Analysis of urban slum disease using geo-spatial and temporal techniques: case study federal capital city of Nigeria

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Gastrointestinal parasitism in local and exotic breeds of chickens reared in Gwagwalada Guinea Savannah zone of Nigeria

The present study was carried out to establish the gastrointestinal parasites in local and exotic breeds of chickens reared in Gwagwalada, Guinea Savannah Zone of Nigeria. It was conducted between July and September, 2014. Two hundred and eighty (280) faecal samples from local and exotic breeds of chicken and 50 intact whole intestines were collected randomly from seven (7) major towns (Gwagwalada, Dobi, Gwako, Giri, Anagada, Tungan Maje and Zuba) in Gwagwalada Area council and examined for gastrointestinal parasites using flotation and sedimentation methods. Six (6) different gastrointestinal parasite eggs and oocytes were identified in 42.5% of the birds examined. Of these parasites, Ascaridia species was found to be the most prevalent (36.1%) among the chickens. Other parasites encountered include; Eimeria oocytes (34.5%), Heterakis species (12.6%), Rallietina species 10.1%; Capillaria species (4.2%) and Syngamus species (2.5%). There were mixed infection of 1.4% among the infected birds. Interestingly, none of the birds examined was infected with trematodes There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in prevalence rate of infection between the local and exotic breeds of chickens. Although males had a higher prevalence of infection than the females in both breeds, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the prevalence of infection among sexes. However, there was significant difference (P<0.05) between the age groups, with highest infection occuring in growers (46.2%). 20 (40%) of the 50 intact whole intestines screened were positive for gastrointestinal parasites by gross examination of intestinal tract. Out of the 20 positive, 12 were nematodes, 3 cestodes and remaining 5 were mixed infections. Therefore, sustainable ways of controlling these parasites at a particular age and further studies on the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in chicken need to be elucidated for improved intensive egg and poultry meat productionsKeywords: Chickens, Exotic, Gastrointestinal, Local, Parasites, Prevalenc

Environmental Impact of Cassava Processing on Residents of Surulere Local Government Area, Oyo State, Nigeria

The paper assessed the impacts of cassava processing industry on the residents of Surulere Local Government Area. Random sampling was employed to administer two hundred and sixty two (262) copies of a structure questionnaire to both the operators (103) and residents (159) in the selected areas. Descriptive statistics was employed to summarize nominal variables, while chi square was used to examine variations in the in the distribution socioeconomic characteristics of operators. The quantity of waste generated was determined using weighting scale and Likert scale rating was used to rate residents perception (RPI) on impacts of cassava processing on the environment. The findings showed that female is most dominant (81.6%) in the operation of cassava production than male. Majority of the cassava production is done in a medium scale (59.2%), (this increases generation of more waste (i.e. cassava peels) in the study area). It was observed from the measurement that cassava tuber with larger size generates more waste (10.50kg) compared to small sized cassava (8.00kg). The major types of pollution perceived by the residents is land pollution (RPI 2.69) and water pollution (RPI 2.48). This implies that waste generated particularly cassava peels and effluent have high negative effect on air environment. On the health impacts majority (33%) of the operators suffer from headache and sometimes ear and sight problems. The study recommended that Government should make adequate provision for facilities like waste packing vehicles to evacuate cassava peels from the immediate working environment. This will undoubtedly enhance effective and proper disposal of wastes. Government should also encourage employees to explore opportunity of turning waste to wealth by drying cassava peels and reselling it as livestock feeds. This will serve as additional income to operators and consequently improve their livelihood.  By adopting these possible recommendations, a sanitary and sustainable environment will be achieved. DOI: 10.7176/CER/11-8-04 Publication date:September 30th 201

Pectinase production by Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus bataviensis, and Paenibacillus sp. isolated from decomposing wood residues in the Lagos lagoon

Three wood decomposing bacteria isolated from the Lagos lagoon, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus bataviensis and Paenibacillus sp. were screened for their pectinase producing abilities using pectin as substrate under submerged fermentation (SMF) conditions. The results showed that all three isolates produced appreciable pectinolytic activities. Paenibacillus sp. showed the highest pectinase activity when compared with the other two isolates. The optimum pH for pectinase activity for both B. megaterium and B. bataviensis was 8.0 while it was 6.5 for Paenibacillus sp., B. bataviensis, and B. megaterium showed optimum pectinase activity at 60°C and Paenibacillus sp. at 40°C. Metal ions such as Na+ and K+ improved the activity of pectinase produced by the three isolates when compared to the effect of Zn2+ and Mn2+. The molecular weights of the enzymes were also estimated by gel filtration as 29,512 da, 32,359 da, and 25,119 da for Paenibacillus sp., B. megaterium and B. bataviensis respectively. The study has provided a platform for further investigation into the biochemical characterization of the enzyme, and optimization of culture conditions to scale up pectinase production for commercial exploitation

Financial Development and Economic Growth in Nigeria: The Case Study of Nigeria

The study analyzed the effect of financial development on economic growth in Nigeria using time series data on annual growth rate of gross domestic product, real interest rate, the ratio of gross domestic savings to GDP, ratio of domestic credit to private sector to GDP over the period 1980 and 2019. While the variables real interest rate, the ratio of gross domestic savings to GDP, ratio of domestic credit to private sector to GDP served as explanatory variable, annual growth rate of gross domestic product was used as the dependent variable. The results indicated that two of the variables (real interest rate, gross domestic savings) are inversely related to the  dependent variable (GDP annual growth rate) when combined together while domestic credit to private sector is positively related to the dependent variable with the coefficient of multiple determination showing that the model is of high good fit  with  approximately 93% of gross domestic product being explained by the variables included in the model, while the remaining 7% are factors inducing growth but were not captured in the model. Thus, the study, therefore, concluded that there is the need to adequately deepen the financial system through innovations, adequate and effective regulation and supervision, efficient mobilization of funds and making such funds available for productive investment, and improved services in order to propel economic growth

Effect of optimizing process variables on the quality characteristics of cassava-wheat composite bread

The optimisation of bread-making process can have a positive impact in ramping up the quality characteristics of cassava-wheat bread to  that of whole wheat bread. In this study, a threevariable Box-Behnken design response surface methodology was employed to investigate and optimise independent variables namely cassava flour composition, water content and proofing time in relation to response variables namely dough yield, loaf specific volume and loaf protein of cassava-wheat-composite bread. The data from the experimental design were fitted into second-order regression models and their validity and reliability were confirmed by analysis of variance. Optimal cassava flour composition, water content and proofing time were derived as; 100 g/kg, 589 g/kg and 90 min, respectively. It was revealed that cassava flour composition had the most effect on the quality characteristics of cassava-wheat-composite bread. At constant cassava flour  composition, increase in water content and proofing time had a positive effect on all the studied quality characteristics of cassava-wheat composite bread. Increase cassava flour composition regardless of proofing time and water content had a negative effect on loaf specific volume and protein. This study has provided bread-making conditions which can be utilised in enhancing the consumer acceptability of cassava-wheat composite bread. &nbsp

Improving yield and cane quality through implementation of harvesting best practice-2019 Herbert demonstration

In 2019, the Australian sugarcane industry conducted a month-long demonstration with 12 trials to determine the commercial viability of harvesting best practice. Initiated by a small group of innovative growers and contractors from the Herbert region, the concept of a commercial demonstration sought to determine both agronomic and economic impacts of adopting HBP, including the assessment of possible yield gains without having a detrimental impact on extraneous matter, and economic implication for growers and harvesting contractors arising from revenue and harvesting cost changes. Two Herbert harvesting contractors participated in the demonstration comparing their standard harvesting practices to Sugar Research Australia Harvesting Best Practice (HBP or recommended practice). The results identified an average 4.8 t/ha increase in yield with no additional increase in extraneous matter for the recommended setting. A comprehensive economic analysis was conducted on each of the trials. Detailed harvesting costs and operational information, including machinery, labour, and fuel data, were collected from the respective harvesting operations. Harvesting costs and levies were $37/ha ($0.07/t) higher for the recommended setting due to higher yields, reduced harvester ground speeds and lower extractor fan speeds. Despite the higher harvesting costs, recommended settings obtained significantly higher total revenue ($151/ha, +4.7$114/ha in the adoption of recommended settings (based on a 4.4% higher net revenue calculated as total grower revenue minus harvesting costs and levies). The Herbert demonstrations have proven instrumental in the acceptance of harvesting best practice for the region. The results again confirm that adapting and aligning commercial-scale harvesting practices to crop and paddock conditions have positive impacts on both yield and economic outcomes

GAMBARAN ASUPAN NUTRISI AKIBAT KEHILANGAN GIGI SEBAGIAN PADA PASIEN DI BAGIAN GIGI DAN MULUT RSUDZA BANDA ACEH JUNI-JULI 2010

Kehilangan gigi sebagian maupun seluruhnya memiliki dampak, yaitu dampak emosional, sistemik, dan fungsional. Terganggunya proses pengunyahan akibat kehilangan gigi dapat mempengaruhi pemilihan makanan sehingga terjadi perubahan pada asupan nutrisi. Perubahan pada gambaran asupan nutrisi memiliki dampak bagi tubuh, seperti terjadinya penyakit kronis, penurunan kemampuan fungsional, dan peningkatan kejadian infeksi sehingga dapat mempengaruhi kualitas hidup pasien. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran asupan nutrisi akibat kehilangan gigi sebagian berdasarkan jumlah gigi yang hilang pada pasien di Bagian Gigi dan Mulut di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Zainal Abidin (RSUDZA) Banda Aceh yang berkunjung pada Bulan Juni-Juli 2010. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian Non Eksperimental dan bersifat Deskriptif Analitik melalui wawancara secara langsung menggunakan kuesioner dengan skala Likert. Tehnik sampling yang digunakan adalah tehnik penarikan sampel Non Propability secara Purposive, dengan jumlah sampel 120 orang yang terdiri dari 53 orang laki-laki (44,17%) dan 67 orang perempuan (55,83%). Sampel yang digunakan adalah pasien dengan kriteria berusia lebih dari 20 tahun, yang kehilangan gigi sebagian dan belum pernah menggunakan gigi tiruan. Pengolahan data dilakukan secara statistik dengan Program SPSS menggunakan uji Chi-Square dan Kruskal-Wallis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan gambaran asupan nutrisi akibat kehilangan gigi sebagian pada pasien dirasakan berubah lebih dari setengah jumlah pasien dengan persentase tertinggi pada perasaan kesulitan memakan makanan yang mengandung protein dan lemak, sedangkan persentase terendah pada perasaan kesulitan memakan makanan yang mengandung vitamin C. Gambaran asupan nutrisi akibat kehilangan gigi sebagian pada pasien berdasarkan jumlah gigi yang hilang secara keseluruhan dirasakan berubah paling tinggi tingkat kesulitannya pada kelompok jumlah gigi yang hilang 22-28 gigi (76,2%) dan terendah yang merasa kesulitan pada kelompok jumlah gigi yang hilang 1-7 gigi (46,8%). Kata kunci:asupan nutrisi, pasien, kehilangan gigi sebagian, tingkat kesulitan.Banda Ace

Development of effective drying technology for quality enhancement of whitings fish (Merlangius merlangius)

A cost effective, affordable and environmental friendly solar tent dryer was developed for production of stockfish from Whitings fish (Merlangius merlangius) that is stable and free of contamination from air borne dust and insects. The dryer was constructed of locally available materials; basically steel and polythene. It was able to record an average differential temperature of 12 oC when compared with the ambient condition. The tent dried fresh samples of Whitings of 25 kg with average moisture content of 80.10% (wet basis) to a final weight of 5.42 kg with average moisture content of 10.13% (wet basis) in four days. Over 75 % overall acceptance was recorded when the stockfish was subjected to sensory analysis. The drying technology reduced the bacterial and fungal count of the fish sample used from initial value of 6.8 CFU/g x 102 and 3.6 CFU/g x 105 to 3.9 CFU/g x 102 and 2.7 CFU/g x 105 respectively. This is below the acceptable safe limit and what is obtainable in stockfish sold in the market. The output could be a good alternative to the imported stockfish in terms of food safety and sensory quality. Most importantly, it would reduce the huge amount of money being spent on importation of stockfish, and more job and wealth will be created for the teeming populace while the lovers of stockfish now have access to freshly processed products that would not endanger their life.Keywords : Stockfish, dryer, sensory, solar, qualit

An Alternative Choice in Heighting

Comparison of orthometric heights obtained from the combination of GPS/Levelling survey method with that obtained from Lidar, Srtm, and Astergdem data is an area of research which is of great interest to Geomaticians. This area of research makes possible the discovery of other suitable methods of determining orthometric height which can be selected for use depending on the region, extent and nature of the terrain where the project is to be executed.The X, Y, Z coordinates and the geoidal heights for all the existing controls within university of Lagos were determined using the GPS/ Levelling survey method, the required orthometric height (H) was then obtained as the differences between ellipsoidal and geoidal heights. Extracting orthometric heights for the X and Y coordinates of observed control points overlaid on each of Lidar, Srtm and Astergdem required the use of spatial analysis tool in an arc map environment. From the profile plot (Figure 3.5) of all the orthometric heights, the heights relationship was easy established. From the descriptive statistics test (Table 3.4), the one way ANOVAs test at 1% and 5% level of significance (Table 3.8), the number of points in other methods whose orthometric height is closed to that of Levelling/GPS method (Table 3.7) and correlation test on the various orthometric heights obtained (Table 3.5) it is obvious that all the applied methods operates at different spatial resolutions, of all the four methods, GPS/Levelling method was the most reliable and most accurate method followed by lidar method, then by astergdem method and Srtm has the least. In a nutshell, Orthometric heights generated by method of Lidar are very close to that generated by GPS/Levelling method at several stations, thus method of Lidar was considered as the most suitable alternative to GPS/Levelling method, whenever the use of later method cannot be easily accomplished.