Some factors behind density dynamics of bat flies (Diptera: Nycteribiidae) ectoparasites of the boreal chiropterans: omitted predictors and hurdle model identification

We investigated density dynamics of three bat flies species (Diptera, Nycteribiidae): Penicillidia monoceros Speiser, 1900, Nycteribia quasiocellata (Theodor, 1966), Basilia rybini (Hurka, 1969) parasitized on two host species: pond bat, Myotis dasycneme (Boie, 1825), and eastern water bat, Myotis petax Hollister, 1912. Females of M. dasycneme have 3.4 (95 % CI 1.4–8.3) times higher odds of being infested, and in 2.4 (1.5–3.7) times higher average number of P. monoceros than males. Similarly, females of M. petax have 1.7 (1.2–2.4) times higher density of N. quasiocellata and/or B. rybini. We hypothesized an existence of host-sex-recognition mechanism in bat flies, providing it fine “ecological profit” due to sex-biased dispersal among adult host during wintering and the chance to infested a host offspring later (in summer). The decrease (due to mortality or emigration) in density of bat flies can be described as simple harmonic or S-shaped curve, and its “step” apparently corresponds to time of host pairing

Hemolysis and ATP release from human and rat erythrocytes under conditions of hypoxia: a comparative study

Red blood cells are involved not only in transportation of oxygen and carbon dioxide but also in autoregulation of vascular tone by ATP release in hypoxic conditions. Molecular mechanisms of the ATP release from red blood cells in response to a decrease in partial oxygen pressure still remain to be elucidated. In this work we have studied effects of hypoxia on red blood cell hemolysis in humans and rats and compared the effects of inhibitors of ecto-ATPase and pannexin on the release of ATP and hemoglobin from rat erythrocytes. The 20-min hypoxia at 37°C increased hemolysis of red blood cells in humans and rats 1.5- and 2.5-fold, respectively. In rat erythrocytes a significant increase in hypoxia-induced extracellular ATP level was found only in the presence of ecto-ATPase inhibitor ARL 67156. In these conditions we observed a positive correlation (R2 = 0.5003) between the increase in free hemoglobin concentration and the ATP release. Neither carbenoxolon nor probenecid, the inhibitors of low-selectivity pannexin channels, altered the hypoxia-induced ATP release from rat erythrocytes. The obtained results indicate a key role of hemolysis in the ATP release from red blood cells

Deoxygenation affects composition of membrane-bound proteins in human erythrocytes

Background/Aims: ATP release from erythrocyte plays a key role in hypoxia-induced elevation of blood flow in systematic circulation. We have previously shown that hemolysis contributes to erythrocyte ATP release triggered by several stimuli, including hypoxia, but the molecular mechanisms of hypoxia-increased membrane fragility remain unknown. Methods: In this study, we compared the action of hypoxia on hemolysis, ATP release and the composition of membrane-bound proteins in human erythrocytes. Results: Twenty minutes incubation of human erythrocytes in the oxygen-free environment increased the content of extracellular hemoglobin by ∼1.5 fold. Paired measurements of hemoglobin and ATP content in the same samples, showed a positive correlation between hemolysis and ATP release. Comparative analysis of SDS-PAGE electrophoresis of erythrocyte ghosts obtained under control and deoxygenated conditions revealed a ∼2-fold elevation of the content of membrane-bound protein with Mr of ∼60 kDa. Conclusion: Deoxygenation of human erythrocytes affects composition of membrane-bound proteins. Additional experiments should be performed to identify the molecular origin of 60 kDa protein and its role in the attenuation of erythrocyte integrity and ATP release in hypoxic conditions

Національна доповідь про стан і перспективи розвитку освіти в Україні: монографія (До 30-річчя незалежності України)

The publication provides a comprehensive analysis of the state and development of national education over the 30 years of Ukraine’s independence, identifies current problems in education, ascertains the causes of their emergence, offers scientifically reasoned ways to modernise domestic education in the context of globalisation, European integration, innovative development, and national self-identification. Designed for legislators, state officials, education institutions leaders, teaching and academic staff, the general public, all those who seek to increase the competitiveness of Ukrainian education in the context of civilisation changes.У виданні здійснено всебічний аналіз стану і розвитку національної освіти за 30-річний період незалежності України, визначено актуальні проблеми освітньої сфери, виявлено причини їх виникнення, запропоновано науково обґрунтовані шляхи модернізації вітчизняної освіти в умовах глобалізації, європейської інтеграції, інноваційного розвитку та національної самоідентифікації. Розраховано на законодавців, державних управлінців, керівників закладів освіти, педагогічних і науково-педагогічних працівників, широку громадськість, усіх, хто прагне підвищення конкурентоспроможності української освіти в контексті цивілізаційних змін

Collins and Sivers asymmetries in muonproduction of pions and kaons off transversely polarised protons

Measurements of the Collins and Sivers asymmetries for charged pions and charged and neutral kaons produced in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering of high energy muons off transversely polarised protons are presented. The results were obtained using all the available COMPASS proton data, which were taken in the years 2007 and 2010. The Collins asymmetries exhibit in the valence region a non-zero signal for pions and there are hints of non-zero signal also for kaons. The Sivers asymmetries are found to be positive for positive pions and kaons and compatible with zero otherwise. © 2015

Mechanochemical solid acid/base reactions for obtaining biologically active preparations and extracting plant materials

Mechanochemically assisted extraction involves the mechanical treatment of powder mixtures of plant materials and convenient reagents in special mill-activators to solubilize the biologically active substances. The reactions of the solid hydroxides, carbonates, and hydrocarbonates of alkali metals are the subject of this paper. During mechanochemical treatment, insoluble biologically active substances are transformed into water-soluble or highly reactive mechanocomposites. The types of reagents used depend on the chemical nature of the biologically active substance and the possible chemical reactions between the substance and reagents. Solid-state mechanochemical reactions between active acids and solid bases and between biogenic amines and acids and the formation of soluble complexes of biologically active substances with water-soluble and insoluble polymers were explored in this study. The advantages of using these reactions in mechanochemically assisted extraction are presented in this review

APPLICATION OF PHASE-ENERGY ANALYSIS OF SEISMIC WAVES FOR GEOLOGICAL SECTION PREDICTION

Link for citation: Kochegurov A.I., Kochegurova E.A., Orlov O.V. Application of phase-energy analysis of seismic waves for geological section prediction. Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Аssets Engineering, 2023, vol. 334, no. 5, рр.54-62.In Rus. Relevance. One of the main tasks in predicting a geological section is the task of determining the type of the section and mapping types over the area under study, as well as assessing the absorbing and dispersive properties of geological media. To solve these problems, specialized software-algorithmic complexes for processing and interpreting seismic data are currently widely used. In most modern complexes for forecasting a geological section, the information extracted from the kinematic and dynamic characteristics of seismic waves is used. Based on the information received and the data on the geophysical survey of wells, ideas are formed about the material composition of sediments, the presence of productive strata in the study area. This approach made it possible in a number of regions of Russia, including Western Siberia, to obtain interesting and important results related to the discovery of productive sedimentary strata and the assessment of their oil and gas content, which was confirmed by practice. At the same time, the results of practical activities have shown that when conducting studies of many areas, there are areas where the percentage of identifying false anomalies in geological environments and making erroneous decisions in the forecast is still quite large. This is due, among other things, to the fact that in the analysis of the recorded seismic field, for predicting geological section, the energy characteristics of the reflected waves are mainly used, and changes in the phase spectra are practically not taken into account. Thus, the integrated use of the characteristics of reflected seismic waves (amplitude and phase) in the prediction of a geological section is a very urgent task. The aim of the work is to carry out phase-energy analysis for various models of seismic fields based on the method of phase-frequency deconvolution for predicting the geological section. Methods: computational experiment, inverse filtering, discrete Fourier transform. Results. The authors developed the algorithm for phase-energy analysis of seismic waves, which is based on the results of phase-frequency deconvolution. The algorithm was studied on various models of geological environments, and phase-energy sections were constructed, which make it possible to identify zones with anomalously low energy values for subsequent oil and gas potential diagnostics. The paper introduces the example of constructing a phase-energy section based on real data in the interval of Upper Jurassic deposits

Some factors behind density dynamics of bat flies (Diptera: Nycteribiidae) ectoparasites of the boreal chiropterans: omitted predictors and hurdle model identification

We investigated density dynamics of three bat flies species (Diptera, Nycteribiidae): Penicillidia monoceros Speiser, 1900, Nycteribia quasiocellata (Theodor, 1966), Basilia rybini (Hurka, 1969) parasitized on two host species: pond bat, Myotis dasycneme (Boie, 1825), and eastern water bat, Myotis petax Hollister, 1912. Females of M. dasycneme have 3.4 (95 % CI 1.4–8.3) times higher odds of being infested, and in 2.4 (1.5–3.7) times higher average number of P. monoceros than males. Similarly, females of M. petax have 1.7 (1.2–2.4) times higher density of N. quasiocellata and/or B. rybini. We hypothesized an existence of host-sex-recognition mechanism in bat flies, providing it fine “ecological profit” due to sex-biased dispersal among adult host during wintering and the chance to infested a host offspring later (in summer). The decrease (due to mortality or emigration) in density of bat flies can be described as simple harmonic or S-shaped curve, and its “step” apparently corresponds to time of host pairing

Contribution to the ectoparasite fauna of rare and poor studied bat species of Southern Siberia

Forty-six chiropteran specimens from seven species have been captured on the territory of Southern Siberia. From them, 676 ectoparasites of 16 species (gamasid mites and insects) were collected. The bat fly Basilia mongolensis mongolensis Theodor, 1966 was found in Russia for the first time. The gamasid mites Spinturnix maedai Uchikawa et Wada, 1979 and Macronyssus hosonoi Uchikawa, 1979 have not previously been registered in Siberia. Several species have been recorded on new hosts. Three gamasid mite species of the genus Macronyssus are new to science. New data on the ecology of low-abundant and poorly studied bat species belonging to the Siberian-Far Eastern complex have been provided