the way in which nursing in Spain has evolved in recent decades is the lack of conceptual clarity regarding what the role of the professional nurse might actually entail in practice

Características de la Profesión Enfermera en el Contexto Español a Partir de la Experiencia de las Enfermeras Docentes

The overall objective of this research was to determine – from the discourse of the former Ayudantes Técnicos Sanitarios (Technical Nursing Assistants) who are pioneers in teaching the subject of "Nursing Fundamentals" – what the characteristics of the nursing profession are in the current Spanish context. The design was qualitative and analytical induction was used as methodological strategy. The sampling was theoretical and in-depth interview was used as a technique for data collection. For data analysis, the very analytic strategy of the grounded theory was used. Specific strategies were established to ensure the criteria of rigor. The project was approved by a committee of health care ethics and informed consent was given by all the participants, thus establishing a security protocol to ensure data confidentiality...Keywords: Experience; Nursing; Nursing Fundamentals; Professional Role; Teachers.El objetivo general de esta investigación fué conocer, a partir del discurso de las enfermeras pioneras “Ayudantes Técnicos Sanitarios” en impartir la asignatura de “Enfermería Fundamental”, cuáles son las características de la profesión enfermera en el contexto español actual. El diseño fué cualitativo y como estrategia metodológica se utilizó la Inducción analítica. El muestreo fué teórico y se utilizó como técnica de recogida de datos la entrevista en profundidad. Para el análisis de datos se utilizó la estrategia analítica propia de la teoría fundamentada. Se establecieron estrategias específicas para asegurar los criterios de rigor...Palabras-Clave: Experiencia; Docentes; Enfermería; Enfermería Fundamental; Rol Profesional.

The Perceptions of Children and Adolescents with Cancer Regarding Nurses’ Communication Behaviors during Needle Procedures

Background: Communicating with children and adolescents with cancer during a needle procedure can prove challenging for healthcare professionals. Objective: Our aim was to explore the perceptions of children and adolescents with cancer regarding communication with nurses during needle procedures. Method: Thus was a qualitative phenomenological study. Data were gathered through seven in-depth interviews with a convenience sample of children and adolescents with cancer. Data were analyzed using a grounded theory approach to identify themes in the participants' narratives. Results: The analysis revealed three themes describing participants' experience: (1) nurses need to explain clearly what they are going to do while also allowing children to express their emotions without feeling coerced; (2) nurses need to be honest and approachable and relate to children as active participants in the treatment process; and (3) it is distressing to hear other children who are undergoing a needle procedure cry out in pain. Further application of the constant comparison method yielded a core theme: (4) the pressures faced by oncology nurses lead them to focus on the technical side of procedures at the expense of their young patients' communication needs. Conclusions: We suggest that hospital managers need to ensure that oncology nurses have sufficient training in communication skills and are confident in their ability to respect and respond to the communication preferences and needs of patients

Long-Term Care Facilities and Nursing Homes during the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review of the Perspectives of Professionals, Families and Residents

The COVID-19 pandemic has had significant repercussions for nursing home residents, their families, and professionals. The objective was to describe the perspectives of residents, their families, and nursing home employees during the COVID-19 pandemic. A scoping review was carried out using the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews. The inclusion criteria were: qualitative and/or mixed methods studies in English, French, Portuguese, and Spanish. The review covers studies published from 11 March 2020 to 15 February 2021. CINAHL, PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Scopus, British Nursing Index, Proquest, PsycInfo, and Google Scholar databases were used. We conducted a systematic narrative synthesis, presenting the results narratively and showing descriptive statistics on the studies reviewed. Sixteen documents were obtained from 175 results. Two studies focused on residents and one on their families. The remaining studies looked at professionals. Nursing homes had great difficulty managing resources, which was exacerbated by emotional exhaustion among residents, employees, and family members. In nursing homes, creative initiatives and new forms of leadership appeared to meet emerging needs during the pandemic. The results of the study show the impact of the pandemic on nursing homes and the response capacity present among residents, family members, and professionals