Analysis of the dependence of winter wheat yielding capacity formation on mineral nutrition in irrigation conditions of southern steppe of Ukraine

This article is dedicated to the research of analysis of the dependence of growth and development of winter wheat varieties Khersonska Awnless and Odeska 267 on conditions of moisture provision and mineral nutrition status, impact of indicated factors and formation of yielding capacity and grain quality. Years of research significantly varied in rainfall amount during growing season. According to moisture supply, 2016 was dry, 2017 was average humid and 2018 was subhumid, which had an impact on grain yield equation. The lowest winter wheat productivity level was formed in 2016. Under supplemental watering without fertilizers the yield of the Khersonska Awnless variety was at the level 2.07 t/ha, and of Odeska 267 variety - 1.51 t/ha. Under provision of vegetative watering, the yielding capacity increased to 3.14 and 2.94 t/ha. Fertilizers also had significant impact on production processes of plants, accumulation of over ground biomass, area of assimilating surface that resulted in the yield increase of winter wheat. On average, over the years of research the most significant influence among considered factors had fertilizers - 43%, irrigation - 32% and variety content of winter wheat - 9%

The issue of Ukraine's accession to the EU analysis of the conditions

Współpraca z Unią Europejską jest priorytetowym obszarem ukraińskiej polityki zagranicznej. Europejski wybór Ukrainy otwiera nowe perspektywy współpracy z rozwiniętymi krajami kontynentu, stwarza możliwości rozwoju gospodarczego, umocnienia pozycji Ukrainy w światowym systemie stosunków międzynarodowych. Jest to jeden z najlepszych sposobów realizacji narodowych interesów. W pracy przyjęto założenie, że większość zbadanych respondentów popiera wejście Ukrainy do UE, uważa, że Ukraina jest gotowa do przystąpienia oraz zagłosuje za wejściem Ukrainy do Unii Europejskiej. Do weryfikacji postawionej hipotezy wybrano właściwą metodę badawczą. Metodę kwestionariuszową, pogłębioną analizą raportów, opracowań statystycznych oraz publikacji teoretycznych na badany temat. Rezultaty przeprowadzonego badania potwierdziły hipotezę badawczą, zgodnie z którą większość badanych respondentów popiera wejście Ukrainy do Unii Europejskiej. Wiek oraz wykształcenie mają wpływ na opinię respondentów. Przedstawiona analiza porównawcza pokazała, że większość społeczeństwa ma pozytywne nastawienie do UE i chce, żeby Ukraina weszła do jej składu, ale razem z tym istnieje duża część obywateli Ukrainy, która nie jest skłonna do integracji europejskiej. Istnieje bardzo dużo czynników które wpływają na kształtowanie się poglądów na temat integracji europejskiej, pozytywnych jak i negatywnych.Na Ukrainie istnieje wiele nierozwiązanych problemów, które utrudniają przystąpienie do Unii Europejskiej. Jednym z pierwszych jest opóźnienie we wdrażaniu reform wewnętrznych, słabość administracyjnego i instytucjonalnego wsparcia w procesie integracji europejskiej. Generalizując, Ukraina musi znacząco zmienić proces wdrażania polityki gospodarczej i finansowej w celu integracji z UE.Cooperation with the European Union is a priority area of Ukrainian foreign policy. The European choice of Ukraine opens new prospects for cooperation with developed countries, creates opportunities for economic development, strengthening Ukraine's position in the global system of international relations. This is one of the best ways to realize national interests.It has been assumed that the majority of respondents supports Ukraine's accession to the EU, believes that Ukraine is ready for accession and will vote for Ukraine's accession to the European Union. In order to verify the hypothesis, it was used precisely selected research. A questionnaire method, an in-depth analysis of reports, statistical reports and documents relating to examined topic.The research hypothesis has been confirmed, according to which the majority of respondents support Ukraine's accession to the European Union. Age and education affect on the opinion of respondents. The comparative analysis has shown that the majority of population has positive attitude towards the EU and wants Ukraine to become a part of UE, but also there is a large part of Ukrainian citizens who are not inclined to European integration. There are a lot of factors that affect the shaping of views on European integration both positive and negative.There are many unresolved problems in Ukraine that hinder accession to the European Union. Among them the most important are: the delay in implementing internal reforms, the weakness of administrative and institutional support in the process of European integration.Generally, Ukraine has to change the process of implementing economic and financial policy significantly in order to integrate with the EU

The influence of technology elements on the production of bioethanol from sugar sorghum

The search for promising raw materials for the production of bioethanol is an urgent task of the present. An effective sugar crop for bioethanol production is sugar sorghum, which per hectare of crops provides 90-100 t / ha of biomass with sugar content of 18-20%. The article presents the results of the influence of mineral nutrition on the productivity and yield of bioethanol from sugar sorghum plants in the zone of the Western Forest-steppe of Ukraine. Investigation of the elements of the technology of cultivating sugar sorghum for the production of biofuels was conducted with the Sugar 1 variety and the Hybrid Honey F1 in three grades of nutrient backgrounds - no fertilizers, N90P90K90 and N120P120K120 using herbicide 2,4-D. For the introduction of sorghum herbicide 2,4-D in the steps of 1.5 l / ha in the phase of 3-4 leaves, there was a good increase in plant height and diameter of the stems. The increase in the yield of green mass of sorghum compared to non-fertilized control at the rate of N90P90K90 introduction into the Sugar 1 variety was 6.1 tons / ha, and the Hybrid Honey F1 was 6.5 tons / ha; for the norm N120P120K120 - respectively 7.9 and 8.6 t / ha. The yield of bioethanol by sorts of sorghum on the background of the introduction of N90P90K90 was respectively 2.18 and 2.27 t / ha, solid fuels - respectively 11.9 and 12.4 t / ha, bioenergy - respectively 243 and 254 GJ; on the background of the introduction of N120P120K120 and the application of 2,4-D herbicide, the bioethanol yield was 2.25 and 2.32 t / ha respectively, solid fuels - respectively 12.3 and 12.6 t / ha, bioenergy - respectively 252 and 259 GJ

Analysis of the dependence of winter wheat yielding capacity formation on mineral nutrition in irrigation conditions of southern steppe of Ukraine

This article is dedicated to the research of analysis of the dependence of growth and development of winter wheat varieties Khersonska Awnless and Odeska 267 on conditions of moisture provision and mineral nutrition status, impact of indicated factors and formation of yielding capacity and grain quality. Years of research significantly varied in rainfall amount during growing season. According to moisture supply, 2016 was dry, 2017 was average humid and 2018 was subhumid, which had an impact on grain yield equation. The lowest winter wheat productivity level was formed in 2016. Under supplemental watering without fertilizers the yield of the Khersonska Awnless variety was at the level 2.07 t/ha, and of Odeska 267 variety - 1.51 t/ha. Under provision of vegetative watering, the yielding capacity increased to 3.14 and 2.94 t/ha. Fertilizers also had significant impact on production processes of plants, accumulation of over ground biomass, area of assimilating surface that resulted in the yield increase of winter wheat. On average, over the years of research the most significant influence among considered factors had fertilizers - 43%, irrigation - 32% and variety content of winter wheat - 9%

Heavy Metals in Soil and Plants During Revegetation of Coal Mine Spoil Tips and Surrounded Territories

Coal mining in Donbas is a global problem as it causes the destabilization of ecological landscapes. Spoil tips, covering almost 52% of the territory, alter the topography of the land, affect the ecosystem, and decrease soil fertility. The soils become degraded and are unsuitable for agricultural use. The occupation of the Donetsk region by the Russian Federation has suspended the observation and research of man-made influence on this territory, which is a major concern for the scientific community. To reduce the negative impact of spoil tips, it is necessary to slow down the process of pyrite oxidation and the formation of toxic substances, as well as the migration of heavy metals due to erosion. Biological reclamation with grass and woody plants can help in achieving this goal. Another urgent issue is the constant supervision and assessment of the suitability of the bedrock of coal mines for agricultural use. The study investigated the total and mobile content of heavy metals in the rock samples from the “South Donbaska-1” mine, ordinary chernozem (background soil), and vegetation growing on the spoil tip. The results showed that the content of Co, Cr, Cu, and Fe in the rock of the spoil tip is higher than in the background soils. The content of heavy metals gradually decreases as the distance from the spoil tip increases. The content of Pb in ordinary chernozem and rock is practically the same, indicating its active migration. An analysis of the biomass of plant samples growing on the spoil tip showed that the content of Co, Cu, and Zn was within the limits of the threshold limiting values. However, the content of other studied elements exceeded the permissible norms. The research results provide information on the ecological state of the spoil tip and can be used for recreational as well as reclamation works in these areas

Heavy Metals in Soil and Plants During Revegetation of Coal Mine Spoil Tips and Surrounded Territories

Coal mining in Donbas is a global problem as it causes the destabilization of ecological landscapes. Spoil tips, covering almost 52% of the territory, alter the topography of the land, affect the ecosystem, and decrease soil fertility. The soils become degraded and are unsuitable for agricultural use. The occupation of the Donetsk region by the Russian Federation has suspended the observation and research of man-made influence on this territory, which is a major concern for the scientific community. To reduce the negative impact of spoil tips, it is necessary to slow down the process of pyrite oxidation and the formation of toxic substances, as well as the migration of heavy metals due to erosion. Biological reclamation with grass and woody plants can help in achieving this goal. Another urgent issue is the constant supervision and assessment of the suitability of the bedrock of coal mines for agricultural use. The study investigated the total and mobile content of heavy metals in the rock samples from the "South Donbaska-1" mine, ordinary chernozem (background soil), and vegetation growing on the spoil tip. The results showed that the content of Co, Cr, Cu, and Fe in the rock of the spoil tip is higher than in the background soils. The content of heavy metals gradually decreases as the distance from the spoil tip increases. The content of Pb in ordinary chernozem and rock is practically the same, indicating its active migration. An analysis of the biomass of plant samples growing on the spoil tip showed that the content of Co, Cu, and Zn was within the limits of the threshold limiting values. However, the content of other studied elements exceeded the permissible norms. The research results provide information on the ecological state of the spoil tip and can be used for recreational as well as reclamation works in these areas