3,067 research outputs found
Review of Nuclear Reactions at the AGS
Results from p+A and A+A collisions from the beam energies 2-18 AGeV/c are
reviewed with emphasis on the properties of dense hadronic matter, and its
implications for claims that a new state of matter has been formed at the SPS.Comment: 10 pages, 15 figures, quark matter 2001 proceeding
Raised cortisol excretion rate in urine and contamination by topical steroids
No abstract available
Dissipative effects on the sustainment of a magnetorotational dynamo in Keplerian shear flow
The magnetorotational (MRI) dynamo has long been considered one of the
possible drivers of turbulent angular momentum transport in astrophysical
accretion disks. However, various numerical results suggest that this dynamo
may be difficult to excite in the astrophysically relevant regime of magnetic
Prandtl number (Pm) significantly smaller than unity, for reasons currently not
well understood. The aim of this article is to present the first results of an
ongoing numerical investigation of the role of both linear and nonlinear
dissipative effects in this problem. Combining a parametric exploration and an
energy analysis of incompressible nonlinear MRI dynamo cycles representative of
the transitional dynamics in large aspect ratio shearing boxes, we find that
turbulent magnetic diffusion makes the excitation and sustainment of this
dynamo at moderate magnetic Reynolds number (Rm) increasingly difficult for
decreasing Pm. This results in an increase in the critical Rm of the dynamo for
increasing kinematic Reynolds number (Re), in agreement with earlier numerical
results. Given its very generic nature, we argue that turbulent magnetic
diffusion could be an important determinant of MRI dynamo excitation in disks,
and may also limit the efficiency of angular momentum transport by MRI
turbulence in low Pm regimes.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figure
Magnetorotational dynamo chimeras. The missing link to turbulent accretion disk dynamo models?
In Keplerian accretion disks, turbulence and magnetic fields may be jointly
excited through a subcritical dynamo process involving the magnetorotational
instability (MRI). High-resolution simulations exhibit a tendency towards
statistical self-organization of MRI dynamo turbulence into large-scale cyclic
dynamics. Understanding the physical origin of these structures, and whether
they can be sustained and transport angular momentum efficiently in
astrophysical conditions, represents a significant theoretical challenge. The
discovery of simple periodic nonlinear MRI dynamo solutions has recently proven
useful in this respect, and has notably served to highlight the role of
turbulent magnetic diffusion in the seeming decay of the dynamics at low
magnetic Prandtl number Pm (magnetic diffusivity larger than viscosity), a
common regime in accretion disks. The connection between these simple
structures and the statistical organization reported in turbulent simulations
remained elusive, though. Here, we report the numerical discovery in moderate
aspect ratio Keplerian shearing boxes of new periodic, incompressible,
three-dimensional nonlinear MRI dynamo solutions with a larger dynamical
complexity reminiscent of such simulations. These "chimera" cycles are
characterized by multiple MRI-unstable dynamical stages, but their basic
physical principles of self-sustainment are nevertheless identical to those of
simpler cycles found in azimuthally elongated boxes. In particular, we find
that they are not sustained at low Pm either due to subcritical turbulent
magnetic diffusion. These solutions offer a new perspective into the transition
from laminar to turbulent instability-driven dynamos, and may prove useful to
devise improved statistical models of turbulent accretion disk dynamos.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figures, submitted to A&
Turbulence and angular momentum transport in a global accretion disk simulation
The global development of magnetohydrodynamic turbulence in an accretion disk
is studied within a simplified disk model that omits vertical stratification.
Starting with a weak vertical seed field, a saturated state is obtained after a
few tens of orbits in which the energy in the predominantly toroidal magnetic
field is still subthermal. The efficiency of angular momentum transport,
parameterized by the Shakura-Sunyaev alpha parameter, is of the order of 0.1.
The dominant contribution to alpha comes from magnetic stresses, which are
enhanced by the presence of weak net vertical fields. The power spectra of the
magnetic fields are flat or decline only slowly towards the largest scales
accessible in the calculation, suggesting that the viscosity arising from MHD
turbulence may not be a locally determined quantity. I discuss how these
results compare with observationally inferred values of alpha, and possible
implications for models of jet formation.Comment: ApJ Letters, in press. The paper and additional visualizations are
available at http://www.cita.utoronto.ca/~armitage/global_abs.htm
Lattice Gauge Fixing and the Violation of Spectral Positivity
Spectral positivity is known to be violated by some forms of lattice gauge
fixing. The most notable example is lattice Landau gauge, where the effective
gluon mass is observed to rise rather than fall with increasing distance. We
trace this violation to the use of quenched auxiliary fields in the lattice
gauge fixing process, and show that violation of spectral positivity is a
general feature of quenching. We illustrate this with a simple quenched
mass-mixing model in continuum field theory, and with a quenched form of the
Ising model. For lattice gauge fixing associated with Abelian projection and
lattice Landau gauge, we show that spectral positivity is violated by processes
similar to those found in quenched QCD. For covariant gauges parametrized by a
gauge-fixing parameter , the SU(2) gluon propagator is well described
by a simple quenched mass-mixing formula. The gluon mass parameter appears to
be independent of for sufficiently large .Comment: 8 pages, 6 eps figures, RevTeX4; shortene
An updated review of the toxicology and ecotoxicology of sodium fluoroacetate (1080) in relation to its use as a pest control tool in New Zealand
Sodium fluoroacetate (1080) is a vertebrate pesticide, originally developed in the 1940s and principally
used for the control of unwanted introduced animals in New Zealand and Australia. Fluoroacetate is also a
toxic component of poisonous plants found in Australia, Africa, South America, and India. In relation to its use
as a pesticide, recent research has focused on further elucidation of its potential sub-lethal effects, on animal
welfare issues, on understanding and reducing its risk to non-target species, on its ecotoxicology, and fate in the
environment following use in baits. 1080 acts by interfering with cellular energy production through inhibition
of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and lethal doses can kill animal pests within 6–48 h of eating baits. Exposure
to sub-lethal doses has been shown to have harmful effects on the heart and testes in animal studies, and strict
safety precautions are enforced to protect contractors and workers in the pest control industry. Considerable
care must be taken when using 1080 for the control of animal pests. Primary poisoning of non-target birds and
secondary poisoning of dogs must be minimised to ensure that benefits in terms of conservation outcomes and
pest and disease control significantly outweigh the risks associated with its use. Despite over 60 years of research
and practical experience, the use of 1080 is still embroiled in controversy, while research efforts continue to
improve its target specificity when it is used as a conservation tool or for Tb vector control
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