Location Tracing and Potential Risks in Interaction Data Sets

Location-aware mobile phone handsets have become increasingly common in recent years, giving rise to a wide variety of location based services that rely on a person’s mobile phone reporting its current location to a remote service provider. Previous research has demonstrated that services that geo-code status updates may permit the estimation of both the rough location of users’ home locations and those of their workplaces. The paper investigates the disclosure risks of a priori knowledge of a person’s home and workplace locations, or of their current and previous home locations. Detailed interaction data sets published from censuses or other sources are characterised by the sparsity of the contained data, such that unique combinations of two locations may often be observed. In the most detailed 2011 migration data 37% of migrants had a unique combination of origin and destination, whilst in the most detailed journey to work data, 58% of workers had a unique combination of home and workplace. The amount of additional attribute data that might be disclosed is limited. When more coarse geographies are used their still remain a non-trivial number of persons with unique location combinations, with considerably more attributes potentially disclosable

Prediction of peak oxygen uptake using the modified shuttle test — Methodological concerns and implications for clinical practice

This is the author accepted manuscrip

Exercise capacity following a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in a young female with cystic fibrosis: a case report

This is the final version of the article. Available from the publisher via the DOI in this record.Physiological Reports published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American Physiological Society and The Physiological Society.Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic condition affecting the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems, with patients experiencing problems maintaining weight, especially during rapid growth periods such as puberty. The aim of this case report was to monitor the effect of gastrostomy insertion and implementation of overnight supplemental feeding upon clinical outcomes, including body mass index (BMI), lung function (FEV1), and exercise-related variables (maximal oxygen uptake [VO2max] and ventilatory efficiency [VE/VO2]) in an 11-year-old female with CF. Combined incremental and supramaximal exercise testing to exhaustion was performed at four time points: 3 months prior to the procedure (T1), 2 days prior to (T2), 4 months (T3), and 1 year following the procedure (T4). Improvements following gastrostomy insertion were observed at the 1 year follow-up with regards to BMI (+20%); whereas absolute VO2max remained stable and lung function fluctuated throughout the period of observation. Declines in function with regards to body weight relative VO2max (−16.3%) and oxygen uptake efficiency (+7.5%) were observed during this period. This case report is the first to consider exercise-related clinical outcomes in assessing the effect of implementing gastrostomy feeding in CF. The varied direction and magnitude of the associations between variables shows that further investigations are required

Validity and reliability concerns associated with cardiopulmonary exercise testing young people with cystic fibrosis

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from the publisher via the DOI in this record.Letter to the Edito

Promotion of exercise in the management of cystic fibrosis - summary of national meetings

This is the final version. Available from the publisher via the DOI in this recordRationale, aims and objectives: Physical activity (PA) and exercise are important in maintaining and improving health and wellbeing in people with cystic fibrosis (CF) and measures of exercise capacity are useful outcomes in monitoring disease progression. The roles and responsibilities of CF multi-disciplinary team (MDT) members in supporting PA and exercise have yet to be fully defined. This communication reports on national meetings of CF MDT staff whose interest is to improve and standardise person-centered exercise provision and testing as part of routine CF care. We also introduce the role of the physiotherapy technician in supporting PA interventions. Meetings: The two meetings covered a range of presentations, discussions and workshops, focusing on the role of exercise and PA in CF management. Forty people from 15 NHS Hospital Trusts and 3 universities were asked to provide feedback via a questionnaire. Results: The common roles and responsibilities of clinical staff involved in exercise testing and prescription are described, with a wide range of duties identified. In addition, physiotherapists were reported as the main MDT member responsible for exercise provision. The majority of teams reported discussing exercise at every clinical visit (57%) and felt confident in discussing exercise with patients (67%). Conclusions: While this report highlights the current provision of exercise in CF MDTs, it also provides insight into the resources MDTs may require in order to enhance the profile of exercise within CF services, including enhanced training, guidelines and standardised clinical roles.Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation TrustUniversity of Exeter Open Innovation Link Fun

Cardiopulmonary responses to maximal aerobic exercise in patients with cystic fibrosis (article)

This is the final version. Available from Public Library of Science via the DOI in this record.The dataset associated with this article is located in ORE at: https://doi.org/10.24378/exe.1105Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a debilitating chronic condition, which requires complex and expensive disease management. Exercise has now been recognised as a critical factor in improving health and quality of life in patients with CF. Hence, cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is used to determine aerobic fitness of young patients as part of the clinical management of CF. However, at present there is a lack of conclusive evidence for one limiting system of aerobic fitness for CF patients at individual patient level. Here, we perform detailed data analysis that allows us to identify important systems-level factors that affect aerobic fitness. We use patients’ data and principal component analysis to confirm the dependence of CPET performance on variables associated with ventilation and metabolic rates of oxygen consumption. We find that the time at which participants cross the gas exchange threshold (GET) is well correlated with their overall performance. Furthermore, we propose a predictive modelling framework that captures the relationship between ventilatory dynamics, lung capacity and function and performance in CPET within a group of children and adolescents with CF. Specifically, we show that using Gaussian processes (GP) we can predict GET at the individual patient level with reasonable accuracy given the small sample size of the available group of patients. We conclude by presenting an example and future perspectives for improving and extending the proposed framework. The modelling and analysis have the potential to pave the way to designing personalised exercise programmes that are tailored to specific individual needs relative to patient’s treatment therapies.Wellcome TrustEngineering and Physical Sciences Research Counci

Normal reference values for aerobic fitness in cystic fibrosis: a scoping review

This is the final version. Available on open access from BMJ publishing Group via the DOI in this recordData availability statement: All data relevant to the study are included in the article or uploaded as online supplemental information. Not applicable.Objective The importance of aerobic fitness (VO2peak) in cystic fibrosis (CF) is well established, and regular exercise testing is recommended. To standardise VO2peak, a ‘percentage of predicted’ (%pred) derived from normative reference values (NRV), as promoted by the 2015 European Cystic Fibrosis Society Exercise Working Group (ECFS EWG), can be reported. However, the NRVs used in CF and their relative frequency is unknown. Method A scoping review was performed via systematic database searches (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, SciELO, EBSCO) and forward citation searches for studies that include people with CF and report VO2peak as %pred. Studies were screened using Covidence, and data related to patient demographics, testing modality and reference equations were extracted. Additional analyses were performed on studies published in 2016–2021, following the ECFS EWG statement in 2015. Results A total of 170 studies were identified, dating from 1984 to 2022, representing 6831 patients with CF, citing 34 NRV. Most studies (154/170) used cycle ergometry, 15/170 used treadmills, and the remainder used alternative, combination or undeclared modalities. In total, 61/170 failed to declare the NRV used. There were 61 studies published since the ECFS EWG statement, whereby 18/61 used the suggested NRV. Conclusion There is a wide discrepancy in NRV used in the CF literature base to describe VO2peak as %pred, with few studies using NRV from the ECFS EWG statement. This high variance compromises the interpretation and comparison of studies while leaving them susceptible to misinterpretation and limiting replication. Standardisation and alignment of reporting of VO2peak values are urgently needed.Canon Medical Systems UK LtdUniversity of Exete

Windrush migrants in the ONS Longitudinal Study

The ONS Longitudinal Study can be used to estimate the number of Windrush migrants in ways which go beyond the methods based solely on the most recent census, or on the Labour Force Survey. CeLSIUS estimate that in 2011 there were around 1,735 Windrush children who had entered the country (aged under 16) prior to 1971, and 3,744 migrants overall, who did not hold any passport

Validity of the Supramaximal Test to Verify Maximal Oxygen Uptake in Children and Adolescents

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Human Kinetics via the DOI in this record.Purpose: This study had 2 objectives: (1) to examine whether the validity of the supramaximal verification test for maximal oxygen uptake ( formula presented ) differs in children and adolescents when stratified for sex, body mass, and cardiorespiratory fitness and (2) to assess sensitivity and specificity of primary and secondary objective criteria from the incremental test to verify formula presented . Methods: In total, 128 children and adolescents (76 male and 52 females; age: 9.3-17.4 y) performed a ramp-incremental test to exhaustion on a cycle ergometer followed by a supramaximal test to verify formula presented . Results: Supramaximal tests verified formula presented in 88% of participants. Group incremental test peak formula presented was greater than the supramaximal test (2.27 [0.65] L·min-1 and 2.17 [0.63] L·min-1; P  .18). Supramaximal test time to exhaustion predicted supramaximal test formula presented verification (P = .04). Primary and secondary objective criteria had insufficient sensitivity (7.1%-24.1%) and specificity (50%-100%) to verify formula presented . Conclusion: The utility of supramaximal testing to verify formula presented is not affected by sex, body mass, or cardiorespiratory fitness status. Supramaximal testing should replace secondary objective criteria to verify formula presented

The longitudinal effect of dysglycaemia on the ventilatory and aerobic function in children and adults with cystic fibrosis

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from BMJ Publishing Group via the DOI in this recordPaper P127 presented at the British Thoracic Society Winter Meeting, 17 - 19 February 202