Influence of antiobiotics on NAA- induced somatic embryogenesis in eggplant (Solanum melongena L. cv. Embu).

The influence of increasing concentrations of naphthaleneacetic acid and the antibiotics cefotaxim?, timentin, kanamycin, and hygromycin on eggplant (Solanum melongena L. cv. Emb£) somatic embryogenesis was investigated. Cotyledon explants were excised from 16 to 20 days old in vitro grown seedlings. NAA promoted somatic embryogenesis, although its concentrations had no influence on the mean number of embryos. Callusing decreased significantly with increasing NAA concenti-ations. Morphogenesis was stopped with 50 to 100 mg L-I kanamycin and 7.5 to 15 mg L-I hygromycin. Although early globular embryos were observed up to 15 mg L-I, further embryo development was inhibited at 10 mg L .1. Interestingly, cefotaxime (250 and 500 mg L -1) promoted a marked effect on enhancing fresh weight of calli, accompanied by decrease in embryo regeneration, whereas timentin concentrations (150 and 300 mg L-I) did not affect embryo differentiation as compared to the control treatment

Probiotics and their potential applications in active edible films and coatings.

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The effects of an osmoregulator, carbohydrates and polyol on maturation and germination of ‘Golden THB’ papaya somatic embryos

This study evaluated the effect of osmoregulators and carbohydrates on the maturation and germination of somatic embryos of papaya ‘Golden THB’. Cotyledon explants from papaya seedlings germinated in vitro on basal MS medium were cultured on somatic embryogenesis induction medium (IM) containing MS salts, myo-inositol, sucrose, agar and p-chlorophenoxyacetic acid. After 50 days, embryogenic calli were transferred onto maturation media (MM) for 45 additional days. For experiment 1, a MS-based medium supplemented with abscisic acid, activated charcoal and concentrations of PEG 6000 (0; 40; 50; 60 and 70 g L^-1) was used, whereas for experiment 2 malt extract concentrations (0; 0.1; 0.2; 0.3 and 0.4 g L^-1) were assessed. The normal cotyledonary somatic embryos produced in experiment 2 were transferred to the germination medium (GM). The GM consisted of full-strength MS medium, sucrose, agar and was supplemented with myo-inositol at varying concentrations (0; 0.275; 0.55 and 0.825 mM). The PEG concentrations tested impaired the maturation of ‘Golden THB’ papaya somatic embryos. The MM, supplemented with malt extract at 0.153 g L^-1, promoted the greatest development of normal somatic embryos (18.28 SE calli^-1), that is, two cotyledonary leaves produced 36.56 SE calli-1. The supplementation with 0.45 mM myo-inositol provided the highest germination percentage (47.42%) and conversion to emblings

Endoscopic Assessment of the Duodenum in Dogs with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Background: Endoscopy is performed for direct inspection of the mucosa and acquisition of biopsies in dogs with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Aim: To evaluate the interobserver agreement in the endoscopic assessment of duodenal mucosa in dogs with IBD. Methods: Thirty-five archived endoscopic images of grossly normal (n = 6) and inflamed (n = 29) duodenal mucosa were displayed to 3 expert and 5 trainee endoscopists. Each image was assessed independently by endoscopists for mucosal abnormalities using established indices (of hyperemia, granularity, friability, lymphatic dilatation, and erosions) or interpreted as normal mucosa (trial 1). A repeated trial (trial 2) was performed with the same images presented in random order 1 month later, and accompanied by a visual template. Results: There was slight interobserver agreement in initial mucosal assessment for expert and trainee endoscopists in trial 1 (kappa ≤ 0.02, P \u3e .05). Interobserver agreement improved in trial 2 for both expert and trainee endoscopists (kappa = 0.2, P \u3e .05) for experts and (P \u3c .05) for trainees. There was a significant (P \u3c .01) improvement in trainee endoscopy scores of lesions from trial 1 to trial 2. Regression analysis showed a significant (P \u3c .01) difference between expert versus trainee endoscopy scores in trial 1. Repeat lesion assessment aided by use of a visual template (trial 2) improved the overall scores of trainee endoscopists to near that of expert endoscopists (P = .06). Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Interobserver agreement of IBD mucosal appearance from endoscopic findings benefitted from operator experience

Biomassa carbonizada como condicionante de solo para a cultura do arroz de terras altas, em solo arenoso, no Cerrado: efeito imediato para a fertilidade do solo e produtividade das plantas.

O objetivo deste trabalho é demonstrar o efeito da biomassa carbonizada (carvão vegetal de eucalipto) na fertilidade do solo e no desenvolvimento e produtividade de arroz de terras altas, cv. BRS Sertaneja.bitstream/item/35833/1/comt-197.pd