Determining the Environmental Awareness of Local People and Effects of Socio-Economic Features upon Environmental Awareness: the Case Study of Kırklareli

Bu çalşmanın amacı, yoğun çevresel baskıların görüldüğü, Türkiye' nin Avrupa kıtasında yer alan Kırklareli ilinde yaşayan halkın ülkesel, bölgesel ve yerel boyutta çevre sorunlarına karşı duyarlılıklarını saptamak ve çevre bilincinin arttırılabilmesi için önerilerin geliştirilmesidir. Bu amaçla, Kırklareli ilinde 402 adet anket yüzyüze görüşme yöntemiyle Ocak-Temmuz 2014 tarihleri arasında uygulanmıştır. Sonuçlar, SSPS programıyla analiz edilmiştir. Ankette bireylerin sosyo-ekonomik durumlarına gore 'çevresel bilinç', değerleri sorgulanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda Trakya Bölgesindeki üç ilin ortalama 'çevresel duyarlılık' puanı 64,02 olarak hesaplanmıştır.Aim of this study is to determine awareness of people, who dwell in Kırklareli situated in Thracian Region, which lies in the European part of Turkey and is seen to receive intense environmental pressure, related to environmental problems in national, regional and local scale and to develop proposals to increase environmental awareness. For this reason, questionnaire study was applied in 2014 to 402 people through face-to-face interviewing method in Kırklareli. In the questionnaire, ‘environmental awareness’ levels of individuals have been questioned according to their socio-economic conditions. In the results of the research, average ‘environmental awareness’ score of three districts in the Kırklareli has been calculated as 64,02

Explaining the Inequality Puzzles in the Turkish Labour Market

Turkey constitutes an economic and cultural bridge between the Eastern and the Western world and through its development process it has become an industrial, urbanised country with stronger relations to the global economy. The overall purpose of this thesis is to analyse the Turkish labour market in order to understand the unusual inequality patterns that are observed in it over the post 2000 period. The first empirical study presented in Chapter 2 investigates the underlying reasons for the decrease in wage inequality in Turkey. The results of the study show that the increasing supply of the educated labour, which is due to increases in the number of universities and the reform to the education system which increased the years of compulsory education, played a substantial role in the decreasing wage inequality in Turkey between 2002 and 2010. Chapter 3 analyses the relationship between domestic violence, traditional social norms, and female autonomy in the household which is one of the factors that plays an important role in the labour force participation decision of women in Turkey. The findings of the analyses suggest that: domestic violence has a negative effect on female autonomy; female autonomy in turn has a significant and negative effect on domestic violence; and finally the strength of the husband’s social norms on traditional gender roles positively affects the risk of violence. The final empirical study of the thesis presented in chapter 4 focuses on the structure of the informal sector employment in Turkey. The results of the empirical analysis suggest a heterogeneous structure for the informal sector in Turkey in which the lower tier consists of workers who involuntarily participate in the informal sector and the higher tier includes the workers who voluntarily choose to be in the informal sector

Design and implementation of a verb lexicon and verb sense disambiguator for Turkish

Ankara : Department of Computer Engineering and Information Science and Institute of Engineering and Science, Bilkent University, 1994.Thesis (Master's) -- -Bilkent University, 1994.Includes bibliographical refences.The lexicon has a crucial role in all natural language processing systems and has special importance in machine translation systems. This thesis presents the design and implementation of a verb lexicon and a verb sense disambigua- tor for Turkish. The lexicon contains only verbs because verbs encode events in sentences and play the most important role in natural language processing systems, especially in parsing (syntactic analyzing) and machine translation. The verb sense disambiguator uses the information stored in the verb lexicon that we developed. The main purpose of this tool is to disambiguate senses of verbs having several meanings, some of which are idiomatic. We also present a tool implemented in Lucid Common Lisp under X-Windows for adding, accessing, modifying, and removing entries of the lexicon, and a semantic concept ontology containing semantic features of commonly used Turkish nouns.Yılmaz, OkanM.S

A multi-center retrospective analysis of healthcare workers after COVID-19: Epidemiological and clinical features

Objective: Concerns regarding the high-level risk of infection among healthcare workers (HCWs) increased after COVID19 was declared as a pandemic in March 2020. Inadequate infection control owing to a shortage of personal protective equipment or an inconvenient usage of infection control measures may play a significant role in transmission to/among healthcare personnel. The study aimed to determine the characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients who are healthcare workers along with possible transmission routes of COVID-19 in four different healthcare facilities in Istanbul. Methods: All hospital records were reviewed retrospectively. Demographic and clinical characteristics of HCWs were documented, and all infected HCWs were subjected to a phone-based mini-questionnaire and three-dimensional test (TDT). All statistical analyses were done using statistical packages SPSS Demo Ver 22 (SPSS Inc. Chicago, IL, USA).Results: Clinical features of COVID-19 were similar to the general public's characteristics. The most frequent symptoms were cough, fever, and headache. HCWs with the O blood group tend to have asymptomatic COVID-19 infection. Hospital workers other than medical professionals have a lack of convenience of infection control measures. The median duration of PCR negativity was 9 days. HCWs who had a sore throat at the beginning of COVID-19 have a longer PCR-positive duration.Conclusion: Understanding the clinical features or characteristics of asymptomatic COVID-19 carriers may aid in the implementation of a feasible screening program for early detection. It is strongly advised that proper infection control precautions, education, and auditing of nonclinical staff be implemented. As a result, transmission among healthcare workers can be avoided

Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio, Monocyte-Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet-Lymphocyte Ratio in Manic Episode Patients with Bipolar Disorder

Objective: Inflammation is one of several etiopathological mechanisms contributing to bipolar disorder. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are relatively cheap hematological parameters recommended to measure the level of inflammation. In this study, the NLR, MLR, and PLR values of the same patients during manic and euthymic periods were compared to a healthy control group. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on inpatients with bipolar disorder manic episodes at the University Faculty of Medicine psychiatry clinic. Ninety-nine patients with manic episodes of bipolar disorder and age and gender-matched 101 volunteers without prior psychiatric illness were included in the study. Neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, and platelet counts during the disease period were recorded, and NLR, MLR, and PLR values were calculated from these values. Similar hematological parameters of the same patients in the euthymic period after discharge were compared. Results: Patients with manic episodes were shown to have significantly higher neutrophil, platelet, NLR, MLR, and PLR levels than the control group (p\u3c0.001). Monocyte count was significantly lower in manic episode patients compared to controls (p\u3c0.001). Neutrophil and monocyte counts were significantly lower during the euthymic period compared to the control group, while NLR, MLR, and PLR levels were higher (p\u3c0.001). Conclusions: The fact that NLR, MLR, and PLR are higher in BD patients compared to the healthy control group in both manic and euthymic periods indicates that they can be used as trait biomarkers

STRUKTURA POPULACIJE I RAST CRVENPERKE, Scardinius erythrophthalmus (L., 1758), IZ EUTROFNOG JEZERA U JUŽNOJ ANATOLIJI

A total of 1329 samples were collected from monthly sampling between November 2009 and October 2010 in order to analyze growth features and population structure of rudd Scardinius erythrophthalmus living in Lake Ladik which has eutrophic character. The fork length (FL) ranged from 9.8 to 21.4 cm and the body weight (W) ranged from 13.62 to 200.68 g. Based on lapillus readings, the maximum age was 7 years. The overall ratio of female to male was 1:0.16. The von Bertalanffy growth equation parameters were calculated as L∞ = 39.32 cm, W∞ = 1504.92 g, k = 0.08, t0 = -1.08 for females, and L∞ = 28.19 cm, W∞ = 448.03 g, k = 0.13, t0 = -1.19 for males. Length-weight relationship for females and males was found as W = 0.0060 FL3.386 and W = 0.0078 FL3.282, respectively. The Fulton’s condition factor (K) showed an upward trend with reference to age and length groups in both sex. The value of mean K was computed as 1.737 for females, 1.667 for males and 1.727 for combined sexes. This study provides the initial data on population structure, growth features and condition of rudd in Lake Ladik. Obtained data have shown that population is comprised of young individuals and that the growth rate of the species is slow.Prikupljeno je ukupno 1329 uzoraka mjesečnim uzorkovanjem između studenog 2009. i listopada 2010. radi analize mogućnosti rasta i strukture populacije crvenperke, Scardinius erythrophthalmus, koja obitava u eutrofnom jezeru Ladik. Dužina do vilice (FL) kretala se u rasponu od 9,8 do 21,4 cm, a tjelesna težina (W) u rasponu 13,62-200,68 g. Na temelju čitanja otolita (lapillus), maksimalna dob iznosila je sedam godina. Ukupni omjer ženki i mužjaka je iznosio 1: 0,16. Von Bertalanffy-evi parametri rasta su izračunati kao L∞ = 39,32 cm, W∞ = 1504,92 g, k = 0,08, t0 = -1,08 za ženke i L∞ = 28,19 cm W∞ = 448,03 g, k = 0,13, t0 = -1,19 za mužjake. Dužinsko maseni odnos prikazan je jednadžbom W = 0,0060 FL3,386 za ženke i W = 0,0078 FL3,282za mužjake. Fultonovim kondicijskim faktorom (K) prikazan je uzlazni trend s obzirom na dob i duljinu skupina u oba spola. Srednja vrijednost K iznosila je 1,737 za ženke, 1,667 za mužjake i 1,727 za oba spola. Ova studija daje podatke o strukturi populacija, mogućnosti rasta i kondicije crvenperke iz jezera Ladik. Dobiveni podaci pokazali su da se populacije sastoje od mlađih individua, a stopa rasta vrste je spora