The Use of Noncontingent Reinforcement in the Regular Education Classroom with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Children

A problem that exists in many regular education classrooms is excessive disruptive behavior of students. This study will examine the disruptive behavior of two children, age 8, who have been diagnosed with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, in a simulated regular education classroom. Due to a renewed emphasis on linking treatment to functional analysis, noncontingent reinforcement was utilized to determine whether teacher mediated or peer mediated attention can decrease the disruptive behavior. This study used a multi-element design for the functional analysis and a reversal (ABAB) design to evaluate the effects of the noncontingent reinforcement treatment. Results indicated that peer attention was the variable that maintained the disruptive behavior of both children and suggested that noncontingent reinforcement was a partially effective treatment since levels of disruptive behavior decreased during the initial treatment phase, but could not be replicated for the final treatment phase

On the high order multiplicity moments

The description of multiplicity distributions in terms of the ratios of cumulants to factorial moments is analyzed both for data and for the Monte Carlo generated events. For the PYTHIA generated events the moments are investigated for the restricted range of phase-space and for the jets reconstructed from single particle momenta. The results cast doubts on the validity of extended local parton-hadron duality and suggest the possibility of more effective experimental investigations concerning the origin of the observed structure in the dependence of moments on their order.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures; corrected version to be published in JP

Environmental, genotypic, and ploidy effects on endopolyploidization within a genotype of Solanum phureja and its derivatives

Flow-cytometric analyses of DNA content were performed on chopped in vivo, in vitro, and protoplast-derived in vitro nuclei of Solanum phureja. An anther-derived monoploid genotype and a diploid and tetraploid clone, derived from callus culture of the monoploid genotype, were used to characterize the influence of in vivo and in vitro environment and explant ploidy level on the extent of endopolyploidization. In addition, protoplast-derived nuclei, from nine anther-derived monoploid genotypes, were examined for genotypic influences on endopolyploidization. DNA distributions of the anther-derived monoploid and callus-derived clones in vivo contained peaks corresponding to 1C, 2C, and 4C DNA levels. By comparison, diploid and tetraploid clones cultured in vitro did not contain 1C DNA peaks. Nuclear DNA content beyond the 4C level was not observed in any of the samples tested. The frequency of monoploid nuclei did not vary significantly among protoplast-derived nuclei from the monoploid genotypes; however, significant differences were detected between replications over time. Variability among the monoploid genotypes was shown for frequency of endoreplicated (4C) nuclei, indicating a genotypic influence on monoploid stability

Subcutaneous immunoglobulin replacement therapy in the treatment of patients with primary immunodeficiency disease

Antibody deficiency is the most frequently encountered primary immunodeficiency disease (PIDD) and patients who lack the ability to make functional immunoglobulin require life-long replacement therapy to prevent serious bacterial infections. Human serum immunoglobulin manufactured from pools of donated plasma can be administered intramuscularly, intravenously or subcutaneously. With the advent of well-tolerated preparations of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) in the 1980s, the suboptimal painful intramuscular route of administration is no longer used. However, some patients continued to experience unacceptable adverse reactions to the intravenous preparations, and for others, vascular access remained problematic. Subcutaneously administered immunoglobulin (SCIg) provided an alternative delivery method to patients experiencing difficulties with IVIg. By 2006, immunoglobulin preparations designed exclusively for subcutaneous administration became available. They are therapeutically equivalent to intravenous preparations and offer patients the additional flexibility for the self-administration of their product at home. SCIg as replacement therapy for patients with primary antibody deficiencies is a safe and efficacious method to prevent serious bacterial infections, while maximizing patient satisfaction and improving quality of life

Energy Conservation Constraints on Multiplicity Correlations in QCD Jets

We compute analytically the effects of energy conservation on the self-similar structure of parton correlations in QCD jets. The calculations are performed both in the constant and running coupling cases. It is shown that the corrections are phenomenologically sizeable. On a theoretical ground, energy conservation constraints preserve the scaling properties of correlations in QCD jets beyond the leading log approximation.Comment: 11 pages, latex, 5 figures, .tar.gz version avaliable on ftp://www.inln.unice.fr