Methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) polymorphisms in Brazilian patients with Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)

OBJECTIVE: The folate pathway is involved in hepatic carcinogenesis and angiogenesis. Polymorphisms in genes related to such processes, including methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)] may play an important role in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The objective of this study was to evaluate MTHFR and VEGF polymorphisms in Brazilian patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related HCC. METHODS: A total of 119 patients diagnosed with confirmed HCC and HCV were included in the study. SNP genotyping assays were performed using real-time PCR. VEGFA (rs2010963, rs3025039, and rs833061) and MTHFRC677T (rs1801133, rs1801131) polymorphisms were evaluated. RESULTS: The C alleles of MTHFR (rs1801131) and VEGF (rs2010963) were associated with protection against the development of multinodular HCC, while the T allele of MTHFR (rs1801133) was associated with a higher risk of multinodular presentation [p=0.04 OR 1.835 CI (1.022-3.297)]. Multivariate analysis revealed that the GG/GC genotypes of VEGF rs2010963 were independently associated with multinodular tumors at diagnosis (p=0.013; OR 4.78 CI (1.38-16.67)]. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that these polymorphisms may increase the risk of rapid tumor progression in patients with HCV infection. This subgroup of patients with HCC and who present polymorphism is more likely to be diagnosed with multinodular disease and not be amenable to receiving curative treatments. These data must be validated in larger cohorts, and the screening intervals can be customized based on genetic history

Treatment with parkinsonia aculeata combats insulin resistance-induced oxidative stress through the increase in Ppar gamma/cuzn-sod axis expression in diet-induced obesity mice

Parkinsonia aculeata L. (Caesalpiniaceae) is a traditional ethnomedicine and has been used for the empiric treatment of hyperglycemia, without scientific background. Mechanistic analyses at molecular level from the antioxidant mechanism observed by P. aculeata are required. Herein the effects of the treatment by hydroethanolic extract partitioned with ethyl acetate of P. aculeata aerial parts (HEPa/EtOAc) in mice fed a high-fat diet that share many obesity phenotypes with humans were evaluated. The animals were treated orally with HEPa/EtOAc (125 and 250 mg/kg/day) and pioglitazone (5 mg/kg/day), for 16 days. After the treatment, HEPa/EtOAc reduced fasting serum glucose and insulin levels, as well as homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance. In addition, an improvement in glucose intolerance was also observed. Indeed, a reduction in the circulating levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6 was also observed. Furthermore, at molecular level, it was demonstrated that the HEPa/EtOAc treatment was able to improve these physiological parameters, through the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) per si, as well as the enhancement of antioxidant mechanism by an increase in PPAR gamma/Cu2+, Zn2+-superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD) axis expression in liver and adipose tissue. In sum, P. aculeata is effective to improve insulin resistance in a mouse model of obesity and this effect seems to involve the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms through the increase in PPAR gamma/CuZn-SOD axis expression41901-0293101CAPES - COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL E NÍVEL SUPERIORCNPQ – CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOsem informaçãosem informaçãoParkinsonia aculeata L. (Caesalpiniaceae) is a traditional ethnomedicine and has been used for the empiric treatment of hyperglycemia, without scientific background. Mechanistic analyses at molecular level from the antioxidant mechanism observed by P. aculeata are required. Herein the effects of the treatment by hydroethanolic extract partitioned with ethyl acetate of P. aculeata aerial parts (HEPa/EtOAc) in mice fed a high-fat diet that share many obesity phenotypes with humans were evaluated. The animals were treated orally with HEPa/EtOAc (125 and 250 mg/kg/day) and pioglitazone (5 mg/kg/day), for 16 days. After the treatment, HEPa/EtOAc reduced fasting serum glucose and insulin levels, as well as homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance. In addition, an improvement in glucose intolerance was also observed. Indeed, a reduction in the circulating levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6 was also observed. Furthermore, at molecular level, it was demonstrated that the HEPa/EtOAc treatment was able to improve these physiological parameters, through the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) per si, as well as the enhancement of antioxidant mechanism by an increase in PPAR gamma/Cu2+, Zn2+-superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD) axis expression in liver and adipose tissue. In sum, P. aculeata is effective to improve insulin resistance in a mouse model of obesity and this effect seems to involve the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms through the increase in PPAR gamma/CuZn-SOD axis expression

A reestruturação do trabalho docente: precarização e flexibilização Restructuring the teaching profession: precarization and flexibilization

O artigo pretende discutir as atuais condições de trabalho dos docentes de escolas públicas brasileiras, tendo como referência resultados de pesquisas empíricas e revisão bibliográfica que demonstram um contexto de reestruturação do trabalho pedagógico. Parte-se da premissa de que com a reestruturação produtiva assistida de forma mais ostensiva nas duas últimas décadas, novas demandas têm sido apresentadas à educação escolar com relação aos seus objetivos, refletindo em mudanças nas formas de gestão e organização do trabalho na escola. Tais mudanças trazidas pelas reformas educacionais mais recentes têm resultado em intensificação do trabalho docente, ampliação do seu raio de ação e, conseqüentemente, em maiores desgastes e insatisfação por parte desses trabalhadores. O texto pretende, ainda, discutir como tais mudanças interferem no que se entende como processo de flexibilização e precarização do trabalho docente à luz das teses da desprofissionalização e proletarização.<br>Based on results from empirical research and on a bibliographic review that demonstrates a context of restructuration of the pedagogical work, this paper discusses the present work conditions of teachers in the Brazilian public school system. It assumes that the very clear productive restructuration that has been occurring these last two decades brought has questioned the objectives of school education and entailed changes in the forms of work management and organization at school. Brought by the recent educational reforms, such changes have caused the intensification of teachers' work, enlarging their scope of action and consequently increasing their weariness and dissatisfaction level. The text also discusses how such changes interfere in the so-called called process of flexibilization, with an increasing precariousness of teachers' work, in the light of the theses of disprofissionalization and proletarianization

Morphology and pollen viability of Lolium multiflorum Lam. Morfologia e viabilidade polínica de Lolium multiflorum Lam.

Study and characterization of pollen grains are essential for different areas, especially taxonomy, genetic improvement, phylogeny, and paleobotany. As yet, there are no reports on pollen morphology of genotypes of naturalized Lolium multiflorum Lam., introduced cultivars or breeding populations, diploid or polyploid. Ten genotypes of annual ryegrass (L. multiflorum) were evaluated for the viability of pollen grains using propionic carmine and Alexander's stains, while morphology was assessed by the acetolysis technique. Measures of polar axis (P), equatorial diameter (E), exine thickness, and analysis of pollen grains were obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). All genotypes showed high rate of pollen viability (> 89%) for both stains. There were differences between genotypes in the following quantitative traits: polar axis, equatorial diameter, exine, endexine, ektexine, and P/E ratio. Pollen grains were characterized as small, monoporates, with circular and non-prominent apertures. In addition to helping distinction of pollen grains, morphometric differences can be used later to compare ploidy levels, thus assisting in breeding programs of the species.<br>O estudo e a caracterização do grão de pólen são fundamentais para diferentes áreas, em especial, para a taxonomia, o melhoramento genético, a filogenia e a paleobotânica. Para genótipos de Lolium multiflorum Lam., naturalizados no Brasil, cultivares introduzidas ou populações de melhoramento, diploides e poliploides, não existem relatos sobre a caracterização morfopolínica. Nesse trabalho foram analisados dez gentótipos de azevém anual (L. multiflorum). A viabilidade dos grãos de pólen foi verificada por coloração com os corantes carmim propiônico e Alexander e a morfologia por meio da técnica de acetólise, sendo obtidas medidas do eixo polar (P), do diâmetro equatorial (E), e da espessura da exina, e análise dos grãos de pólen por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Todos os genótipos avaliados apresentaram alta taxa de viabilidade polínica (>89%) para os dois corantes utilizados. Houve diferença entre os genótipos para os caracteres quantitativos eixo polar, diâmetro equatorial na vista equatorial, exina, endoexina, ectoexina e razão P/E. Os grãos de pólen foram caracterizados como pequenos, monoaperturados, com abertura não proeminente e com âmbito circular. As diferenças morfométricas entre os grãos-de-pólen podem auxiliar na distinção entre os mesmos e, posteriormente, serem utilizadas para comparação entre os níveis de ploidia, auxiliando, assim, nos programas de melhoramento da espécie