The Effect of Electromagnetic Radiation on the Rat Brain: An Experimental Study

AIM: The aim of this study is to determine the structural changes of electromagnetic waves in the frontal cortex, brain stem and cerebellum. MATERIAL and METHODS: 24 Wistar Albino adult male rats were randomly divided into four groups: group I consisted of control rats, and groups II-IV comprised electromagnetically irradiated (EMR) with 900, 1800 and 2450 MHz. The heads of the rats were exposed to 900, 1800 and 2450 MHz microwaves irradiation for 1h per day for 2 months. RESULTS: While the histopathological changes in the frontal cortex and brain stem were normal in the control group, there were severe degenerative changes, shrunken cytoplasm and extensively dark pyknotic nuclei in the EMR groups. Biochemical analysis demonstrated that the Total Antioxidative Capacity level was significantly decreased in the EMR groups and also Total Oxidative Capacity and Oxidative Stress Index levels were significantly increased in the frontal cortex, brain stem and cerebellum. IL-1 beta level was significantly increased in the EMR groups in the brain stem. CONCLUSION: EMR causes to structural changes in the frontal cortex, brain stem and cerebellum and impair the oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokine system. This deterioration can cause to disease including loss of these areas function and cancer development.Turkish Neurosurgery Society Scientific Research CommitteeThis study was supported by the Turkish Neurosurgery Society Scientific Research Committee. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper

Dynamic Stabilisation in the Treatment of Degenerative Disc Disease with Modic Changes

Objective. Posterior dynamic stabilization is an effective alternative to fusion in the treatment of chronic instability and degenerative disc disease (DDD) of the lumbar spine. This study was undertaken to investigate the efficacy of dynamic stabilization in chronic degenerative disc disease with Modic types 1 and 2. Modic types 1 and 2 degeneration can be painful. Classic approach in such cases is spine fusion. We operated 88 DDD patients with Modic types 1 and 2 via posterior dynamic stabilization. Good results were obtained after 2 years of followup. Methods. A total of 88 DDD patients with Modic types 1 and 2 were selected for this study. The patients were included in the study between 2004 and 2010. All of them were examined with lumbar anteroposterior (AP) and lateral X-rays. Lordosis of the lumbar spine, segmental lordosis, and ratio of the height of the intervertebral disc spaces (IVSs) were measured preoperatively and at 3, 12, and 24 months after surgery. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) analysis was carried out, and according to the data obtained, the grade of disc degeneration was classified. The quality of life and pain scores were evaluated by visual analog scale (VAS) score and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) preoperatively and at 3, 12, and 24 months after surgery. Appropriate statistical method was chosen. Results. The mean 3- and 12-month postoperative IVS ratio was significantly greater than that of the preoperative group (P < 0.001). However, the mean 1 and 2 postoperative IVS ratio was not significantly different (P > 0.05). Furthermore, the mean preoperative and 1 and 2 postoperative angles of lumbar lordosis and segmental lordosis were not significantly different (P > 0.05). The mean VAS score and ODI, 3, 12, and 24 months after surgery, decreased significantly, when compared with the preoperative scores in the groups (P = 0.000). Conclusion. Dynamic stabilization in chronic degenerative disc disease with Modic types 1 and 2 was effective

Defining the optimal dose of radiation in leukemic patients with extramedullary lesions

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Analysis of the clinical response of extramedullary lesions in leukemic patients treated with radiation therapy (RT) and defining the optimal dose of radiation.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Forty-two extramedullary lesions found in 24 leukemic patients treated with RT were reviewed. The radiation was delivered usually 2 Gy/day, up to a median of 20 Gy (range: 18.0-40.8). The clinical response and symptom palliation effect were analyzed. The factors affecting the response were also included in the analysis.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>After a median time of 7.9 weeks, the overall response rate was 76.2%. A complete response (CR) was achieved in 35.7%, a partial response in 40.5%. The symptom was relieved in 85.7% sites. The overall response rate was better in patients whose initial tumor size was smaller than 10 cm²(<it>p = 0.010</it>) or who were treated with more than 25 Gy (<it>p = 0.031</it>). The overall CR rate was also higher in those who had smaller tumors (smaller than 6 cm or 30 cm²) (<it>p = 0.015)</it>, or when the tumor was located in soft tissue (<it>p = 0.029</it>).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Extramedullary lesions in leukemic patients can be successfully treated with RT. The tumor response rate was excellent and symptom relief was achieved in almost all patients. There was a better response to treatment when the tumor was small or it was located in soft tissue. Although, there was no definite correlation between volume reduction and total dose, it seems that higher total dose more of than 25 Gy is needed for better response.</p

Omurilik elektriksel uyarımının deneysel serebral vazospazm modeli üzerine etkilerinin SPECT ile değerlendirilmesi

Bu çalışmada tavşanlarda deneysel olarak oluşturulan vasospazm ve vasospazm üzerine servikal spinal kord stimulasyonun etkisini SPECT (HMPAO) yöntemi ile göstermeye çalıştık. 1. gruptaki tavşanlara sadece vasospazm uyguladık. Vasospazm öncesi ve sonrası (SPECT) değerleri karşılaştırıldığında vasospazmdan dolayı perfuzyonun azaldığını SPECT (HMPAO) yöntemi ile gösterdik. 2. gruptaki tavşanlara sadece servikal spinal kord stimulasyonu uyguladık. Servikal spinal kord stimulasyonu öncesi ve sonrası alınan SPECT (HMPAO) değerleri sonucunda stimulasyonun etkisiyle serebral perfuzyonun arttığını gösterdik. 3. grupta vasospazm oluşturulan tavşanlara servikal spinal kord stimulasyonu uyguladık. Servikal spinal kord stimulasyonun vasospazm üzerine etkisini SPECT (HMPAO) ile gösteremedik. Gruplar arasında değerlendirmeler sonucunda; grup içindeki anlamlı farklılıkları desteklemediği görüldü. Bunun ise gruplarda uygulanan işlemlerin farklı olması ve alınan dataların farklılığından kaynaklanabileceği düşünüldü. Sonuçlar göstermiştir ki, tavşanlarda oluşturulan vasospazmın tedavisinde servikal spinal kord stimulasyonu tek başına yeterli değildir (P>0,05). Buna karşın vasospazm tedavisinde diğer yöntemlerle birlikte kullanılabileceği inancındayız. Anahtar kelimeler: SAK, Cerebral vasospazm, servikal spinal kord stimulasyonu, SPECT (HMPAO).In this study, we tried to show the experimental vasospasm produced in the rabbits, and the effect of cervical spinal cord stimulation on vasospasm by SPECT (HMPAO). In group- 1, we produced only vasospasm. The comparison of SPECT findings, after vasospasm indicated a decrease in perfusion due to vasospasm. In group-2, only cervical spinal cord stimulation was perfomed. Before and after stimulation SPECT findings showed an increase in cerebral perfusion due to stimulation. In group-3, we applied cervical spinal cord stimulation to the rabbits with vasospasm. The evaluation between the groups, did not support the significant variation in the individual groups. This was felt to result from different procedures used and datas obtained in each group. The results showed that the stimulation ot the cervical spinal cord was not enough perse, inthe treatment of vasospasm produced in the rabbits (p>0.05). However, we believe that, it can be used as an adjunt to other treatment moda lities. Key Words: SAK, Cerebral vasospazm, Cervical spinal cord stimulusu, SPECT (HMPAO)

Primary intracerebral lymphoma: Case report

International audience(JO 5 juin 1996, p. 8263

Neurosurgery intensive care unit the follow-up of patients healing effect of the patient frequency of patients'relatives visit and communication with the nurse

Amaç: Yoğun bakım ünitesinde fiziksel durumu ağır, yaşam fonksiyonları için destek gereken, kendi gereksinimlerini karşılayamayan ve özel bakım gerektiren hastalar yatmaktadır. Bizde yoğun bakımda hasta ve hemşire iletişimini önem vererek tedavi edilen olgulardan elde ettiğimiz tecrübelerimizi aktarmayı amaçladık. Gereç ve yöntemler: Bu vakalara yoğun bakımda yattıkları süre içerisinde yapılan her invaziv girişim anlatılarak uygulandı. Hasta yakınlarına hasta ile nasıl iletişim kurması gerektiği, hastalığı ile ilgili bilgilendirmeler yapıldı ve ziyaret sıklıkları arttırıldı. Bulgular: Etkin bir iletişim kurduğumuzda, bilinci açık veya kapalı her hasta için yapılan işlemler hastayı bilgilendirerek yaptığımızda hastaların daha uyumlu davrandıklarını ve anksiyete düzeylerinin azaldığını gözlemledik. Aynı zamanda hastanın yoğun bakımda kalma süresini de kısaltarak oluşabilecek enfeksiyonun ve psikolojik sorunlarında önüne geçilmiş olacaktır. Sonuç: Yoğun bakım ortamında etkili, iyi iletişimin kurulması ve gereksinimlerin karşılanması hastaların tedavi ve bakım kalitesinin yükselterek iyileşme ve yoğun bakımdan çıkma sürecini etkilemektedir.Aim: Intensive care unit patients are being treated physical condition severe, support required for life functions, to meet their own needs, and patients requiring special care. We aimed to present our experiences treated in the intensive care unit patients by giving importance to communication with the patient and the nurse obtained. Materials and methods: These cases were explained to invasive procedures during their stay in the intensive care unit in each of the described. Relatives of the patient, how to communicate with the patient should be required, were informed about the disease and Increased frequency of visits. Results: Unconscious or conscious each patient when we had informed the patient, patients behave more in line and we observed decreased levels of anxiety. Same time, by shortening the duration of stay in intensive care patients and will prevent infection, and psychological problems that may occur. Conclusion: Effective in the intensive care environment, the establishment of good communication and meeting patients' needs and raising the quality of care affects the process of recovery and out of intensive care

C1-C2 Posterior Segmental Fixation For Traumatic Atlantoaxial Instability

WOS: 000343369500011Cervical spinal trauma is one of the most frequent causes of disability. Upper cervical spinal trauma, caused by more than one mechanism, is a complex injury which may show various neurological statements. Atlantoaxial fractures are seen frequently after motor vehicle accidents and falls from height. Various treatment modalities defined in the upper cervical spine trauma and surgical treatment technique, so there is still unclear. Seven patients, six male and one female, were surgically treated for symptomatic atlantoaxial instability. The major cause of instability was; motor vehicle accident in six patients and falling from height in one patient. C1-C2 posterior fixation and posterolateral fusion was performed in 7 cases. The fusion and C1-C2 stability were achieved in all cases after 6 months. C1-C2 posterior fixation and fusion technique is a reliable and safe method to treat atlantoaxial instability when followed the given instruction by spinal surgeons. But, further prospective clinical studies will be needed to determine the effectiveness of this technique

Travmatik Atlantoaksiyel instabilitede C1-C2 posterior segmental fiksasyon

Cervical spinal trauma is one of the most frequent causes of disability. Upper cervical spinal trauma, caused by more than one mechanism, is a complex injury which may show various neurological statements. Atlantoaxial fractures are seen frequently after motor vehicle accidents and falls from height. Various treatment modalities defined in the upper cervical spine trauma and surgical treatment technique, so there is still unclear. Seven patients, six male and one female, were surgically treated for symptomatic atlantoaxial instability. The major cause of instability was; motor vehicle accident in six patients and falling from height in one patient. C1-C2 posterior fixation and posterolateral fusion was performed in 7 cases. The fusion and C1-C2 stability were achieved in all cases after 6 months. C1-C2 posterior fixation and fusion technique is a reliable and safe method to treat atlantoaxial instability when followed the given instruction by spinal surgeons. But, further prospective clinical studies will be needed to determine the effectiveness of this technique