This Is Just A Test: Overcoming High-Stakes Test Anxiety through Relaxation and Gum Chewing When Preparing for the ACT

This study was a replication of a previous study (in which) participants were given relaxation and deep breathing training to help manage test anxiety. The study examined the correlations between relaxation strategies, gum chewing and variables including socioeconomic status, class rank, GPA, and importance of going to college. Participants included 96 high school students (36 males, 60 females), preparing for the ACT (American College Testing). Results indicated that the relaxation intervention had a significant effect in reducing test anxiety

This Is Just A Test: Overcoming High-Stakes Test Anxiety through Relaxation and Gum Chewing When Preparing for the ACT

This study was a replication of a previous study (in which) participants were given relaxation and deep breathing training to help manage test anxiety. The study examined the correlations between relaxation strategies, gum chewing and variables including socioeconomic status, class rank, GPA, and importance of going to college. Participants included 96 high school students (36 males, 60 females), preparing for the ACT (American College Testing). Results indicated that the relaxation intervention had a significant effect in reducing test anxiety

The LIS Virtual Library: A case study of library support for an iSchool

What impact has the iSchool movement had on the collections and service programs of the libraries at universities that are homes to iSchools? How are academic libraries meeting the information needs of iSchool faculty and students? At the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign (UI), the expansion of the curriculum and research agenda of the Graduate School of Library and Information Science (GSLIS) to encompass the far-reaching perspectives of an interdisciplinary iSchool influenced the development of a new service model for library support. The library was also challenged to support GSLIS???s very successful online MLIS and Certificate of Advanced Study degree programs. At the UI, a system of distributed, departmental libraries has been in place since the 19th century. A separate Library & Information Science (LIS) Library was housed in the Main Library facility from the 1920s until May 2009, when its collections were merged into other libraries. The new model for LIS library services combines a more robust virtual presence with an intensified human presence in the GSLIS building. These changes are part of a much larger initiative to create a more flexible organizational structure for the University Library overall ??? a structure that recognizes the increasingly interdisciplinary nature of academic inquiry, the critical importance of digital information resources, and the opportunities for collaborative approaches to the provision of library services and collections using information technology. [1] Over the past decade, these themes have been echoed repeatedly in studies of library use, scholarly information-seeking, and the future of the academic library. [2] Recent writings have also affirmed the value of subject specialist librarians and library services targeted to communities of scholarship and practice. [3] This case study of a change process that is still in progress highlights the tensions and opportunities that are created for the library system when an academic unit shifts and enlarges it scholarly focus. At the UI, evidence (both quantitative and qualitative) about library user behavior and needs was brought to bear on the decision-making and planning processes. Members of the UI???s iSchool community were involved, as well as members of the University Library???s faculty and staff, in charting a future for library collections and services for LIS and related fields. For example, the School???s Associate Dean served on the planning team, and cataloging instructors advised on the retention and relocation of reference sources for teaching and performing cataloging. Most notably, a team consisting of the LIS Librarian and two students, within the traditional framework of an independent study course, spearheaded the transformation of the LIS Library???s former web site into a ???virtual library??? and portal to disciplinary information. [4] The enrolled students had individual learning goals which were met by readings, consultations with experts, and hands-on design and problem-solving work. The team conducted a round of usabilty testing, using Morae software, which led to significant design revisions before the site went live. Since the launch of the website in August 2009, further valuable critiques have been offered by students in the online GSLIS course, Interfaces to Information Systems. While the site design is constrained by the limitations of the Library???s content management system (OpenCMS) and locally mandated design templates, the University Library places almost no restrictions on content or organization of subject-specific websites within its domain. Therefore, the design team was able to organize the information in ways helpful to the UI iSchool community and the wider audience of information professionals on campus. The CMS structure permits easy updating and modification of the site. The site itself provides opportunities for users to suggest additional content and/or comment on the design. The site incorporates newly-acquired resources and tools, such as the ???LIS Easy Search,??? a federated search across three major LIS journal indexes, local and consortial online catalogs, ebook sources, and the UI???s institutional repository. This new feature was developed after the planning team undertook a survey of LIS Library users, which revealed that the virtual service most valued by students is access to LIS-specific databases. In contrast, the same survey showed that faculty users of the LIS Library online valued most highly its virtual new books shelf. Because new LIS books were no longer directed to a single physical location after the closure of the LIS Library, the new virtual library incorporates a complex search of the University Library???s database of new books, in order to gather together records for LIS titles. Other services of the LIS Virtual Library include a news section and an expanded, subject-categorized set of links to e-resources, both licensed and open access. Some new content aims to bridge the gap between the user???s experience of the old physical library and the new virtual one--for example, pages explaining where LIS printed books and journals may now be found in the UI???s vast library system. Like most academic libraries, the LIS Library at UI has been shifting from mostly print to mostly digital collections over the past several years. On the one hand, the closing of the physical library was simply an inevitable evolutionary stage, responsive to increasing digital publishing and changing modes of scholarly information-seeking. On the other hand, many users experienced the closure as a decisive and even tectonic shift in their personal information worlds. Relevant print materials are still collected and housed in appropriate campus libraries, but the LIS Virtual Library is now, for most purposes, _the_ library for the iSchool. The increased presence of the LIS Librarian in the GSLIS building helps to keep users connected with the resources of the University Library and bridges the gap between the old service model and the new. The transformation of the LIS Library demonstrates how a successful transition from a traditional information service model to a new one must be grounded in knowledge of the unique needs and customs of the library, university, and population of users. Further, it demonstrated that the University Library can involve iSchool students in meaningful projects that both further their learning and contribute to the improvement of information services. The evolution of library services is a noticeable impact of the iSchool movement, as the UI example proves

Configurations d'interactions et incidence des préoccupations dans l'intervention de l'ergothérapeute

Using the example of occupational therapy, this research considers vocations involving interventions on human activity (Barbier, 2017). More specifically, this work focalizes on the processes involved in the interactions between the professional and the patient. As an allied-health professional, the occupational therapist seeks to address the various challenges which people face in their daily life activities. The moments of exchange between these parties constitute for the occupational therapist, privileged spaces for the construction and conduct of their intervention. Founded upon an activity oriented approach (Barbier, Durand, 2003), and using a “course of action” methodological framework (Theureau, 2004), this empirical study explores different modes of communication across situations in occupational therapy practice, providing detailed analysis of characteristic interactions during these interventions. This analysis presents a detailed examination of articulated data sets (discourse analysis of interactions, behavioural observations of interactions, discourse analysis of descriptions of interactions) obtained through audiovisual recordings of interactions between professionals and their patients. These results, interpreted in terms of configurations, bring to light mechanisms of mutual influence exerted by these actors. One in particular, expressed here as "concern" (préoccupation), denotes the effect of the other parties on the orientation of the professional's intervention. We advance that the study and consideration of these mechanisms of mutual influence represents training objects for the profession of occupational therapist and respond to the professional challenges of this field of practice.Prenant comme terrain d’étude l’intervention des ergothérapeutes, la recherche s’inscrit dans le champ des métiers d’intervention sur l’activité d’autrui (Barbier, 2017). Elle se donne pour objet les processus à l’œuvre dans le cadre des interactions entre le professionnel et le patient. Professionnel paramédical cherchant à agir sur les difficultés rencontrées par les personnes dans leurs activités quotidiennes, les moments de relation avec l’autre constituent pour l’ergothérapeute des espaces privilégiés de construction et de conduite de son intervention. A partir d’une approche orientée par l’activité (Barbier, Durand, 2003) et un ancrage méthodologique du « cours d’action » (Theureau, 2004), l’étude empirique se focalise et analyse différents modes de communication lors de situations d’interaction caractéristiques de ces moments d’intervention. Cette analyse repose sur une articulation fine de différents types de données (données discursives des interactions, données d’observation du comportement des acteurs en interaction, données discursives de description sur les interactions), permise par l’enregistrement audiovisuel des interactions. L’interprétation des résultats, en termes de configurations, rend compte des mécanismes d’influences mutuelles exercés par les acteurs. La spécification de l’un d’entre eux, sous la notion de « préoccupation », rend particulièrement visible la mobilité des positions occupées dans les interactions et les incidences qu’elles ont sur l’orientation de l’intervention du professionnel. L’intelligibilité des interactions en termes de mécanismes d’influences mutuelles peut potentiellement constituer des objets de formation au métier d’ergothérapeute et répondre à des enjeux professionnels de ce champ de pratiques

Configurations of interactions and incidence of concerns in the intervention of the occupational therapist

Prenant comme terrain d’étude l’intervention des ergothérapeutes, la recherche s’inscrit dans le champ des métiers d’intervention sur l’activité d’autrui (Barbier, 2017). Elle se donne pour objet les processus à l’œuvre dans le cadre des interactions entre le professionnel et le patient. Professionnel paramédical cherchant à agir sur les difficultés rencontrées par les personnes dans leurs activités quotidiennes, les moments de relation avec l’autre constituent pour l’ergothérapeute des espaces privilégiés de construction et de conduite de son intervention. A partir d’une approche orientée par l’activité (Barbier, Durand, 2003) et un ancrage méthodologique du « cours d’action » (Theureau, 2004), l’étude empirique se focalise et analyse différents modes de communication lors de situations d’interaction caractéristiques de ces moments d’intervention. Cette analyse repose sur une articulation fine de différents types de données (données discursives des interactions, données d’observation du comportement des acteurs en interaction, données discursives de description sur les interactions), permise par l’enregistrement audiovisuel des interactions. L’interprétation des résultats, en termes de configurations, rend compte des mécanismes d’influences mutuelles exercés par les acteurs. La spécification de l’un d’entre eux, sous la notion de « préoccupation », rend particulièrement visible la mobilité des positions occupées dans les interactions et les incidences qu’elles ont sur l’orientation de l’intervention du professionnel. L’intelligibilité des interactions en termes de mécanismes d’influences mutuelles peut potentiellement constituer des objets de formation au métier d’ergothérapeute et répondre à des enjeux professionnels de ce champ de pratiques.Using the example of occupational therapy, this research considers vocations involving interventions on human activity (Barbier, 2017). More specifically, this work focalizes on the processes involved in the interactions between the professional and the patient. As an allied-health professional, the occupational therapist seeks to address the various challenges which people face in their daily life activities. The moments of exchange between these parties constitute for the occupational therapist, privileged spaces for the construction and conduct of their intervention. Founded upon an activity oriented approach (Barbier, Durand, 2003), and using a “course of action” methodological framework (Theureau, 2004), this empirical study explores different modes of communication across situations in occupational therapy practice, providing detailed analysis of characteristic interactions during these interventions. This analysis presents a detailed examination of articulated data sets (discourse analysis of interactions, behavioural observations of interactions, discourse analysis of descriptions of interactions) obtained through audiovisual recordings of interactions between professionals and their patients. These results, interpreted in terms of configurations, bring to light mechanisms of mutual influence exerted by these actors. One in particular, expressed here as "concern" (préoccupation), denotes the effect of the other parties on the orientation of the professional's intervention. We advance that the study and consideration of these mechanisms of mutual influence represents training objects for the profession of occupational therapist and respond to the professional challenges of this field of practice

Configurations d'interactions et incidence des préoccupations dans l'intervention de l'ergothérapeute

Using the example of occupational therapy, this research considers vocations involving interventions on human activity (Barbier, 2017). More specifically, this work focalizes on the processes involved in the interactions between the professional and the patient. As an allied-health professional, the occupational therapist seeks to address the various challenges which people face in their daily life activities. The moments of exchange between these parties constitute for the occupational therapist, privileged spaces for the construction and conduct of their intervention. Founded upon an activity oriented approach (Barbier, Durand, 2003), and using a “course of action” methodological framework (Theureau, 2004), this empirical study explores different modes of communication across situations in occupational therapy practice, providing detailed analysis of characteristic interactions during these interventions. This analysis presents a detailed examination of articulated data sets (discourse analysis of interactions, behavioural observations of interactions, discourse analysis of descriptions of interactions) obtained through audiovisual recordings of interactions between professionals and their patients. These results, interpreted in terms of configurations, bring to light mechanisms of mutual influence exerted by these actors. One in particular, expressed here as "concern" (préoccupation), denotes the effect of the other parties on the orientation of the professional's intervention. We advance that the study and consideration of these mechanisms of mutual influence represents training objects for the profession of occupational therapist and respond to the professional challenges of this field of practice.Prenant comme terrain d’étude l’intervention des ergothérapeutes, la recherche s’inscrit dans le champ des métiers d’intervention sur l’activité d’autrui (Barbier, 2017). Elle se donne pour objet les processus à l’œuvre dans le cadre des interactions entre le professionnel et le patient. Professionnel paramédical cherchant à agir sur les difficultés rencontrées par les personnes dans leurs activités quotidiennes, les moments de relation avec l’autre constituent pour l’ergothérapeute des espaces privilégiés de construction et de conduite de son intervention. A partir d’une approche orientée par l’activité (Barbier, Durand, 2003) et un ancrage méthodologique du « cours d’action » (Theureau, 2004), l’étude empirique se focalise et analyse différents modes de communication lors de situations d’interaction caractéristiques de ces moments d’intervention. Cette analyse repose sur une articulation fine de différents types de données (données discursives des interactions, données d’observation du comportement des acteurs en interaction, données discursives de description sur les interactions), permise par l’enregistrement audiovisuel des interactions. L’interprétation des résultats, en termes de configurations, rend compte des mécanismes d’influences mutuelles exercés par les acteurs. La spécification de l’un d’entre eux, sous la notion de « préoccupation », rend particulièrement visible la mobilité des positions occupées dans les interactions et les incidences qu’elles ont sur l’orientation de l’intervention du professionnel. L’intelligibilité des interactions en termes de mécanismes d’influences mutuelles peut potentiellement constituer des objets de formation au métier d’ergothérapeute et répondre à des enjeux professionnels de ce champ de pratiques

Configurations d'interactions et incidence des préoccupations dans l'intervention de l'ergothérapeute

Using the example of occupational therapy, this research considers vocations involving interventions on human activity (Barbier, 2017). More specifically, this work focalizes on the processes involved in the interactions between the professional and the patient. As an allied-health professional, the occupational therapist seeks to address the various challenges which people face in their daily life activities. The moments of exchange between these parties constitute for the occupational therapist, privileged spaces for the construction and conduct of their intervention. Founded upon an activity oriented approach (Barbier, Durand, 2003), and using a “course of action” methodological framework (Theureau, 2004), this empirical study explores different modes of communication across situations in occupational therapy practice, providing detailed analysis of characteristic interactions during these interventions. This analysis presents a detailed examination of articulated data sets (discourse analysis of interactions, behavioural observations of interactions, discourse analysis of descriptions of interactions) obtained through audiovisual recordings of interactions between professionals and their patients. These results, interpreted in terms of configurations, bring to light mechanisms of mutual influence exerted by these actors. One in particular, expressed here as "concern" (préoccupation), denotes the effect of the other parties on the orientation of the professional's intervention. We advance that the study and consideration of these mechanisms of mutual influence represents training objects for the profession of occupational therapist and respond to the professional challenges of this field of practice.Prenant comme terrain d’étude l’intervention des ergothérapeutes, la recherche s’inscrit dans le champ des métiers d’intervention sur l’activité d’autrui (Barbier, 2017). Elle se donne pour objet les processus à l’œuvre dans le cadre des interactions entre le professionnel et le patient. Professionnel paramédical cherchant à agir sur les difficultés rencontrées par les personnes dans leurs activités quotidiennes, les moments de relation avec l’autre constituent pour l’ergothérapeute des espaces privilégiés de construction et de conduite de son intervention. A partir d’une approche orientée par l’activité (Barbier, Durand, 2003) et un ancrage méthodologique du « cours d’action » (Theureau, 2004), l’étude empirique se focalise et analyse différents modes de communication lors de situations d’interaction caractéristiques de ces moments d’intervention. Cette analyse repose sur une articulation fine de différents types de données (données discursives des interactions, données d’observation du comportement des acteurs en interaction, données discursives de description sur les interactions), permise par l’enregistrement audiovisuel des interactions. L’interprétation des résultats, en termes de configurations, rend compte des mécanismes d’influences mutuelles exercés par les acteurs. La spécification de l’un d’entre eux, sous la notion de « préoccupation », rend particulièrement visible la mobilité des positions occupées dans les interactions et les incidences qu’elles ont sur l’orientation de l’intervention du professionnel. L’intelligibilité des interactions en termes de mécanismes d’influences mutuelles peut potentiellement constituer des objets de formation au métier d’ergothérapeute et répondre à des enjeux professionnels de ce champ de pratiques