Az ultrafinom légköri aeroszol = Ultrafine atmospheric aerosol

Nemzetközileg új, tudományos eredményeket értünk el 1) a légköri nukleáció területén, amely magába foglalja a jelenség azonosítását, mechanikai jellemzését, gyakoriságának meghatározását, évszakos változékonyságának magyarázatát, mechanizmusának vizsgálatát, térbeli kiterjedésének becslését, a különböző városi környezetekben tapasztalt eltérések felderítését, a városlakók expozíciójának modellezését, valamint mindezek környezeti és egészségügyi jelentőségének bizonyítását, 2) a légköri humuszszerű anyag témakörben, különösen az oldatcsepp kolloidkémiai, nedvesedési tulajdonságainak és felületi feszültségének relaxációja területén, valamint mindezek levegőkémiai és éghajlati következményeit tekintve, illetve első alkalommal alkalmaztunk kiroptikai módszereket aeroszol kutatásban, 3) különleges városi mikrokörnyezetek jellemzésében, valamint a budapesti városi aeroszol kémiai összetétele és fizikai tulajdonságai hosszú távú megváltozásának egészségi és környezeti következményei tekintetében. Az elért eredményeket 5 könyvfejezetben, 23 SCI cikkben közöltük (a szakma 5,31 impaktfaktorú, csúcsfolyóiratában 5 cikkünk jelent meg), összesített impaktfaktor 68,19, a projekt vezetője és a társintézmény vezető kutatója megszerezték az MTA doktora címet a futamidő alatt, a projekt vezetője a hónap OTKA kutatója lett, az OTKA – Élet és Tudomány cikkpályázat országos második helyezettje lett egyik dolgozatunk. A kutatási projekt - a terveket meghaladó mértékben - eredményesen zárul. | Internationally new research results were achieved in the following fields: 1) atmospheric nucleation including the identification, characterization of new particle formation events and particle growth, nucleation frequency, their seasonal variation, investigation of the possible mechanisms, horizontal spatial scales, observed differences in various urban environments, exposure of inhabitants to particles, together with environmental and health implications, 2) atmospheric humic-like substances, in particular with regard to their colloidal and hygroscopic properties, and to relaxation of the surface tension of their solution droplets, together with some climate implications, and also the first application of chiroptical methods in organic aerosol research, 3) characterization of specific urban microenvironments, and revealing the health and environmental effects of long-term changes in chemical composition and physical properties of urban aerosol in Budapest. The results were published in 5 book chapters, 23 SCI articles (note: 5 articles appeared in the most prestigious journal of the field with an impact factor of 5.31), the principal investigator and the lead researcher at the cooperating institute both received their DSc degree of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences in the duration of the project, the principal investigator became the researcher of the month with OTKA, etc. The project is closed with outstanding research success

Discharge protocol in acute pancreatitis: an international survey and cohort analysis

Discharge protocol; Acute pancreatitisProtocol d'alta; Pancreatitis agudaProtocolo de alta; Pancreatitis agudaThere are several overlapping clinical practice guidelines in acute pancreatitis (AP), however, none of them contains suggestions on patient discharge. The Hungarian Pancreatic Study Group (HPSG) has recently developed a laboratory data and symptom-based discharge protocol which needs to be validated. (1) A survey was conducted involving all members of the International Association of Pancreatology (IAP) to understand the characteristics of international discharge protocols. (2) We investigated the safety and effectiveness of the HPSG-discharge protocol. According to our international survey, 87.5% (49/56) of the centres had no discharge protocol. Patients discharged based on protocols have a significantly shorter median length of hospitalization (LOH) (7 (5;10) days vs. 8 (5;12) days) p < 0.001), and a lower rate of readmission due to recurrent AP episodes (p = 0.005). There was no difference in median discharge CRP level among the international cohorts (p = 0.586). HPSG-protocol resulted in the shortest LOH (6 (5;9) days) and highest median CRP (35.40 (13.78; 68.40) mg/l). Safety was confirmed by the low rate of readmittance (n = 35; 5%). Discharge protocol is necessary in AP. The discharge protocol used in this study is the first clinically proven protocol. Developing and testifying further protocols are needed to better standardize patients’ care.The study was supported by a project grant (TKP2021-EGA-23) of the Ministry of Innovation and Technology of Hungary to PH, by an NKFIH OTKA grant (K131996) to PH, by the János Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (to AM), by the Project Grants (KA–2019–14, FK131864 to AM) and by the ÚNKP–22–5 New National Excellence Program of the Ministry for Innovation and Technology from the source of the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund (to AM). The project has received funding from the EU’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No. 739593. (to BCN). BCN has received funding from János Bolyai Research Grant (BO/00648/21/5) and the New National Excellence Program (UNKP-22-5-SZTE-585) and it was supported by the ÚNKP-22-4-II New national Excellence Program of the Ministry for Culture and Innovation from the Source of the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund (to KM)

Characteristics of new particle formation events and cluster ions at K-puszta, Hungary

Atmospheric new particle formation events were analyzed based on particle size distributions measured with a Differential Mobility Particle Sizer (DMPS) and an Air Ion Spectrometer (AIS) during the BIOSOL (Formation mechanisms, marker compounds, and source apportionment for biogenic atmospheric aerosols) campaign on 22 May-29 June 2006 at the K-puszta measurement site in Hungary. The particle size distribution data were classified into different new particle event classes and growth and formation rates of the particles were calculated. New particle formation was observed on almost all days and the median diameter growth rates of nucleation mode particles increased with increasing particle size. The observed formation rate of 10 nm particles was typically somewhat larger than 1 cm(-3) s(-3) (median 1.2), and the growth rate for sub 3 nm particles was 1.7 nm h(-1) and for nucleation mode 6 nm h(-1). The ambient concentrations of gases or meteorological data were not able to explain the differences in the growth and formation rates or in the particle formation between the days. However, 0.3-1.8 nm cluster ion concentrations correlated negatively with wind speed

Discharge protocol in acute pancreatitis: an international survey and cohort analysis

There are several overlapping clinical practice guidelines in acute pancreatitis (AP), however, none of them contains suggestions on patient discharge. The Hungarian Pancreatic Study Group (HPSG) has recently developed a laboratory data and symptom-based discharge protocol which needs to be validated. (1) A survey was conducted involving all members of the International Association of Pancreatology (IAP) to understand the characteristics of international discharge protocols. (2) We investigated the safety and effectiveness of the HPSG-discharge protocol. According to our international survey, 87.5% (49/56) of the centres had no discharge protocol. Patients discharged based on protocols have a significantly shorter median length of hospitalization (LOH) (7 (5;10) days vs. 8 (5;12) days) p < 0.001), and a lower rate of readmission due to recurrent AP episodes (p = 0.005). There was no difference in median discharge CRP level among the international cohorts (p = 0.586). HPSG-protocol resulted in the shortest LOH (6 (5;9) days) and highest median CRP (35.40 (13.78; 68.40) mg/l). Safety was confirmed by the low rate of readmittance (n = 35; 5%). Discharge protocol is necessary in AP. The discharge protocol used in this study is the first clinically proven protocol. Developing and testifying further protocols are needed to better standardize patients' care

Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease is associated with Acute Pancreatitis with More Severe Course: Post hoc Analysis of a Prospectively Collected International Registry

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a proven risk factor for acute pancreatitis (AP). However, NAFLD has recently been redefined as metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). In this post hoc analysis, we quantified the effect of MAFLD on the outcomes of AP.We identified our patients from the multicentric, prospective International Acute Pancreatitis Registry of the Hungarian Pancreatic Study Group. Next, we compared AP patients with and without MAFLD and the individual components of MAFLD regarding in-hospital mortality and AP severity based on the revised Atlanta classification. Lastly, we calculated odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using multivariate logistic regression analysis.MAFLD had a high prevalence in AP, 39% (801/2053). MAFLD increased the odds of moderate-to-severe AP (OR = 1.43, CI: 1.09-1.89). However, the odds of in-hospital mortality (OR = 0.89, CI: 0.42-1.89) and severe AP (OR = 1.70, CI: 0.97-3.01) were not higher in the MAFLD group. Out of the three diagnostic criteria of MAFLD, the highest odds of severe AP was in the group based on metabolic risk abnormalities (OR = 2.68, CI: 1.39-5.09). In addition, the presence of one, two, and three diagnostic criteria dose-dependently increased the odds of moderate-to-severe AP (OR = 1.23, CI: 0.88-1.70, OR = 1.38, CI: 0.93-2.04, and OR = 3.04, CI: 1.63-5.70, respectively) and severe AP (OR = 1.13, CI: 0.54-2.27, OR = 2.08, CI: 0.97-4.35, and OR = 4.76, CI: 1.50-15.4, respectively). Furthermore, in patients with alcohol abuse and aged ≥60 years, the effect of MAFLD became insignificant.MAFLD is associated with AP severity, which varies based on the components of its diagnostic criteria. Furthermore, MAFLD shows a dose-dependent effect on the outcomes of AP

Fine structure of mass size distributions in urban environment, Atmos

Abstract As part of an urban aerosol research project, aerosol samples were collected by a small deposit area low-pressure impactor and a micro-orifice uniform deposit impactor in downtown Budapest in spring 2002. A total number of 23 samples were obtained with each device for separate daytime periods and nights. The samples were analysed by particleinduced X-ray emission spectrometry for 29 elements, or by gravimetry for particulate mass. The raw size distribution data were processed by the inversion program MICRON utilising the calibrated collection efficiency curve for each impactor stage in order to study the mass size distributions in the size range of about 50 nm to 10 mm in detail. Concentration, geometric mean aerodynamic diameter, and geometric standard deviation for each contributing mode were determined and further evaluated. For the crustal elements, two modes were identified in the mass size distributions: a major coarse mode and a (so-called) intermediate mode, which contained about 4% of the elemental mass. The coarse mode was associated with suspension, resuspension, and abrasion processes, whereby the major contribution likely came from road dust, while the particles of the intermediate mode may have originated from the same but also from the other sources. The typical anthropogenic elements exhibited usually trimodal size distributions including a coarse mode and two submicrometer modes instead of a single accumulation mode. The mode diameter of the upper submicrometer mode was somewhat lower for the particulate mass (PM) and S than for the anthropogenic metals, suggesting different sources and/or source processes. The different relative intensities of the two submicrometer modes for the anthropogenic elements and the PM indicate that the elements and PM have multiple sources. An Aitken mode was unambiguously observed for S, Zn, and K, but in a few cases only. The relatively large coarse mode of Cu and Zn, and the small night-to-daytime period concentration ratio pointed to anthropogenic sources by disintegration, which were related to vehicular traffic, i.e., mechanical wear of brake linings and tires, respectively

In-Hospital Patient Education Markedly Reduces Alcohol Consumption after Alcohol-Induced Acute Pancreatitis

Although excessive alcohol consumption is by far the most frequent cause of recurrent acute pancreatitis (AP) cases, specific therapy is still not well established to prevent recurrence. Generally, psychological therapy (e.g., brief intervention (BI)) is the cornerstone of cessation programs; however, it is not yet widely used in everyday practice. We conducted a post-hoc analysis of a prospectively collected database. Patients suffering from alcohol-induced AP between 2016 and 2021 received 30 min BI by a physician. Patient-reported alcohol consumption, serum gamma-glutamyl-transferase (GGT) level, and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) of red blood cells were collected on admission and at the 1-month follow-up visit to monitor patients&rsquo; drinking habits. Ninety-nine patients with alcohol-induced AP were enrolled in the study (mean age: 50 &plusmn; 11, 89% male). A significant decrease was detected both in mean GGT value (294 &plusmn; 251 U/L vs. 103 &plusmn; 113 U/L, p &lt; 0.001) and in MCV level (93.7 &plusmn; 5.3 U/L vs. 92.1 &plusmn; 5.1 U/L, p &lt; 0.001) in patients with elevated on-admission GGT levels. Notably, 79% of the patients (78/99) reported alcohol abstinence at the 1-month control visit. Brief intervention is an effective tool to reduce alcohol consumption and to prevent recurrent AP. Longitudinal randomized clinical studies are needed to identify the adequate structure and frequency of BIs in alcohol-induced AP