Conceptualising fields of action for sustainable intensification A systematic literature review and application to regional case studies

[EN] After two decades of research on sustainable intensification (SI), namely securing food production on less environmental cost, heterogeneous understandings and perspectives prevail in a broad and partly fragmented scientific literature. Structuring and consolidating contributions to provide practice-oriented guidelines are lacking. The objectives of this study are to (1) comprehensively explore the academic SI literature, (2) propose an implementation-oriented conceptual framework, and (3) demonstrate its applicability for region-specific problem settings. In a systematic literature review of 349 papers covering the international literature of 20 years of SI research, we identified SI practices and analysed temporal, spatial and disciplinary trends and foci. Based on key SI practices, a conceptual framework was developed differentiating four fields of action from farm to regional and landscape scale and from land use to structural optimisation. Its applicability to derive region specific SI solutions was successfully tested through stakeholder processes in four European case studies. Disciplinary boundaries and the separation of the temporal and spatial strands in the literature prevent a holistic address of SI. This leads to the dominance of research describing SI practices in isolation, mainly on the farm scale. Coordinated actions on the regional scale and the coupling of multiple practices are comparatively un-derrepresented. Results from the case studies demonstrate that implementation is extremely context-sensitive and thus crucially depends on the situational knowledge of farmers and stakeholders. Although, there is no 'one size fits all' solution, practitioners in all regions identified the need for integrated solutions and common action to implement suitable SI strategies at the regional landscape level and in local ecosystems.This research was financially supported by the European Commission under grant agreement 652615 and conducted in the context of the ERA-Net FACCE SURPLUS project VITAL, with the national funders NWO (Netherlands), BMBF (Germany), INIA (Spain), ANR (France).Weltin, M.; Zasada, I.; Piorr, A.; Debolini, M.; Geniaux, G.; Moreno-Pérez, OM.; Scherer, L.... (2018). Conceptualising fields of action for sustainable intensification A systematic literature review and application to regional case studies. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment. 257:68-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2018.01.023S688025

Maculopatie correlate all'età

La degenerazione maculare lkegata all'età è un'affezione della regione macularte che compare in età avanzata, responsabile della perdita della capacità visiva centrale; la macula è la porzione di retina situata al polo posteriore, deputata alla visione distinta delle immagini

Verteporfin photodynamic therapy combined with intravitreal ranibizumab in neovascular age-related macular degeneration: 24-month follow-up

Purpose: to evaluate the efficacy and safety of combined therapy with Photodynamic Therapy with Verteporfin (PDT-V) and intravitreal ranibizumab same-day compared with monotherapy with ranibizumab (three monthly injections ) for the treatment of the choroidal neovascularization (CNV) due to age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Type of study : open-label, randomized controlled trial (RCT). Materials and Methods: 17 eyes of 17 patients were consecutively enrolled and randomly assigned to ranibizumab intravitreal injection + PDT compared with a control group of 30 eyes of 30 patients treated with only ranibizumab 0.5mg in three monthly injections. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT) on optical coherence tomography were examined before and after treatment. Patients were followed-up for twelve months. Results: in the combined therapy group, the mean baseline BCVA is 32.6 letters, at 24-months after treatment it’s 31.4 letters with a loss of 1.2 letters. The mean central thickness at baseline is 314.6 µm. After twenty four months the mean CMT is 222.5 µm, with mean CMT reduction of 92.1µm. In the ranibizumab-alone group, the mean baseline BCVA is 29.1 letters at 24-months it’s 28.6 letters with a little loss of 0.5 letters. The mean baseline CMT is 297.6 µm, at 24-months it is 235.9 µm, with mean CMT reduction of 61,7µm. Conclusions: the two treatments showed the same efficacy from a functional and anatomic point of view with a less number of retreatments in the combined therapy group. There were no serious ocular adverse events such as retinal detachment, endophthalmitis or ocular hypertone.Purpose: to evaluate the efficacy and safety of combined therapy with Photodynamic Therapy with Verteporfin (PDT-V) and intravitreal ranibizumab same-day compared with monotherapy with ranibizumab (three monthly injections ) for the treatment of the choroidal neovascularization (CNV) due to age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Type of study : open-label, randomized controlled trial (RCT). Materials and Methods: 17 eyes of 17 patients were consecutively enrolled and randomly assigned to ranibizumab intravitreal injection + PDT compared with a control group of 30 eyes of 30 patients treated with only ranibizumab 0.5mg in three monthly injections. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT) on optical coherence tomography were examined before and after treatment. Patients were followed-up for twelve months. Results: in the combined therapy group, the mean baseline BCVA is 32.6 letters, at 24-months after treatment it’s 31.4 letters with a loss of 1.2

Verteporfin photodynamic therapy combined with intravitreal ranibizumab in neovascular age-related macular degeneration: 24-month follow-up

Purpose: to evaluate the efficacy and safety of combined therapy with Photodynamic Therapy with Verteporfin (PDT-V) and intravitreal ranibizumab same-day compared with monotherapy with ranibizumab (three monthly injections ) for the treatment of the choroidal neovascularization (CNV) due to age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Type of study : open-label, randomized controlled trial (RCT). Materials and Methods: 17 eyes of 17 patients were consecutively enrolled and randomly assigned to ranibizumab intravitreal injection + PDT compared with a control group of 30 eyes of 30 patients treated with only ranibizumab 0.5mg in three monthly injections. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT) on optical coherence tomography were examined before and after treatment. Patients were followed-up for twelve months. Results: in the combined therapy group, the mean baseline BCVA is 32.6 letters, at 24-months after treatment it’s 31.4 letters with a loss of 1.2 letters. The mean central thickness at baseline is 314.6 µm. After twenty four months the mean CMT is 222.5 µm, with mean CMT reduction of 92.1µm. In the ranibizumab-alone group, the mean baseline BCVA is 29.1 letters at 24-months it’s 28.6 letters with a little loss of 0.5 letters. The mean baseline CMT is 297.6 µm, at 24-months it is 235.9 µm, with mean CMT reduction of 61,7µm. Conclusions: the two treatments showed the same efficacy from a functional and anatomic point of view with a less number of retreatments in the combined therapy group. There were no serious ocular adverse events such as retinal detachment, endophthalmitis or ocular hypertone

Terapia combinata con fotodinamica-verterporfirina e ranibizumab intravitreale per il trattamento della Retinal Angiomatous Proliferation correlata alla degenerazione maculare senile.

Purpose : to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the combination of Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) with standard fluence verteporfin and Ranibizumab 0.5mg administered on the same day, in patients with the neovascolar AMD (Aged Macular Degeneration) known as RAP (Retinal angiomatous proliferation ). Type of study : open-label, monocentric, randomized case series trial. Methods: 6 eyes of 6 patients were consecutively enrolled and treated with combined therapy defined as standard fluence PDT and intravitreal Ranibizumab 0.5mg on the same day. More injection were administrated as needed.Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT) on optical coherence tomography (OCT) and Fluorescein angiography (FA) were examined before and after treatment every 4 weeks. Patients were followed-up for twelve months. Results: the mean baseline BCVA (± standard deviation, SD) was 27,8 (LogMar 0,576)(±14,6) (p=), at 12 months after treatment mean BCVA was 33,3 (LogMar 0,466 )(±16,6) (p=). The mean CMT at baseline was 393,8µm (±82,4) (p=) at 12 months was 250,7 µm (±82,4) (p=). The mean reduction was 142,2 µm. At 12 months in 4 eyes (66,6%) there was the absence of leakage on FA . After 12 months, the rate of retreated eyes was 33,3 % (2 of 6 eyes). Discussion and Conclusion: In conclusion the treatment shows a functional and anatomical improvement since the first month after treatment. OCT shows this improvement as a great reduction of intraretinal edema. No ocular or systemic adverse effects from treatment were encountered