Requerimientos de un sistema de gestión para la enseñanza en contextos socioculturales trilingües. Caso: Archipiélago San Andrés, providencia y Santa Catalina

Maestría en Educación - Modalidad VirtualSan Andrés is an island of Colombia that has a presence in three languages, which interact in different spaces, Spanish, Kriuol and English. The educational system, ignoring this linguistic diversity, indiscriminately implements a monolingual education in Spanish despite all the norms that force the fulfillment of a bilingual education. Law 115 of 1993 establishes that in the territories of ethnic groups with their own linguistic tradition, education must be bilingual, taking as a school foundation the mother tongue of the respective group. This indicates that the educational system of ethnic territories such as San Andrés should have a bilingual or trilingual peculiarity, to avoid the traumatism of the child who arrives at the classroom being monolingual in his Creole language. That is why this study is carried out, which aims to define the requirements of a management system for teaching in trilingual sociocultural contexts, such as San Andres Island. To achieve this proposed achievement, two information-gathering techniques were used, an interview with the teaching directors of the three educational establishments located in the sectors of the Island where this condition is mostly evident and a documentary analysis of different authors about two of the research variables, teaching profile and pedagogical strategy. The results obtained indicate that the requirements for the implementation of a trilingual education system in San Andrés are: an adequate management of the principal, a positive relationship between the school and the environment, a teaching profile and a relevant pedagogical practice.San Andrés es una isla de Colombia que tiene presencia de tres idiomas, que interactúan en diferentes espacios, el español, kriuol e inglés. El sistema educativo ignorando esta diversidad lingüística, implementa indiscriminadamente, una educación monolingüe en castellano a pesar de todas las normas que obligan al cumplimiento de una educación bilingüe. La Ley 115 de 1993, establece que en los territorios de los grupos étnicos con tradición lingüística propia, la enseñanza, debe ser bilingüe, tomando como fundamento escolar la lengua materna del respectivo grupo. Esto indica que el sistema educativo de los territorios étnicos como San Andrés, debería tener una particularidad bilingüe o trilingüe, para evitar el traumatismo del niño que llega al aula siendo monolingüe en su lengua criolla. Es por ello que se realiza este estudio, que tiene como objetivo, definir los requerimientos de un sistema de gestión para la enseñanza en contextos socioculturales trilingües, como San Andrés Isla. Para alcanzar este logro propuesto, se utilizaron dos técnicas de recolección de información, una entrevista a los directivos docentes de los tres establecimientos educativos ubicados en los sectores de la Isla donde mayormente se evidencia esta condición y un análisis documental de diferentes autores acerca de dos de las variables de investigación, perfil docentes y estrategia pedagógica. Los resultados obtenidos señalan que los requerimientos para la implementación de un sistema de enseñanza trilingüe en San Andrés, son: una adecuada gestión del directivo, unas relaciones positivas del establecimiento con el entorno un perfil docente y una práctica pedagógica pertinent

Uncertainty in Petrophysical Evaluation of Thin-Bed Reservoirs in Greater Dolphin Area, Trinidad & Tobago

Acceptable data quality for formation evaluation forms the foundation for understanding the reservoir characterization, Petrophysical properties and pay zones identification. The data quality becomes more challenging in the thin-bed reservoirs (also known as ‘Low resistivity pay’ often abbreviated as LowReP), which poses a significant trial for field development to quantify the volumes in place and producibility."Greater Dolphin Area" (GDA) located within the East Coast Marine Area (ECMA) off Trinidad consists of several fields out of which this paper will be focusing on the Dolphin and Starfish fields. The reservoirs consist of a series of stacked Pleistocene sands with good porosity and permeability within a three-way-dip closure against a large growth fault. Thin-beds have been observed, verified and documented throughout this area via core acquisition, core photographs and PLT analysis. As aforementioned, due to the low resistivity pay reservoirs characteristics in Starfish and Dolphin fields, these often been overlooked or interpreted to be water-bearing, when surveyed with conventional resistivity logging tools. These thinly bedded pay section hydrocarbon volumes have significantly been underestimated between 50% – 200% deposits.Several thin-bed methodologies have been employed for the Petrophysical modelling to support the field development planning using conventional legacy approach and Shell "Low Resistivity Pay" (LowReP) based tool response modelling and inversion methods workflow to resolve the issues associated with the presence of thin beds. This paper investigates the different methods of resolving the thin bed analysis problem and demonstrates the uncertainty of the results from each methodology on the Petrophysical properties and hydrocarbon volumes estimation