Level differentiation technology in vocational education

Differentiated learning technology has been used for a long time. However, with the introduction of innovative educational technologies, it acquires new features and therefore requires additional research. Higher schools are in the process of searching for elements based on a personality-focused approach and introduce the most effective technologies in this process.  The purpose of the article is to discusses the implementation of technologies that provide a single differentiation in the process of preparing students. The characteristic of students' work in differentiated educational conditions is presented. Teaching and training students is arranged in groups. As a result, there is a way to prepare competent students, making them highly qualified professionals. The study shows that there are great opportunities in teaching students of a higher educational institution. The formation of competencies with the help of differentiated learning technology becomes more effective, since individual characteristics of each student are taken into account and their interest and motivation to study a particular course increases. Differentiated tasks allow you to monitor dynamics of the development of students' competence, the systematic implementation of a certain type of tasks that are suitable for certain groups of students.The article presents a study of the level of training of students of the University of the 3rd year of study. The study was conducted in 2018 throughout the school year. Our results are based on data obtained from two groups of students with the same number of subjects. The introduction of differentiated learning technology can improve the quality of training of higher education institutions students. With the help of these technologies, each student, building training in accordance with their personal characteristics and professional needs, achieves success in mastering the material, quickly forms professional competence. The results of the study focused on the quality of training showed that differentiated technologies improve students’ performance

Crystal structure and spin-trimer magnetism of Rb-2.3(H2O)(0.8)Mn-3[B4P6O24(O,OH)(2)]

The title borophosphate is characterized by a rare combination of the magnetic high-spin Mn2+ ions in both octahedral and tetrahedral coordinations. The crystal structure and magnetic properties are presented.</p

Selective footprints and genes relevant to cold adaptation and other phenotypic traits are unscrambled in the genomes of divergently selected chicken breeds

Background: The genomes of worldwide poultry breeds divergently selected for performance and other phenotypic traits may also be affected by, and formed due to, past and current admixture events. Adaptation to diverse environments, including acclimation to harsh climatic conditions, has also left selection footprints in breed genomes. Results: Using the Chicken 50K_CobbCons SNP chip, we genotyped four divergently selected breeds: two aboriginal, cold tolerant Ushanka and Orloff Mille Fleur, one egg-type Russian White subjected to artificial selection for cold tolerance, and one meat-type White Cornish. Signals of selective sweeps were determined in the studied breeds using three methods: (1) assessment of runs of homozygosity islands, (2) FST based population differential analysis, and (3) haplotype differentiation analysis. Genomic regions of true selection signatures were identified by two or more methods or in two or more breeds. In these regions, we detected 540 prioritized candidate genes supplemented them with those that occurred in one breed using one statistic and were suggested in other studies. Amongst them, SOX5, ME3, ZNF536, WWP1, RIPK2, OSGIN2, DECR1, TPO, PPARGC1A, BDNF, MSTN, and beta-keratin genes can be especially mentioned as candidates for cold adaptation. Epigenetic factors may be involved in regulating some of these important genes (e.g., TPO and BDNF). Conclusion: Based on a genome-wide scan, our findings can help dissect the genetic architecture underlying various phenotypic traits in chicken breeds. These include genes representing the sine qua non for adaptation to harsh environments. Cold tolerance in acclimated chicken breeds may be developed following one of few specific gene expression mechanisms or more than one overlapping response known in cold-exposed individuals, and this warrants further investigation

Unveiling comparative genomic trajectories of selection and key candidate genes in egg-type Russian White and meat-type White Cornish chickens

Simple Summary: The search for genomic regions of putative selective signaling is instrumental in obtaining information about selection history in various species and populations. Domestic animals are subject to long-term artificial selection that leaves certain footprints in their genomes one can explore using genome-wide SNP screen. We examined here genomes of two contrasting chicken breeds, the native egg-type Russian White and meat-type White Cornish. Using three statistics, we identified genomic regions under putative selection, both breed-specific and shared between two breeds, that harbor key candidate genes for economically important traits. Our findings will be useful in further understanding selection history and genomic diversity in domestic chickens that would be pivotal in their productive breeding. Abstract: Comparison of genomic footprints in chicken breeds with different selection history is a powerful tool in elucidating genomic regions that have been targeted by recent and more ancient selection. In the present work, we aimed at examining and comparing the trajectories of artificial selection in the genomes of the native egg-type Russian White (RW) and meat-type White Cornish (WC) breeds. Combining three different statistics (top 0.1% SNP by FST value at pairwise breed comparison, hapFLK analysis, and identification of ROH island shared by more than 50% of individuals), we detected 45 genomic regions under putative selection including 11 selective sweep regions, which were detected by at least two different methods. Four of such regions were breed-specific for each of RW breed (on GGA1, GGA5, GGA8, and GGA9) and WC breed (on GGA1, GGA5, GGA8, and GGA28), while three remaining regions on GGA2 (two sweeps) and GGA3 were common for both breeds. Most of identified genomic regions overlapped with known QTLs and/or candidate genes including those for body temperatures, egg productivity, and feed intake in RW chickens and those for growth, meat and carcass traits, and feed efficiency in WC chickens. These findings were concordant with the breed origin and history of their artificial selection. We determined a set of 188 prioritized candidate genes retrieved from the 11 overlapped regions of putative selection and reviewed their functions relative to phenotypic traits of interest in the two breeds. One of the RW-specific sweep regions harbored the known domestication gene, TSHR. Gene ontology and functional annotation analysis provided additional insight into a functional coherence of genes in the sweep regions. We also showed a greater candidate gene richness on microchromosomes relative to macrochromosomes in these genomic areas. Our results on the selection history of RW and WC chickens and their key candidate genes under selection serve as a profound information for further conservation of their genomic diversity and efficient breeding

Whole genome screening procures a holistic hold of the Russian chicken gene pool heritage and demographic history

Simple Summary: A collection of native farm animal breeds can be considered as a gene pool and a national heritage. Long-term artificial selection in domesticated animals has certain effects on their genomes, which can be investigated using genome-wide screens for DNA sequence variation, that is, so-called single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) screens. Here, we looked at the genomes of 19 Russian chicken gene pool breeds, both native and imported, evaluating the contrasting egg, meat and dual-purpose types. Based on genetic diversity statistics, we identified differences between the breeds using many DNA markers (SNPs) that may represent genomic regions that are being selected for, either within a specific breed or shared between breeds. Our research will be helpful for further understanding the genomic diversity and demographic history of Russian domestic chickens. This would be essential for their successful breeding. Abstract: A study for genomic variation that may reflect putative selective signaling and be associated with economically important traits is instrumental for obtaining information about demographic and selection history in domestic animal species and populations. A rich variety of the Russian chicken gene pool breeds warrants a further detailed study. Specifically, their genomic features can derive implications from their genome architecture and selective footprints for their subsequent breeding and practical efficient exploitation. In the present work, whole genome genotyping of 19 chicken breeds (20 populations with up to 71 samples each) was performed using the Chicken 50 K BeadChip DNA chip. The studied breed sample included six native Russian breeds of chickens developed in the 17th–19th centuries, as well as eight Russian chicken breeds, including the Russian White (RW), created in the 20th century on the basis of improving local chickens using breeds of foreign selection. Five specialized foreign breeds of chickens, including the White Leghorn (WL), were used along with other breeds representing the Russian gene pool. The characteristics of the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of the native breeds of chickens were represented in comparison with foreign breeds. It was established that the studied native breeds demonstrate their own genetic structure that distinguishes them from foreign breeds, and from each other. For example, we previously made an assumption on what could cause the differences between two RW populations, RW1 and RW2. From the data obtained here, it was verified that WL was additionally crossed to RW2, unlike RW1. Thus, inherently, RW1 is a purer population of this improved Russian breed. A significant contribution of the gene pool of native breeds to the global genetic diversity of chickens was shown. In general, based on the results of a multilateral survey of this sample of breeds, it can be concluded that phylogenetic relationships based on their genetic structure and variability robustly reflect the known, previously postulated and newly discovered patterns of evolution of native chickens. The results herein presented will aid selection and breeding work using this gene pool

Влияние вариантов генов AGT, TGFB1, ESR1 и VDR на развитие и течение идиопатических интерстициальных пневмоний и саркоидоза органов дыхания

The aim of the study was to estimate the contribution of angiotensinogen (AGT), transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFB1), estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1), and vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene variants to IIP and PS development and course in residents of Russian Federation. Methods. This case-control study involved 104 IIP patients, 111 PS patients, and 113 controls. Seven single nucleotide polymorphisms were investigated using polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction analysis, namely rs5051 in AGT gene; rs1800469, rs1800470, and rs1800471 in TGFB1 gene; rs2234693 and rs9340799 in ESR1 gene; rs731236 in VDR gene. Results. We revealed associations of TGFB1 (rs1800469) and ESR1 (rs9340799) gene variants with IIP clinical outcomes, as well as AGT (rs5051) and VDR (rs731236) gene variants with PS stage. Unfavorable IIP outcomes, i.e. IIP progression or death, were associated with variants rs1800469 СС in TGFB1 gene (р = 0.021; odds ratio (OR) = 2.83; 95%CI: 1.16–6.94) and rs9340799 X (G) in ESR1 gene (р = 0.012; OR = 3.18; 95%CI: 1.27–8.00), as well as with their combination (р = 0.003; OR = 3.88; 95%CI: 1.55–9.71). PS stages II–IV were associated with variants rs5051 А in AGT gene (р = 0.010; OR = 3.22; 95%CI: 1.30–7.98) and rs731236 t (C) in VDR gene (р = 0.046; OR = 2.45; 95%CI: 1.00–6.02), as well as with their combination (р = 0.041; OR = 3.31; 95%CI: 1.14–9.60). Conclusion. Results of the study contribute to understanding genetic factors that influence IIP and PS courses.Идиопатическая интерстициальная пневмония (ИИП) и саркоидоз органов дыхания (СОД) являются наиболее распространенными интерстициальными заболеваниями легких. Этиология их неизвестна. Актуальность изучения генетических аспектов патогенеза и течения этих заболеваний обусловлена отсутствием эффективных методов лечения и неблагоприятным прогнозом, в особенности у больных ИИП. Цель. Определение вклада вариантов генов ангиотензиногена (AGT), трансформирующего фактора роста-β1 (TGFB1), эстрогенового рецептора-α (ESR1) и рецептора витамина D (VDR) в развитие и течение ИИП и СОД у жителей Российской Федерации. Материалы и методы. В исследовании (дизайн «случай–контроль») принимали участие больные ИИП (n = 104), СОД (n = 111), а также лица (n = 113) контрольной группы. С помощью полимеразной цепной реакции и последующего рестрикционного анализа изучены 7 однонуклеотидных замен: rs5051 в гене AGT; rs1800469, rs1800470 и rs1800471 в гене TGFB1; rs2234693 и rs9340799 в гене ESR1; rs731236 в гене VDR. Результаты. Выявлены ассоциации вариантов генов TGFB1 (rs1800469) и ESR1 (rs9340799) с клиническими исходами ИИП, а также генов AGT (rs5051) и VDR (rs731236) – со стадиями СОД. C неблагоприятным исходом ИИП (прогрессирование ИИП или смерть) ассоциировались варианты rs1800469 СС гена TGFB1 (р = 0,021; отношение шансов (ОШ) – 2,83 (1,16–6,94)) и rs9340799 X (G) гена ESR1 (р = 0,012; ОШ – 3,18 (1,27–8,00)), а также их сочетание (р = 0,003; ОШ – 3,88 (1,55–9,71)). У больных СОД стадии II–IV ассоциировались варианты rs5051 А гена AGT (р = 0,010; ОШ – 3,22 (1,30–7,98)) и rs731236 t (C) гена VDR (р = 0,046; ОШ – 2,45 (1,00–6,02)), а также их сочетание (р = 0,041; ОШ – 3,31 (1,14–9,60)). Заключение. Результаты работы позволяют более адекватно оценить влияние генетических факторов на течение ИИП и СОД

Pridnestrovian Migrant Workers in the Country of the Recipient: Quality of Life and Employment Features

The article pays the attention to the role of Pridnestrovian migrants at the Russian labor market regarding the life’s quality, social interaction and employment. Authors think that migration policy of native and welcoming sides should be based on pragmatic approach when migrants’ labor should promote the development of human capital. Positive prerequisites of such process are social, demographic, professional, linguistic and cultural characteristics of Pridnestrovian migrants. The article contains the results of the survey of migrants (n=270), living in all regions of Pridnestrovie, conducted by the employees of the Pridnestrovie State University named after T.G. Shevchenko. The sample is formed based on heterogeneity of respondents and includes such criteria as gender, age, level of education, ethnicity and citizenship. The main emphasis in the research has been done on the study of the relationship of the following indicators: goals, quality of life, social relationships, and employment