Use of hydrogeomorphic indexes in SAGA-GIS for the characterization of flooded areas in Madre de Dios, Peru

The work aims to identify and cartographically represent sensitive areas (scenarios) to river flooding in the lower section of the Madre de Dios hydrographic unit in the Peruvian Amazon, from the use of digital terrain models (DTM) and System for Automated Geoscientific Analyses (SAGA-GIS) free software, in version 2.2.5. It was produced a DTM with cells of 30 x 30 m hydrologically corrected, obtaining different maps of geomorphological factor (vertical distance from the drainage network and closed depressions) and hydrological factor (surface runoff, topographic wetness index, and modified catchment area). Integrating all this information the contrast index map was obtained, which once reclassified, allowed the spatial delineation of the flood scenarios and their categories of susceptibility

Supplementary Material for: Prey-Capture Strategies of Fish-Hunting Cone Snails: Behavior, Neurobiology and Evolution

The venomous fish-hunting cone snails <i>(Conus)</i> comprise eight distinct lineages evolved from ancestors that preyed on worms. In this article, we attempt to reconstruct events resulting in this shift in food resource by closely examining patterns of behavior, biochemical agents (toxins) that facilitate prey capture and the combinations of toxins present in extant species. The first sections introduce three different hunting behaviors associated with piscivory: ‘taser-and-tether', ‘net-engulfment' and ‘strike-and-stalk'. The first two fish-hunting behaviors are clearly associated with distinct groups of venom components, called cabals, which act in concert to modify the behavior of prey in a specific manner. Derived fish-hunting behavior clearly also correlates with physical features of the radular tooth, the device that injects these biochemical components. Mapping behavior, biochemical components and radular tooth features onto phylogenetic trees shows that fish-hunting behavior emerged at least twice during evolution. The system presented here may be one of the best examples where diversity in structure, physiology and molecular features were initially driven by particular pathways selected through behavior.<br