Restructuring Passiflora Cincinnata Fruit Pulp: Influence Of Hydrocolloids [estruturação De Polpa De Passiflora Cincinnata: Influência De Hidrocoloides]

This study evaluated the effect of mixtures of alginate, low methoxy pectin and gelatin on characteristics of P. cincinnata fruit gels, containing pulp with high soluble solids content (50 °Brix). The results of a central composite design showed that the models obtained, except for water activity and pH, were predictive. Gelatin was an important factor affecting firmness and colour parameters since higher concentrations of this hydrocolloid, combined with alginate concentrations greater than 1.3% and pectin quantity up to 1.26%, could be used to obtain clear yellow products with firmness greater that 1.2 kg.311160166(2000) Official methods of analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists International, , ASSOCIATION OF OFFICIAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTS-AOAC, 17th ed. Arlington: AOACAmeny, M.A., Wilson, P.W., Relationship between hunter color values and beta carotene contents in white-fleshed African sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas Lam.) (1997) Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 73, pp. 301-306Araújo, F.P., Caracterização de frutos de maracujá do mato (Passiflora cincinnata Mast.) cultivado em condições de sequeiro (2002) Congresso Nacional de Botânica, 53, p. 10. , In:, Recife. Resumos... São Paulo: Sociedade Botânica do Brasil, 2002Araújo, F.P., Estratégias para coleta de germoplasma de maracujá do mato (Passiflora cincinnata Mast.) (2006) Magistra, 18, pp. 35-37Bruckner, C.H., Picanço, M.C., (2001) Maracujá: Tecnologia de produção, pós-colheita, agroindústria e mercado, , Porto Alegre: Cinco ContinentesCervi, A.C., (1997) Passifloraceae do Brasil. Estudo do gênero Passiflora L., subgênero Passiflora, , Madrid: FontqueiraChirife, J., Buera, M.D.P., Water activity, glass transition and microbial stability in concentrated/semi moisture food systems (1994) Journal of Food Science, 59, pp. 925-927Gill, B.S., Effects of oBrix, sodium alginate and drying temperature on colour, texture and sensory properties of 'ushehari' mango leather (2004) International Journal of Food Science and Technology, 41, pp. 373-378Glicksman, M., The hydrocolloids industry in the 80's-problems and opportunities (1982) Progress in Food and Nutrition Science, 6, pp. 299-321Grizotto, R.K., Otimização via metodologia da superfície de resposta dos parâmetros tecnológicos para produção de fruta estruturada e desidratada a partir de polpa concentrada de mamão (2005) Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, 25, pp. 158-164Grizotto, R.K., Technological aspects for restructuring concentrated pineapple pulp (2007) Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft und-Technologie, 5, pp. 759-765Laboissière, L.H.E.S., Effect of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) on sensory characteristics of yellow passion fruit juice (2007) Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies, 8, pp. 469-477Mancini, F., McHugh, T.H., Fruit-alginate interactions in novel restructured products (2000) Nahrung, 44, pp. 152-157Mouquet, C., Dumas, J.C., Guilbert, S., Texturization of sweetened mango pulp: Optimization using Response Surface Methodology (1992) Journal of Food Science, 6, pp. 1395-1400Nunes, T.S., de Queiroz, L.P., A família Passifloraceae na Chapada da Diamantina, Bahia, Brasil (2001) Sitientibus-Séries Ciências Biológicas, 1, pp. 33-46Olivier, D., Guigou, B., Bouillette, T., (1998) Produit alimentaire reconstitué, procede et mélanger pour sa préparation, , EP 0274301 AlRodrigues, M.I., Iemma, A.F., (2005) Planejamento e otimização de processos: Uma estratégia seqüencial de planejamentos, p. 326. , Campinas: Casa do Pão EditoraTenn, F.E., (1985) Fruit filler for pastry products and process for its preparation, , US 4562080Sass-Kiss, A., Differences in anthocyanin and carotenoid content of fruits and vegetables (2005) Food Research International, 38, pp. 1023-1029(1995) Computer program manual, , STATISTICA for Windows 5.0, Tulsa: StatSoft In

In Vitro Activity Of Artemisia Annua L (asteraceae) Extracts Against Rhipicephalus (boophilus) Microplus [atividade In Vitro De Extratos De Artemisia Annua L (asteraceae) Sobre Rhipicephalus (boophilus) Microplus]

The activity of plant extracts on parasites may indicate groups of substances that are potentially useful for controlling Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. The aim of the present study was to investigate the in vitro action of Artemisia annua extracts on this tick. The concentrations of the sesquiterpene lactones artemisinin and deoxyartemisinin present in plant extracts were quantified via high-performance liquid chromatography. Four extracts produced from the concentrated crude extract (CCE) were evaluated on larvae using the impregnated paper method, with readings after 24 hours of incubation. The engorged females were immersed in the CCE and in its four derived extracts for five minutes, with incubation for subsequent analysis of biological parameters. The extracts were not effective on the larvae at the concentrations tested (3.1 to 50 mg.mL-1). The CCE showed greater efficacy on engorged females (EC50 of 130.6 mg.mL-1 and EC90 of 302.9 mg.mL-1) than did the derived extracts. These results tend to confirm that the action of artemisinin on engorged females of R. (B.) microplus is conditional to their blood intake. In this case, in vitro methods would be inadequate for effective evaluation of the action of A. annua on R. (B.) microplus.2013135Amaral, N.K., Guidelines for the evaluation of ixodicides against the cattle tick Boophilus microplus (Canestrini, 1887) (Acari: Ixodidae) (1993) Revista Brasileira De Parasitologia Veterinária, 2 (2), pp. 144-151(2009) Anuário Da Pecuária Brasileira, p. 360. , ANUALPEC, Sao Paulo: Angra FNP PesquisasBorges, L.M.F., Acao do extrato hexanico de frutos maduros de Melia azedarach (Meliaceae) sobre Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) em bezerros infestados artificialmente (2005) Revista De Patologia Tropical, 34 (1), pp. 53-59Cala, A.C., (2010) Avaliação Da Atividade De Artemisia Annua L., Melia Azedarach L. E Trichilia Claussenii C. Sobre Nematódeos Gastrintestinais De Ovinos, p. 64. , Dissertacao (Mestrado)- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciencias Agrarias e Veterinarias, JaboticabalCeleghini, R.M.S., Desenvolvimento e validacao de metodologia analitica por CLAE-IR para determinacao de artemisinina em Artemisia annua L (2009) Química Nova, 32 (4), pp. 875-878Chagas, A.C.S., Efeito acaricida de oleos essenciais e concentrados emulsionaveis de Eucalyptus em Boophilus microplus (2002) Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science, 39 (5), pp. 247-253Chagas, A.C.S., Sensibilidade do carrapato Boophilus microplus a solventes (2003) Ciência Rural, 33 (1), pp. 109-114Creek, D.J., Kinetics of ironmediated artemisinin degradation:Effect of solvent composition and iron salt (2005) Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 94 (8), pp. 1820-1829Drummond, R.O., Boophilus annulatus and B. Microplus: Laboratory tests of insecticides (1973) Journal of Economic Entomology, 66 (1), pp. 130-133Ekanem, A.P., Brisibe, E.A., Effects of ethanol extract of Artemisia annua L. Against monogenean parasites of Heterobranchus longifilis (2010) Parasitology Research, 106 (5), pp. 1135-1139Fernandes, F.F., Freitas, E.P.S., Acaricidal activity of an oleoresinous extract from Copaifera reticulata (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae against larvae of the southern cattle tick, Riphicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari:Ixodidae) (2007) Veterinary Parasitology, 147 (1-2), pp. 150-154Ferreira, J.F.S., Agrotechnological aspects of the anti-malarial plant Artemisia annua and its potential use in animal health in Appalachia (2006) International Symposium on Perfume, Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, (2-4), pp. 797-804. , Revue de Regions Arides - Numero special - Actes du seminaire international les Plants a Parfum, Aromatiques et Medicinales (English version: International Center for Agricultural Research in Dry AreasFerreira, J.F.S., Nutrient Deficiency in the Production of Artemisinin, Dihydroartemisinic Acid, and Artemisinic Acid in Artemisia annua L (2007) Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 55 (5), pp. 1686-1694Ferreira, J.F.S., Gonzalez, J.M., Chemical and biological stability of artemisinin in bovine rumen fluid and its kinetics in goats (Capra hircus) (2008) Revista Brasileira De Parasitologia Veterinária, 17 (SUPPL. 1), pp. 103-109Furlong, J., O carrapato dos bovinos e a resistencia: Temos o que comemorar? (2007) A Hora Veterinária, 159, pp. 26-32Grisi, L., Impacto economico das principais ectoparasitoses em bovinos no Brasil (2002) A Hora Veterinária, 21 (125), pp. 8-10Heimerdinger, A., Extrato alcoolico de Capim-cidreira (Cymbopogon citratus) no controle do Boophilus microplus em bovinos (2006) Revista Brasileira De Parasitologia Veterinária, 15 (1), pp. 37-39Idris, U.A., Adam, S.E., Tartour, G., The anthelmintic efficacy of Artemisia herba-alba against Haemonchus contortus infection in goats (1982) Animal Health Quarterly, 22 (3), pp. 138-143Iqbal, Z., Anthelmintic activity of Artemisia brevifolia in sheep (2004) Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 93 (2), pp. 265-268Keiser, J., Artesunate and artemether are effective fasciolicides in the rat model and in vitro (2006) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 57 (6), pp. 1139-1145Keiser, J., Efficacy and safety of artemether against a natural Fasciola hepatica infection in sheep (2008) Parasitology Research, 103 (3), pp. 517-522Keiser, J., Utzinger, J., Food-borne trematodiasis: Current chemotherapy and advances with artemisinins and synthetic trioxolanes (2007) Trends In Parasitology, 23 (11), pp. 555-562Klayman, D.L., Qinghaosu (Artemisinin): Na antimalarial drug from China (1985) Science, 228 (4703), pp. 1049-1055La-Scalea, M.A., Silva, H.S.R.C., Ferreira, E., Reducao voltametrica de artemisinina e sua interacao com grupo heme (hemina) (2007) Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 43 (3), pp. 371-383Martins, R.M., Estudio in vitro de la accion acaricida del aceite esencial de la graminea Citronela de Java (Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt) en la garrapata Boophilus microplus (2006) Revista Brasileira De Plantas Medicinais De Botucatu, 8 (2), pp. 71-78Meshnick, S.R., Second-generation antimamalarial endoperoxides (1996) Parasitology Today, 12 (2), pp. 79-82Ribeiro, V.L.S., Acaricidal properties of extracts from the aerial parts of Hypericum polyanthemum on the cattle tick Boophilus microplus (2007) Veterinary Parasitology, 147 (1-2), pp. 199-203Rodrigues, R.A.F., Otimizacao do processo de extracao e isolamento do antimalarico artemisinina a partir de Artemisia annua L (2006) Química Nova, 29 (2), pp. 368-372Silva, H.S.R.C., (2006) Antimaláricos Potenciais: Pró-fármacos Poliméricos E Formas De Liberação Controlada De Artemisinina, p. 209. , Tese (Doutorado)-Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao PauloSimoes, C.M., (2004) Farmacognosia: Da Planta Ao Medicamento, p. 1102. , 5. ed. Porto Alegre: Editora da UFRGSFlorianopolis: Editora da UFSCTaranto, A.G., Estudo sobre o mecanismo de acao da artemisinina e dos endoperoxidos, a mais nova classe de agents antimalaricos (2006) Sitientibus, 34, pp. 47-58Tariq, K.A., Anthelmintic activity of extracts of Artemisia absinthium against ovine nematodes (2009) Veterinary Parasitology, 160 (1-2), pp. 83-8

Magnetoresistance of Three-Constituent Composites: Percolation Near a Critical Line

Scaling theory, duality symmetry, and numerical simulations of a random network model are used to study the magnetoresistance of a metal/insulator/perfect conductor composite with a disordered columnar microstructure. The phase diagram is found to have a critical line which separates regions of saturating and non-saturating magnetoresistance. The percolation problem which describes this line is a generalization of anisotropic percolation. We locate the percolation threshold and determine the t = s = 1.30 +- 0.02, nu = 4/3 +- 0.02, which are the same as in two-constituent 2D isotropic percolation. We also determine the exponents which characterize the critical dependence on magnetic field, and confirm numerically that nu is independent of anisotropy. We propose and test a complete scaling description of the magnetoresistance in the vicinity of the critical line.Comment: Substantially revised version; description of behavior in finite magnetic fields added. 7 pages, 7 figures, submitted to PR

Plasma Lipases And Lipid Transfer Proteins Increase Phospholipid But Not Free Cholesterol Transfer From Lipid Emulsion To High Density Lipoproteins

Background: Plasma lipases and lipid transfer proteins are involved in the generation and speciation of high density lipoproteins. In this study we have examined the influence of plasma lipases and lipid transfer protein activities on the transfer of free cholesterol (FC) and phospholipids (PL) from lipid emulsion to human, rat and mouse lipoproteins. The effect of the lipases was verified by incubation of labeled (3H-FC, 14C-PL) triglyceride rich emulsion with human plasma (control, post-heparin and post-heparin plus lipase inhibitor), rat plasma (control and post-heparin) and by the injection of the labeled lipid emulsion into control and heparinized functionally hepatectomized rats. Results: In vitro, the lipase enriched plasma stimulated significantly the transfer of 14C-PL from emulsion to high density lipoprotein (p<0.001) but did not modify the transfer of 3H-FC. In hepatectomized rats, heparin stimulation of intravascular lipolysis increased the plasma removal of 14C-PL and the amount of 14C-PL found in the low density lipoprotein density fraction but not in the high density lipoprotein density fraction. The in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that free cholesterol and phospholipids were transferred from lipid emulsion to plasma lipoproteins independently from each other. The incubation of human plasma, control and control plus monoclonal antibody anti-cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), with 14C-PL emulsion showed that CETP increases 14C-PL transfer to human HDL, since its partial inhibition by the anti-CETP antibody reduced significantly the 14C-PL transfer (p<0.05). However, comparing the nontransgenic (no CETP activity) with the CETP transgenic mouse plasma, no effect of CETP on the 14C-PL distribution in mice lipoproteins was observed. Conclusions: It is concluded that: 1-intravascular lipases stimulate phospholipid transfer protein mediated phospholipid transfer, but not free cholesterol, from triglyceride rich particles to human high density lipoproteins and rat low density lipoproteins and high density lipoproteins; 2-free cholesterol and phospholipids are transferred from triglyceride rich particles to plasma lipoproteins by distinct mechanisms, and 3 - CETP also contributes to phospholipid transfer activity in human plasma but not in transgenic mice plasma, a species which has high levels of the specific phospholipid transfer protein activity.219Backer, G., Bacquer, D., Konitzer, M., Epidemiological aspects of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (1998) Atherosclerosis, 137, pp. S1-S6Stein, O., Stein, Y., Atheroprotective mechanisms of HDL (1999) Atherosclerosis, 144, pp. 285-301Tall, A.R., Plasma lipid transfer proteins (1995) Annu Rev Biochem, 64, pp. 235-257Hesler, B., Tall, A.R., Swenson, T.L., Weech, P.K., Marcel, Y.L., Milne, R.W., Monoclonal antibody to the Mr 74000 cholesterol ester transfer protein neutralize all of the cholesterol ester and triglyceride transfer activities in human plasma (1988) J Biol Chem, 263, pp. 5020-5023Swenson, T.L., Brocia, R.W., Tall, A.R., Plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein has binding sites for neutral lipids and phospholipids (1988) J Biol Chem, 263, pp. 5150-5157Lagrost, L., Athias, A., Gambert, P., Lallemant, C., Comparative study of phospholipid transfer activities mediated by cholesteryl ester transfer protein and phospholipid transfer protein (1994) J Lipid Res, 35, pp. 825-835Tato, F., Vega, G.L., Grundy, S.M., Determinants of plasma HDL-cholesterol in hypertriglyceridemic patients (1997) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 17, pp. 56-63Tall, A.R., Forester, L.R., Bongiovanni, G.L., Facilitation of phosphatidylcholine transfer into HDL lipoproteins by an apolipoprotein in the density 1.20-1.26 g/ml fraction of plasma (1983) J Lipid Res, 24, pp. 277-289Albers, J.J., Tollefson, J.H., Chen, C.H., Steinmetz, A., Isolation and characterization of human plasma lipid transfer proteins (1984) Arteriosclerosis, 4, pp. 49-58Guyard-Dangremont, V., Desrumaux, C., Gambert, P., Lallemant, C., Lagrost, L., Phospholipid and cholesteryl ester transfer activities in plasma from 14 vertebrate species. Relation to atherogenesis susceptibility (1998) Comp Biochem Physiol Biochem Mol Biol, 120, pp. 517-525Tall, A.R., Krumholz, S., Olivecrona, T., Deckelbaum, R.J., Plasma phospholipid transfer protein enhances transfer and exchange of phospholipids between VLDL and HDL lipoproteins during lipolysis (1985) J Lipid Res, 26, pp. 842-851Nishida, H.I., Nishida, T., Phospholipid transfer protein mediates transfer of not only phosphatidylcholine but also cholesterol from phosphatidylcholine-cholesterol vesicles to high density lipoproteins (1997) J Biol Chem, 272, pp. 6959-6964Lagrost, L., Desrumaux, C., Masson, D., Deckert, V., Gambert, P., Structure and function of the plasma phospholipid transfer protein (1998) Curr Opin Lipidol, 9, pp. 203-209Albers, J.J., Tu, A.Y., Paigen, B., Chen, H., Cheung, M.C., Marcovina, S.M., Transgenic mice expressing human phospholipid transfer protein have increased HDL/non-HDL cholesterol ratio (1996) Int J Clin Lab Res, 26, pp. 262-267Foger, B., Santamarina-Fojo, S., Shamburek, R.D., Parrot, C.L., Talley, G.D., Brewer Jr., H.B., Plasma phospholipid transfer protein. Adenovirus-mediated overexpression in mice leads to decreased plasma high density lipoprotein (HDL) and enhanced hepatic uptake of phospholipids and cholesteryl esters from HDL (1997) J Biol Chem, 272, pp. 27393-27400Redgrave, T.G., Small, D.M., Quantitation of the transfer of surface phospholipid of chylomicrons to the HDL lipoprotein fraction during the catabolism of chylomicrons in the rat (1979) J Clin Invest, 64, pp. 162-171Tall, A.R., Green, P.H., Glickman, R.M., Riley, J.W., Metabolic fate of chylomicron phospholipids and apoproteins in the rat (1979) J Clin Invest, 64, pp. 977-989Tall, A.R., Blum, C.B., Forester, G.P., Nelson, C.A., Changes in the distribution and composition of plasma HDL liproteins after ingestion of fat (1982) J Biol Chem, 257, pp. 198-207Groot, H., Scheek, L.M., Effects of fat ingestion on HDL profiles in human sera (1984) J Lipid Res, 25, pp. 684-692Brunzell, J.D., Familial lipoprotein lipase deficiency and other causes of the chylomicronemia syndrome (1995) Metabolic & Molecular Bases of Inherited Disease, pp. 1913-1932. , Scriver, CR, Beaudet, AL, Sly, WS, ed, McGraw-Hill Inc, New York, 7th edBijvoet, S., Gagne, S.E., Moorjani, S., Gagne, C., Henderson, H.E., Fruchart, J.C., Dallongeville, J., Hayden, M.R., Alterations in plasma lipoproteins and apolipoproteins before the age of 40 in heterozygotes for lipoprotein lipase deficiency (1996) J Lipid Res, 37, pp. 640-650Kuusi, T., Ehnholm, C., Viikari, J., Harkonen, R., Vartiainen, E., Puska, P., Taskinen, M.-R., Postheparin plasma lipoprotein and hepatic lipase are determinants of hypo- and hyperalphalipoproteinemia (1989) J Lipid Res, 30, pp. 1117-1126Liu, S., Jirik, F.R., LeBoeuf, R.C., Henderson, H., Castellani, L.W., Lusis, A.J., Ma, Y., Kirk, E., Alteration of lipid profiles in plasma of transgenic mice expressing human lipoprotein lipase (1994) J Biol Chem, 269, pp. 11417-11424Weinstock, P.H., Bisgaier, C.L., Aalto-Setala, K., Radner, H., Ramakrishnan, R., Levak-Frank, S., Essenburg, A.D., Breslow, J.L., Severe hypertriglyceridemia, reduced high density lipoprotein, and neonatal death in lipoprotein lipase knockout mice. Mild hypertriglyceridemia with impaired very low density lipoprotein clearance in heterozygotes (1995) J Clin Invest, 96, pp. 2555-2568Applebaum-Bowden, D., Kobayashi, J., Kashyap, V.S., Brown, D.R., Berard, A., Meyn, S., Parrott, C., Santamarina-Fojo, S., Hepatic lipase gene therapy in hepatic lipase-deficient mice. Adenovirus-mediated replacement of a lipolytic enzyme to the vascular endothelium (1996) J Clin Invest, 97, pp. 799-805Gillett, M.P., Vieira, E.M., Dimenstein, R., The phospholipase activities present in preheparin mouse plasma are inhibited by antiserum to hepatic lipase (1993) Int J Biochem, 25, pp. 449-453Ha, Y.C., Barter, P.J., Differences in plasma cholesteryl ester transfer activity in sixteen vertebrate species (1982) Comp Biochem Physiol B, 71, pp. 265-269Clee, S.M., Zhang, H., Bissada, N., Miao, L., Ehrenborg, E., Benlian, P., Shen, G.X., Hayden, M.R., Relationship between lipoprotein lipase and HDL lipoprotein cholesterol in mice: Modulation by cholesteryl ester transfer protein and dietary status (1997) J Lipid Res, 38, pp. 2079-2089Oliveira, H.C.F., Hirata, M.H., Redgrave, T.G., Maranhão, R.C., Competition between chylomicrons and their remnants for plasma removal: A study with artificial emulsion models of chylomicrons (1988) Biochim Biophys Acta, 958, pp. 211-217Nakandakare, E.R., Lottenberg, S.A., Oliveira, H.C.F., Bertolami, M.C., Vasconcelos, K.S., Sperotto, G., Quintão, E.C., Simultaneous measurements of chylomicron lipolysis and remnant removal using a doubly labeled artificial lipid emulsion: Studies in normolipidemic and hyperlipidemic subjects (1994) J Lipid Res, 35, pp. 143-152Jiao, S., Cole, T.G., Kitchens, R.T., Pfleger, B., Schonfeld, G., Genetic heterogeneity of lipoproteins in inbred strains of mice: Analysis by gel-permeation chromatography (1990) Metabolism, 39, pp. 155-160Ehnholm, C., Kuusi, T., Preparation, characterization and measurement of hepatic lipase (1986) Methods Enzymol, 129, pp. 716-738Oliveira, H.C.F., Quintão, E.C., 'In vitro' cholesteryl ester bidirectional flow between high-density lipoproteins and triglyceride-rich emulsions: Effects of particle concentration and composition, cholesteryl ester transfer activity and oleic acid (1996) J Biochem Biophys Methods, 32, pp. 45-57Huff, M.W., Miller, D.B., Wolf, B.M., Connelly, P.W., Sawyez, C.G., Uptake of hypertriglyceridemic VLDL and their remnants by HepG2 cells: The role of lipoprotein lipase, hepatic triglyceride lipase, and cell surface proteoglycans (1997) J Lipid Res, 38, pp. 1318-1333Marques-Vidal, P., Jauhiainen, M., Metso, J., Ehnholm, C., Transformation of HDL2 particles by hepatic lipase and phospholipid transfer protein (1997) Atherosclerosis, 133, pp. 87-96Murdoch, S.J., Breckenridge, W.C., Effect of lipid transfer proteins on lipoprotein lipase induced transformation of VLDL and HDL (1996) Biochim Biophys Acta, 1303, pp. 222-232Murdoch, S.J., Breckenridge, W.C., Influence of lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase on the transformation of VLDL and HDL during lipolysis of VLDL (1995) Atherosclerosis, 118, pp. 193-212Patsch, J.R., Gotto Jr., A.M., Olivercrona, T., Eisenberg, S., Formation of HDL2-like particles during lipolysis of VLDL in vitro (1978) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 75, pp. 4519-4523Gillett, M.P., Costa, E.M., Owen, J.S., The phospholipase activities present in preheparin mouse plasma are inhibited by antiserum to hepatic lipase (1980) Biochim Biophys Acta, 617, pp. 237-244Peterson, J., Bengtsson-Olivecrona, G., Olivecrona, T., Mouse preheparin plasma contains high levels of hepatic lipase with low affinity for heparin (1986) Biochim Biophys Acta, 87, pp. 865-870O'Meara, N.M., Cabana, V.G., Lukens, J.R., Loharikar, B., Forte, T.M., Polonsky, K.S., Getz, G.S., Heparin-induced lipolysis in hypertriglyceridemic subjects results in the formation of atypical HDL particle (1994) J Lipid Res, 35, pp. 2178-219

Nutritional Evaluation Of Children With Chronic Cholestatic Disease

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)To evaluate the nutritional status of children with persistent cholestasis and to compare the anthropometric indices between children with and without liver cirrhosis and children with and without jaundice. Methods Children with persistent cholestasis, i.e. increased direct bilirrubin or changes in the canalicular enzyme gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), were included. The anthropometric measures were weight (W), height or length (H), arm circumference (AC), triceps skinfold thickness (TST), arm muscle circumference (AMC), and body mass index (BMI). Results Ninety-one children with cholestasis, with current median age of 12 months, were evaluated. W/age (A) and H/A indices below -2 Z-scores were observed in 33% and 30.8% of patients, respectively. Concerning the W/H index and BMI, only 12% and 16% of patients, respectively, were below -2 Z-scores. Regarding AC, 43.8% of 89 evaluated patients had some depletion. Observing the TST, 64% of patients had depletion, and 71.1% of the 45 evaluated patients had some degree of depletion regarding the ACM index. Conclusion Evaluation using weight in patients with chronic liver diseases may overestimate the nutritional status due to visceromegaly, subclinical edema, or ascites. Indices that correlate weight and height, such as W/H and BMI, may also not show depletion because of the chronic condition in which there are depletion of both weight and height. TST, AC, and ACM are parameters that better estimate nutritional status and should be part of the management of patients with liver diseases and cholestasis. © 2015 Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria.922197205CNPq, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

CCR5D32 mutation in three Brazilian populations of predominantly Sub-Saharan African ancestry

This study reports the frequencies of the CCR5D32 mutation of the beta-chemokine 5 gene and discusses the possible effects of past and recent gene flow in three quilombo remnants (Brazilians communities with anthropological African ancestry whose ancestors were escaped slaves): Rio das Rãs, Mocambo, and São Gonçalo in the northeastern region of Brazil. The CCR5D32 allele frequency of the Mocambo population was significantly higher (5.6%) than that found in the Rio das Rãs (1%) and São Gonçalo (0.9%) populations. These differences may reflect different proportions of parental populations in the founders individuals, a founder-effect and/or different histories of inter-ethnic contact. The frequency of the CCR5D32 allele in the Mocambo sample is similar to that found in those urban Brazilian populations which have a large amount of European genetic input, indicating a European contribution to the gene pool of this population and suggesting that, perhaps since its foundation, Mocambo has had a high level of admixture or experienced a founder-effect

First attempt at measuring the CMB cross-polarization

We compute upper limits on CMB cross-polarization by cross-correlating the PIQUE and Saskatoon experiments. We also discuss theoretical and practical issues relevant to measuring cross-polarization and illustrate them with simulations of the upcoming BOOMERanG 2002 experiment. We present a method that separates all six polarization power spectra (TT, EE, BB, TE, TB, EB) without any other "leakage" than the familiar EE-BB mixing caused by incomplete sky coverage. Since E and B get mixed, one might expect leakage between TE and TB, between EE and EB and between BB and EB - our method eliminates this by preserving the parity symmetry under which TB and EB are odd and the other four power spectra are even.Comment: Polarization movies can be found at http://www.hep.upenn.edu/~angelica/polarization.htm

Tidal Dwarf Galaxies at Intermediate Redshifts

We present the first attempt at measuring the production rate of tidal dwarf galaxies (TDGs) and estimating their contribution to the overall dwarf population. Using HST/ACS deep imaging data from GOODS and GEMS surveys in conjunction with photometric redshifts from COMBO-17 survey, we performed a morphological analysis for a sample of merging/interacting galaxies in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South and identified tidal dwarf candidates in the rest-frame optical bands. We estimated a production rate about 1.4 {\times} 10^{-5} per Gyr per comoving volume for long-lived TDGs with stellar mass 3 {\times} 10^{8-9} solar mass at 0.5<z<1.1. Together with galaxy merger rates and TDG survival rate from the literature, our results suggest that only a marginal fraction (less than 10%) of dwarf galaxies in the local universe could be tidally-originated. TDGs in our sample are on average bluer than their host galaxies in the optical. Stellar population modelling of optical to near-infrared spectral energy distributions (SEDs) for two TDGs favors a burst component with age 400/200 Myr and stellar mass 40%/26% of the total, indicating that a young stellar population newly formed in TDGs. This is consistent with the episodic star formation histories found for nearby TDGs.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures, Accepted for publication in Astrophysics & Space Scienc