86 research outputs found
Quantum-corrected Hybrid Bohm and Classical Diffusion in a Laser-driven Plasma
Within the framework of the hydrodynamic guidingcenter
approximation, we have investigated such quantum effects as the diffraction correction and the symmetry effect on the classical version of the particle diffusion coefficient D(1) across a dc magnetic field through the temperature-dependent pseudo-potentials. Analytic results are explicitly given with recourse to the order-of-magnitude estimate of a set of parameters pertaining to a laser-driven plasma
Direct observations of spin fluctuations in spin-hedgehog-anti-hedgehog lattice states in MnSiGe ( and ) at zero magnetic field
The helimagnetic compounds MnSiGe show the three-dimensional
multiple- order as referred to as spin-hedgehog-anti-hedgehog (SHAH)
lattice. Two representative forms of SHAH are cubic-3 lattice with and tetrahedral-4 lattice with ,
which show up typically for and for , respectively. Here,
we have investigated the spin fluctuations in the MnSiGe
polycrystalline samples with and by using the time-of-flight
(TOF) neutron inelastic scattering and MIEZE-type neutron spin echo techniques
to elucidate the microscopic origin of the unconventional Hall effect in the
SHAH lattice states. This research is motivated by the observation of a sign
change in the unconventional Hall resistivity as a function of temperature [Y.
Fujishiro et al., Nat. Comm. , 1059 (2019)]. The present results
reveal the correspondences between the temperature ranges where the positive
Hall resistivity and spin fluctuations are observed. These results agree well
with the theoretical model of the conduction electrons scattered by the
fluctuating spin clusters with a non-zero average of sign-biased scalar spin
chirality as a mechanism of the positive Hall resistivity [H. Ishizuka and N.
Nagaosa, Sci. Adv. , eaap9962 (2018)].Comment: 10 pages, 8 figure
Discovery of anti-inflammatory physiological peptides that promote tissue repair by reinforcing epithelial barrier formation
上皮バリアを形成するペプチドJIPの発見 --JIPは上皮組織修復に貢献する--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2021-11-18.Epithelial barriers that prevent dehydration and pathogen invasion are established by tight junctions (TJs), and their disruption leads to various inflammatory diseases and tissue destruction. However, a therapeutic strategy to overcome TJ disruption in diseases has not been established because of the lack of clinically applicable TJ-inducing molecules. Here, we found TJ-inducing peptides (JIPs) in mice and humans that corresponded to 35 to 42 residue peptides of the C terminus of alpha 1-antitrypsin (A1AT), an acute-phase anti-inflammatory protein. JIPs were inserted into the plasma membrane of epithelial cells, which promoted TJ formation by directly activating the heterotrimeric G protein G13. In a mouse intestinal epithelial injury model established by dextran sodium sulfate, mouse or human JIP administration restored TJ integrity and strongly prevented colitis. Our study has revealed TJ-inducing anti-inflammatory physiological peptides that play a critical role in tissue repair and proposes a previously unidentified therapeutic strategy for TJ-disrupted diseases
衝突型を呈した重複癌(膀胱腫瘍・S状結腸癌)により形成された膀胱結腸痩の1例
50歳男, S状結腸癌摘除と膀胱の部分切除を行ったA patient with vesicosigmoid fistula due to "collision" tumor between adenocarcinoma of the sigmoid colon and transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder is presented. Resection of the sigmoid colon and partial cystectomy were performed. The clinical symptoms, diagnostic procedures and treatments are discussed
Suppression of cartilage degeneration by intra-articular injection of heparan sulfate 6-O endosulfatase in a mouse osteoarthritis model
We previously reported that heparan sulfate
6-O endosulfatases (Sulfs) were expressed in articular
cartilage, and that the Sulf-1 knockout mouse developed
severe knee osteoarthritis. In this study, we hypothesised
that intra-articular injection of Sulf-1 would prevent
cartilage degeneration. After confirming that 1 mg/ml
Sulf-1 did not induce ATDC5 cell death in vitro, gene
expression of type II collagen and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 in the presence of Sulf-1 (1-100
ng/ml) were determined by quantitative real-time
polymerase chain reaction. Sulf-1 was also injected
intra-articularly into mice following surgical
destabilisation of the medial meniscus to produce a
model of osteoarthritis, and cartilage degeneration was
evaluated by safranin O and MMP-13 staining. We also
investigated fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2)/
extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) cell signalling
by western blotting. Exposure to Sulf-1 in vitro
increased type II collagen expression and decreased
MMP-13 expression in a concentration-dependent
manner. Sulf-1 injection into the mouse osteoarthritic
knee significantly suppressed glycosaminoglycan loss
and MMP-13 expression. Erk1/2 signalling pathway
activation was significantly reduced by Sulf-1 and
FGF2. These findings indicate that Sulf-1 prevents
cartilage degeneration by suppressing MMP-13 via an
effect on FGF2/Erk1/2 signalling
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