Clinical Leadership in Jordanian Hospitals: The Clinicians' Perspective

The main aim of this study is to explore the nature of leadership in Jordanian hospitals. This study consists of four objectives; the first objective is to identify the extent to which clinicians perform their role of managing and leading Jordanian hospitals .The second objective for this study is to explore the source of power and authority being adopted in Jordanian hospitals. Then the third objective is to differentiate between doctors and other clinicians from nurses and AHPS in practicing leadership. While the fourth objective to explore the obstacles in developing CL in Jordanian hospitals. The methodology of a qualitative approach was adopted through analyzing the contents, thus, semi-structured interview was conducted with 38 participants from managers who have a clinical mission besides managerial and supervising ones. The study has found out that there is a lack of administrative qualifications for clinicians, and seems difficult to apply the transformational style in Jordanian hospitals due the fear of responsibility and bad distribution of power and authority among clinicians and doctors in particular. Furthermore, there is a lack cultural diversity and this weakens the provided medical services in matching globalization and international criteria. Communication channels in Jordanian hospitals are acceptable; because both technical and personal settings among clinicians are emerged. Unfortunately, there was no specific and clear agenda for both quality and ethical considerations .Doctors are dominated by the concept of bureaucracy and centralism. Accordingly, some obstacles have been revealed in Jordanian hospitals; doctors are the biggest obstacle because they are holding the whole power. Also, communication channels with other departments and among colleagues are weak. Furthermore, the clinical culture did not reach the creation of cultural system .This is due to the weak coordination among academic faculties and governmental departments to shape the meaningful concept of health care management and leadership. The researcher recommends that both quality and ethical considerations should be involved in more practical sense and doctors need to be trained to carry out the administrative responsibilities by involving nurses and AHPS to ensure the distribution of power and diversity. This study has added the academic contribution by presenting a new mass of knowledge, and considering clinical team members in Jordanian hospitals as a uniform by creating the comprehensiveness of work culture. Finally, the study proved that both experience and knowledge are additional authorities beside position, law and work that may enrich performance

Social media revenge: A typology of online consumer revenge

The main purpose of this study is to present a detailed typology of online revenge behaviors that identifies the differential factors affecting this behavior in terms of triggers, channels, and emotional outcomes across two countries: Jordan and Britain. Based on a qualitative approach from a sample of Jordanian and British customers who had previously committed acts of online revenge (N = 73), this study identified four main types of online avengers: materialistic, ego-defending, aggressive, and rebellious. The findings show that British consumers were motivated by core service malfunction failures and employee failures. In contrast, Jordanian consumers’ acts of revenge were triggered by wasta service failures and contract breach failures. Moreover, Jordanian consumers tended to employ more aggressive and sometimes illegal ways to get revenge, whereas British consumers often used social media platforms and review websites. The findings have implications for the prevalence of online consumer revenge acts and for extending theoretical understanding of why and how consumers employ the Internet for revenge after a service failure in addition to how to respond to each avenger

A weighted companion of Ostrowski's inequality using three step weighted kernel

There are numerous works suggesting linking SSM models to information systems (IS) models for information systems development. In these works links between SSM and IS models are established at the conceptual level i.e. they provide ways to utilise SSM models to identify or to derive IS models. However, most of them have not provided a method for representing the links explicitly in the combined model. Consequently, the links become subtle and untraceable, looking at the combined model only at the representation level. This paper proposes an approach based on meta modelling to achieve a uniform and formalised representation of models that combine SSM and IS models. The approach allows one to represent not only SSM and IS modelling concepts but also relationships between the concepts in a meta model using the conceptual modelling language Telos. Telos supports meta models to be flexibly specified and extended to meet specific modelling requirements of a particular project. An exemplary application is presented to demonstrate the operationalisation of the proposed approach and to illustrate the uniform representation of combined models. The example also shows benefits of the formalised representation in terms of computer support for managing and retrieving a combined model's meta data

How Do Business Students in the U.S. and in Cameroon Perceive Faculty Attributes? A Comparative Study

This study investigates student perceptions of ten selected attributes embedded in faculty behavior. These attributes are classified as primary and secondary attributes. The 4 primary attributes include effective communication (ability to communicate information effectively), ability to combine knowledge and application in real world cases and examples, high level of knowledge in presented materials, and substantial business experience in the area taught. The 6 secondary attributes include active association with the business community, active participation in academic organizations, active participation in business organizations, extensive publication of business research in scientific/scholarly journals, extensive publication of business articles in practitioner/trade oriented journals, and the college or university degree from which the faculty earned their highest degree. This study also investigates potential difference in the emphasis placed on the ten attributes between the surveyed business students in both countries. Utilizing two samples (graduate and under graduate students) from business schools (at public, private, and proprietary universities) in the United States and in Cameroon, Africa, the surveyed students revealed stronger support for the primary attributes than for the secondary attributes. The results of this study also indicated that the ability to communicate effectively, the application of knowledge to real world cases, substantial business experience in the discipline area taught, and knowledge of the materials being presented are considered the most important attributes in assessing teaching effectiveness. While students in both countries have similar mean rankings of the selected ten attributes, they significantly differ in their ratings of six attributes: actively participates in academic organizations, publications in practice/trade journals, actively participates in practice related organizations, college from which the professor earned their highest degree, and association with the business community. Further investigation using exploratory factor analysis revealed that students in both countries have moderate agreement with the two component conceptualized model: the primary and secondary business faculty attributes

The Role of Digital Library in Bridging the Language Divide: Comparison Study of Arabic and Other Languages

Developing countries are often said to suffer the disadvantages created by a ‘digital divide’ – the gap between the digitally advantaged and the digitally disadvantaged. Much of the attention given to the digital divide had focussed on the most severely disadvantaged countries (particularly in Africa and parts of Asia). This study was examined the phenomenon in the context of developing Arab countries, with a particular focus on the capacity of digital libraries to bridge the ‘divide’ as it applies to research and scholarly communication. This will entail a case study of University of Jordan.A particular focus of the study will be on assessing the particular challenges and frustrations facing Arabic-speaking researchers in their use of networked information services. That is, while the term digital divide is often used as a means of expressing the technology gap between developed and developing countries, it may well be that a further divide is created because of the domination of the languages and content of the developed world in the networked environment.The research will investigate the potential for digital library services to better serve Arabic-speaking scholars, in particular though the increased access to scholarly publishing in Arabic. It will also explore the policy initiatives and constraints that may impact upon the future development and implementation of digital library services for the benefit of Arabic-speaking scholars. There are no current published studies that deal with the capacity of digital libraries to address the digital divide in the developing Arab World. The findings of this research will provide important recommendations aimed at improving the capacity for digital libraries in Jordan and the wider Arab World to promote Arabic scholarship. Keyword: Digital Libraries, Arab world, Arabic languag

A New Smart Grid Hybrid DC–DC Converter with Improved Voltage Gain and Synchronized Multiple Outputs

This paper introduces a new hybrid DC-DC converter with enhanced voltage gain and synchronized multiple output capabilities, specifically tailored for smart grid applications. The proposed converter is based on the integration of non-isolated Zeta and Mahafzah converters, comprising a single controlled switch, two diodes, three inductors, and two coupling capacitors. The primary objective of this novel hybrid converter is to improve voltage gain as compared to conventional Zeta and Mahafzah topologies. By achieving higher voltage gain at lower duty cycles, the converter effectively reduces voltage stress on semiconductor switches and output diodes, thereby enhancing overall performance and reliability. A comprehensive examination of the hybrid converter's operating principle is presented, along with detailed calculations of duty cycle and switching losses. The paper also explores the converter's application in smart grids, specifically in the context of renewable energy systems and electric vehicles. Two distinct scenarios are analyzed to evaluate the converter's efficacy. Firstly, the converter is assessed as a DC-DC converter for renewable energy systems, highlighting its relevance in sustainable energy applications. Secondly, the converter is evaluated as an electric vehicle adapter, showcasing its potential in the transportation sector. To validate the converter's performance, extensive simulations are carried out using MATLAB/SIMULINK with parameters set at 25 kW, 200 V, and 130 A. The simulation results demonstrate the converter's ability to efficiently supply multiple loads with opposing energy flows, making it a promising technology for optimized grid management and energy distribution. Moreover, the paper investigates the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the grid current, focusing on its impact in smart grid environments. Notably, the new hybrid converter topology achieves a THD of 21.11% for the grid current, indicating its ability to effectively mitigate harmonics and improve power quality. Overall, this research introduces a cutting-edge hybrid DC-DC converter that enhances voltage gain and synchronizes multiple outputs, specifically catering to the requirements of smart grid applications. The findings underscore the converter's potential to significantly contribute to the advancement of efficient and resilient power conversion technologies for smart grids, enabling seamless integration of renewable energy systems and electric vehicles into the grid

Prescribing Antibiotics for pediatric dental patients in Jordan; knowledge and attitudes of dentists

Objective: The inappropriate use of antibiotic in treating children has been observedin the treatment of dental infections. Recent surveys reported that dentistsin several countries have modest knowledge about antibiotic prescribing. The aimof this study was to investigate the knowledge and attitude of a group of Jordaniandentists treating children towards antibiotic prescribing.Methods: A written questionnaire was distributed during a meeting of the JordanianSociety of Paediatric Dentistry. The questionnaire included questions aboutthe knowledge and attitudes of dentists toward dental antibiotic prescribing tochildren.Results: Amoxicillin was the most popular antibiotic (62.9%) to be prescribed bydentists treating children. A lesser percentage (29.7%) prescribe combination ofantibiotics, and around 37% prescribe antibiotics for duration longer than 5 days.Erythromycin was the most popular alternative to amoxicillin (77.8%) followed byclindamycin (22.2%). A number of antibiotics were prescribed for non-indicatedclinical conditions like pulpitis and gingivitis. More than 50% of the sample prescribedantibiotics for non-scientific reasons like the “need to delay treatment†and“sterilization not guaranteedâ€.Conclusion: There is a need to improve awareness of Jordanian dentists regardingantibiotic prescribing to children particularly in the aspects of type of antibiotic tobe used for patients allergic and non-allergic to penicillin, duration of prescribing,and clinical indications. Dentists also should be discouraged to prescribe antibioticsbased on non-scientific/social factors

Isolation, characterization, and hydrolytic activities of Geobacillus species from Jordanian hot springs

The present study was conducted to isolate, identify, characterize and to determine the enzymatic activities of the thermophilic Geobacillus species from five Jordanian hot springs. Based on phenotypic characters, eight thermophilic isolates were identified and belonged to the genus Geobacillus. The Geobacillus isolates were abundant in all investigated hot springs. The optimal temperature for growth of the isolates was 60 to 65°C and the optimal pH was 6 to 8. Colonies were light yellow circular to rhizoid. The bacterial cells were Gram positive rods and endospore forming. All isolates produced amylase, caseinase, alkaline and acid phosphatases, esterase (C4), esterase lipase (C8), α-Galactosidase, β-Glucuronidase, β-Glucosidase, and N-Acetyl-β-glucosaminidase. Seven isolates produced leucine and valine arylamidases and five isolates produced naphthol-AS-B1- phsphohydrolase. Lipase (C14) activity from two isolates and α-chymotrypsin activity from three isolates were also detected. The phenotypic characterization of those isolates was confirmed by genotypic method using 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Maximal homology of all eight  isolates to genus Geobacillus was observed. Five of these isolates showed greater than 98% homology with Geobacillus stearothermophilus and one isolate showed 100% homology with Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius. Therefore, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis can be considered as a valuable genotypic tool for the identification and characterization of thermophilic bacteria at genus level. Moreover, enzymatic products of those isolates could receive considerable attention due to their potential applications in biotechnology.Keywords: Thermophiles, Geobacillus, hydrolytic enzymes, hot spring, 16S rRNA

The Jurisprudence of the Court of Cassation in Jordan: Interpreting Judicial Decisions and Case Law

In this paper, we study the role of case law as a source for legal rules, particularly in cases of ambiguity or deficiency of legislative provisions. The Jordanian Court of Cassations use of discretion to interpret or complete provisions in various cases serves as the focus of this study. Three topics are addressed: deducting blood-money from the compensation amount, nullification of a real estate sale contract after fifteen years and granting compensation for moral damage in cases of contractual liability