Контуры интонации в стихийной речи русских немцев: экспериментальное исследование немецких островных диалектов

Today, there are a few German language islands still existing in the Kirov region. The dialects spoken in these linguistic communities represent unique varieties of the German language as they are functioning in the context of intralingual and interlingual interaction. The research on the German language islands of the Kirov region is not only focused on studying the segment structure of the dialects, but it also looks into the features on the suprasegmental level.This paper describes an experimental technique used to determine complete and incomplete intonation phrases, identify intonation patterns, and describe the nuclear contours. This new experimental technique is based on the analysis of non-intonation criteria, such as semantic, syntactic, and pragmatic factors. The findings of the research suggest that the intonation contours identified in speech of Russian Germans are characteristic of speakers of both High German and Low German dialects. The study has shown no distinctions in this parameter between the dia lects, which indicates the mixed nature of the dialects spoken in the region. We believe the suggested technique may become an effective tool in the study of the suprasegmental features of the German language islands. It may be of interest to researchers of suprasegmental properties of spontaneous speech.Hoy en día, todavía existen algunas islas de lengua alemana en la región de Kirov. Los dialectos que se hablan en estas comunidades lingüísticas representan variedades únicas del idioma alemán, ya que funcionan en el contexto de la interacción intralingual e interlingual. La investigación en las islas de lengua alemana de la región de Kirov no solo se centra en estudiar la estructura de segmentos de los dialectos, sino que también analiza las características en el nivel suprasegmental.Este artículo describe una técnica experimental utilizada para determinar frases de entonación completas e incompletas, identificar patrones de entonación y describir los contornos nucleares. Esta nueva técnica experimental se basa en el análisis de criterios de no entonación, como factores semánticos, sintácticos y pragmáticos. Los resultados de la investigación sugieren que los contornos de entonación identificados en el habla de los alemanes rusos son característicos de los hablantes de dialectos de alto alemán y bajo alemán. El estudio no ha mostrado distinciones en este parámetro entre los dialectos, lo que indica la naturaleza mixta de los dialectos que se hablan en la región.Creemos que la técnica sugerida puede convertirse en una herramienta eficaz en el estudio de las características suprasegmentales de las islas de lengua alemana. Puede ser de interés para los investigadores las propiedades suprasegmentales del habla espontánea.Как известно, до настоящего времени в Кировской области сохранились отдельные замкнутые языковые острова, в которых проживают носители различных немецких диалектов, представляющих собой уникальную форму языка, функционирующую в рамках внутриязыкового и межъязыкового взаимодействия. В сферу исследования немецких островных диалектов Кировской области вовлекается не только изучение сегментного состава, но и явлений супрасегментного уровня, так как без учета последних невозможно получить полную картину реального функционирования данных диалектов.В данной работе представлена методика определения завершенных и незавершенных интонационных фраз, выявления тонологической структуры интонационных контуров выбранных интонационных фраз и определение их ядерных контуров. Результаты исследования показывают, что интонационные контуры, представленные в речи российских немцев, характерны для говорящих как на верхненемецких, так и на нижненемецких диалектах. Исследование не показало существенных различий в этом параметре, что указывает на смешанный характер исследуемых немецких диалектов рассматриваемого региона. Мы полагаем, что представленная методика может стать эффективным инструментом в изучении супрасегментных особенностей немецких островных диалектов. Данная работа может представлять интерес для исследователей в области супрасегментной организации спонтанной речи

The Financial Crisis in Russia and its Impact on the Labour Market

This contribution deals with the comprehensive review of the labour market during the latest in a series of financial crises. The article presents the legal background for detailed regulation of norms introduced to combat high inflation growth; economic instability and income stratification of the population as a consequence of the application of new measures and their compliance directly affecting the normal development of the labour market. The contribution aims to analyse the labour market during the latest in a series of economic crises based on the study, analysis and synthesis of the scientific base, current legislation and the practice in its application. In order to achieve the aim and fulfil the set tasks, popular scientific dialectical cognition methods, as well as logical, systemic, historical, comparative-legal and formally legal methods were used in the article. We come to the conclusion that the labour legislation is closely linked to the economic processes that have a direct impact on the level of well-being and social climate in the society. The achievement of the public policy objectives in the area of labour market management depends on significant compliance with financial regulations. The concrete changes that are taking place and which are beginning to take shape on the labour market under the influence of the crisis, are becoming irreversible. They change the most important indicators of the labour market, which play the role of its structure-forming components, such as the engagement and unemployment, labour migration and compensation of employees. Their dynamics determines changes in the general financial standing of the labour market. At the same time, they are important for the overcoming of the crisis

Language as a consolidating factor of ethnic identity of the russian germans

The article aims at identifying the attributes of ethnic identity and ethnic concepts of minority groups living in the territory of the Russian Federation, in particular, the Russian Germans living in the city of Glazov and the Vyatka-Kama region. The relevance of the study is determined by the need to understand and to study the shared characteristics of the ethnic identity of the German ethnic group: national self-awareness, preservation and revival of the ethnic culture and traditions, language preservation. The materials of the research are the tape recordings of unprepared German and Russian speech which were made during dialectological and ethnographic expeditions to Glazov. The speech of three informants is analyzed in the study. Nine main parameters of the ethnic identity are examined in relation to the Russian Germans of Glazov: common history, common territory, religion, living environment, family background, folklore, behavior standards, mentality of the ethnic group, and the common language. The language is described in more detail in the study. The results of the study suggest that the ethnic identity of the Russian Germans in question is a changing dynamic category. In our opinion, the language is the most important consolidating factor of the cultural integrity of an ethnic group, an instrument for sharing culturally important information and experience; so it is one of the core parameters of ethnic identity of the Russian Germans living in Glazov. This article will be of interest to researchers in the field of German dialectology and German speech islands.O artigo tem como objetivo identificar os atributos de identidade étnica e conceitos étnicos de grupos minoritários residentes no território da Federação Russa, em particular, os russos alemães residentes na cidade de Glazov e na região de Vyatka-Kama. A relevância do estudo é determinada pela necessidade de compreender e estudar as características comuns da identidade étnica do grupo étnico alemão: autoconsciência nacional, preservação e revivificação da cultura e tradições étnicas, preservação da língua. Os materiais da pesquisa são as gravações em fita do discurso alemão e russo despreparado, feitas durante expedições dialetológicas e etnográficas a Glazov. A fala de três informantes é analisada no estudo. Nove parâmetros principais da identidade étnica são examinados em relação aos russos-alemães de Glazov: história comum, território comum, religião, ambiente de vida, antecedentes familiares, folclore, padrões de comportamento, mentalidade do grupo étnico e a língua comum. A linguagem é descrita com mais detalhes no estudo. Os resultados do estudo sugerem que a identidade étnica dos russos-alemães em questão é uma categoria dinâmica em mudança. Em nossa opinião, a língua é o mais importante fator de consolidação da integridade cultural de uma etnia, um instrumento de compartilhamento de informações e experiências culturalmente importantes; portanto, é um dos parâmetros centrais da identidade étnica dos russos-alemães que vivem em Glazov. Este artigo será de interesse para pesquisadores no campo da dialetologia alemã e das ilhas de fala alemãs.El artículo tiene como objetivo identificar los atributos de la identidad étnica y los conceptos étnicos de los grupos minoritarios que viven en el territorio de la Federación de Rusia, en particular, los alemanes rusos que viven en la ciudad de Glazov y la región de Vyatka-Kama. La relevancia del estudio está determinada por la necesidad de comprender y estudiar las características compartidas de la identidad étnica del grupo étnico alemán: autoconciencia nacional, preservación y renacimiento de la cultura y tradiciones étnicas, preservación del idioma. Los materiales de la investigación son las grabaciones en cinta de habla alemana y rusa sin preparación que se hicieron durante las expediciones dialectológicas y etnográficas a Glazov. En el estudio se analiza el discurso de tres informantes. Se examinan nueve parámetros principales de la identidad étnica en relación con los alemanes rusos de Glazov: historia común, territorio común, religión, entorno de vida, antecedentes familiares, folclore, normas de comportamiento, mentalidad del grupo étnico y el idioma común. El idioma se describe con más detalle en el estudio. Los resultados del estudio sugieren que la identidad étnica de los alemanes rusos en cuestión es una categoría dinámica cambiante. En nuestra opinión, el idioma es el factor de consolidación más importante de la integridad cultural de un grupo étnico, un instrumento para compartir información y experiencias de importancia cultural; por lo que es uno de los parámetros centrales de la identidad étnica de los alemanes rusos que viven en Glazov. Este artículo será de interés para los investigadores en el campo de la dialectología alemana y las islas de habla alemana

Loss of Heterozygosity in the Tumor DNA of De Novo Diagnosed Patients Is Associated with Poor Outcome for B-ALL but Not for T-ALL

Despite the introduction of new technologies in molecular diagnostics, one should not underestimate the traditional routine methods for studying tumor DNA. Here we present the evidence that short tandem repeat (STR) profiling of tumor DNA relative to DNA from healthy cells might identify chromosomal aberrations affecting therapy outcome. Tumor STR profiles of 87 adult patients with de novo Ph-negative ALL (40 B-ALL, 43 T-ALL, 4 mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL)) treated according to the “RALL-2016” regimen were analyzed. DNA of tumor cells was isolated from patient bone marrow samples taken at diagnosis. Control DNA samples were taken from the buccal swab or the blood of patients in complete remission. Overall survival (OS) analysis was used to assess the independent impact of the LOH as a risk factor. Of the 87 patients, 21 were found with LOH in various STR loci (24%). For B-ALL patients, LOH (except 12p LOH) was an independent risk factor (OS hazard ratio 3.89, log-rank p-value 0.0395). In contrast, for T-ALL patients, the OS hazard ratio was 0.59 (log-rank p-value 0.62). LOH in particular STR loci measured at the onset of the disease could be used as a prognostic factor for poor outcome in B-ALL, but not in T-ALL

Functional movement disorder gender, age and phenotype study: a systematic review and individual patient meta-analysis of 4905 cases

: Functional movement disorder (FMD) is a common manifestation of functional neurological disorder presenting with diverse phenotypes such as tremor, weakness and gait disorder. Our current understanding of the basic epidemiological features of this condition is unclear. We aimed to describe and examine the relationship between age at onset, phenotype and gender in FMD in a large meta-analysis of published and unpublished individual patient cases. An electronic search of PubMed was conducted for studies from 1968 to 2019 according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Individual patient data were collected through a research network. We described the distribution of age of onset and how this varied by gender and motor phenotype. A one-stage meta-analysis was performed using multilevel mixed-effects linear regression, including random intercepts for country and data source. A total of 4905 individual cases were analysed (72.6% woman). The mean age at onset was 39.6 years (SD 16.1). Women had a significantly earlier age of onset than men (39.1 years vs 41.0 years). Mixed FMD (23.1%), tremor (21.6%) and weakness (18.1%) were the most common phenotypes. Compared with tremor (40.7 years), the mean ages at onset of dystonia (34.5 years) and weakness (36.4 years) were significantly younger, while gait disorders (43.2 years) had a significantly later age at onset. The interaction between gender and phenotype was not significant. FMD peaks in midlife with varying effects of gender on age at onset and phenotype. The data gives some support to 'lumping' FMD as a unitary disorder but also highlights the value in 'splitting' into individual phenotypes where relevant