Subordinación, más que amistad en las relaciones Colombia-Estados Unidos

Tras el colapso de la Unión Soviética, la mayoría de los gobiernos en el mundo y particularmente en América Latina se han decidido, y en otros casos, se han visto obligados por diversas razones, pero muy específicamente frente a sus debilidades económicas y sociales, a optar por el patrón político estadounidense de la democracia, cuyos mecanismos y tácticas que se han dado a conocer desde la década de los ochenta a través de lo que fue el Consenso de Washington, las Cumbres Presidenciales y los numeroso documentos que se emiten desde el Coloso del Norte como mandatos hegemónicos para la región

Uma revisão dos modelos de integração na América Latina: o caso da Aliança do Pacífico

O objetivo deste ensaio consiste em uma revisão dos modelos de integração na América Latina, o que permite estabelecer uma relação entre as origens e os fundamentos da integração latino-americana, contrastada com os acontecimentos atuais junto aos atores e interesses delineados no interior de cada bloco geopolítico, tal como se apresenta no caso da Aliança do Pacífico, integrada por quatro membros plenos: México, Colômbia, Peru e Chile, com mais de 50 observadores internacionais que tornam a organização um protótipo de integração relevante para sua avaliação em inícios do século XXI.The objective of this essay consists in a review of the integration models in Latin America, which allows establishing a relationship between the origins and the foundations of Latin American integration, contrasted with current events along with the actors and interests outlined within each geopolitical bloc, as presented in the case of the Pacific Alliance, integrated by four full members: Mexico, Colombia, Peru and Chile, with more than 50 international observers that make the organization a prototype of relevant integration for its evaluation at the beginning of the 21st century

Obstetric outcomes of sars-cov-2 infection in asymptomatic pregnant women

Altres ajuts: Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER)Around two percent of asymptomatic women in labor test positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Spain. Families and care providers face childbirth with uncertainty. We determined if SARS-CoV-2 infection at delivery among asymptomatic mothers had different obstetric outcomes compared to negative patients. This was a multicenter prospective study based on universal antenatal screening for SARS-CoV-2 infection. A total of 42 hospitals tested women admitted for delivery using polymerase chain reaction, from March to May 2020. We included positive mothers and a sample of negative mothers asymptomatic throughout the antenatal period, with 6-week postpartum follow-up. Association between SARS-CoV-2 and obstetric outcomes was evaluated by multivariate logistic regression analyses. In total, 174 asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 positive pregnancies were compared with 430 asymptomatic negative pregnancies. No differences were observed between both groups in key maternal and neonatal outcomes at delivery and follow-up, with the exception of prelabor rupture of membranes at term (adjusted odds ratio 1.88, 95% confidence interval 1.13-3.11; p = 0.015). Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 positive mothers have higher odds of prelabor rupture of membranes at term, without an increase in perinatal complications, compared to negative mothers. Pregnant women testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 at admission for delivery should be reassured by their healthcare workers in the absence of symptoms

As relações Colômbia, países vizinhos e Estados Unidos: visões em torno da agenda de segurança Relations between Colombia, its neighbours and the United States: views on the Security Agenda

Este artigo trabalha a tese de que a agenda de segurança dos EUA para Colômbia, que adquire expressão concreta em mecanismos como o Plano Colômbia e a Iniciativa Regional Andina, continuará sendo o eixo central da política de segurança na região sul-americana. No entanto, a noção de segurança que têm em mente os decisions makers dos EUA no caso colombiano reflete uma visão nas percepções de ameaças na que se misturam fortemente elementos novos ("as novas ameaças"), como o tráfico de drogas e fatores clássicos.<br>This article works the thesis that the security agenda of the USA for Colombia, that acquires a concrete expression in mechanisms like the Colombia Plan and the Andean Regional Initiative, will remain as the central axis of the security policy in the South-American region. However, the notion of security that the decision makers of the USA have in mind in the Colombian case reflects a vision focused on the perceptions of threat in which new elements ("the new threats"), such as traffic, and classical factors are mixed

The association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and preterm delivery: a prospective study with a multivariable analysis.

To determine whether severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, the cause of COVID-19 disease) exposure in pregnancy, compared to non-exposure, is associated with infection-related obstetric morbidity. We conducted a multicentre prospective study in pregnancy based on a universal antenatal screening program for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Throughout Spain 45 hospitals tested all women at admission on delivery ward using polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) for COVID-19 since late March 2020. The cohort of positive mothers and the concurrent sample of negative mothers was followed up until 6-weeks post-partum. Multivariable logistic regression analysis, adjusting for known confounding variables, determined the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of the association of SARS-CoV-2 infection and obstetric outcomes. Preterm delivery (primary), premature rupture of membranes and neonatal intensive care unit admissions. Among 1009 screened pregnancies, 246 were SARS-CoV-2 positive. Compared to negative mothers (763 cases), SARS-CoV-2 infection increased the odds of preterm birth (34 vs 51, 13.8% vs 6.7%, aOR 2.12, 95% CI 1.32-3.36, p = 0.002); iatrogenic preterm delivery was more frequent in infected women (4.9% vs 1.3%, p = 0.001), while the occurrence of spontaneous preterm deliveries was statistically similar (6.1% vs 4.7%). An increased risk of premature rupture of membranes at term (39 vs 75, 15.8% vs 9.8%, aOR 1.70, 95% CI 1.11-2.57, p = 0.013) and neonatal intensive care unit admissions (23 vs 18, 9.3% vs 2.4%, aOR 4.62, 95% CI 2.43-8.94, p  This prospective multicentre study demonstrated that pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 have more infection-related obstetric morbidity. This hypothesis merits evaluation of a causal association in further research