Induced resistance during the interaction pathogen x plant and the use of resistance inducers

Plants react to aggressions through different defence responses. Mechanical barriers consist in the increase of production and deposition of substances capable of containing pathogen invasion. Chemical barriers consist in the increase of concentration or activity of defence proteins and synthesis of phenolic compounds and phytoalexins. Elicitor substances have been widely used in plant disease control showing impressive results and a low impact to the environment and man. This review contains information about plant defence mechanisms and shows the use of inducers of resistance in the control of pathogens and prospects of advance towards sustainable agriculture

D etection of sweet potato virus C, sweet potato virus 2 and sweet potato feathery mottle virus in Portugal

Field sweet potato plants showing virus-like symptoms, as stunting, leaf distortion, mosaic and chlorosis, were collected in southwest Portugal and tested for the presence of four potyviruses, sweet potato virus C (SPVC), sweet potato virus 2 (SPV2), sweet potato feathery mottle virus (SPFMV), sweet potato virus G (SPVG), and the crinivirus sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus (SPCSV). DsRNA fractions were extracted from symptomatic leaves and used as templates in single and multiplex RT-PCR assays using previously described specific primers for each analyzed virus. The amplified reaction products for SPVC, SPV2 and SPFMV were of expected size, and direct sequencing of PCR products revealed that they correspond to the coat protein gene (CP) and showed 98%, 99% and 99% identity, respectively, to those viruses. Comparison of the CP genomic and amino acid sequences of the Portuguese viral isolates recovered here with those of ten other sequences of isolates obtained in different countries retrieved from the GenBank showed very few differences. The application of the RT-PCR assays revealed for the first time the presence of SPVC and SPFMV in the sweet potato crop in Portugal, the absence of SPVG and SPCSV in tested plants, as well as the occurrence of triple virus infections under field conditions

Analysis of Strict Social Isolation (SSI-Lockdown) Measures Impacts on Atmospheric Pollutant Emissions and Health Risks on Roads with Intense Vehicle Flow in the City of Fortaleza-Ceara/Brazil

In early 2020, governments of many countries adopted strict social isolation (SSI) measures to contain the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 Disease (COVID-19). Thus, the present work aimed to evaluate the influence of those SSI measures on atmospheric pollutants emissions and their potential health risks in the city of Fortaleza - Ceará. To this end, static and dynamic analyses were carried out in order to investigate the levels of some atmospheric pollutants found in four main avenues during SSI and post-SSI periods.  In addition, some health indicators were investigated by analyzing potential Particulate Matter (PM) deposition in the respiratory tract of populations exposed to those environments. Our results for both dynamic and static analyses show that all pollutant concentrations from those avenues displayed an increase between SSI and the post-SSI period. The total PM2.5 dose deposited in the respiratory tract and potential total PM10 respiratory deposition showed increases between the SSI and post-SSI periods. The inhaled-dose numbers also showed considerable increases for all avenues when comparing SSI and post-SSI periods. According to our results, SSI contributed to decreases in atmospheric pollutant emissions, in potential particulate matter respiratory tract deposition and, consequently, in the inhaled particulate matter dose

The potential role of polyelectrolyte complex nanoparticles based on cashew gum, tripolyphosphate and chitosan for the loading of insulin

Polyelectrolytic complexation has stood out due to its application in the development of drug delivery systems using biopolymers as raw materials. The formation of complexes between cashew gum and chitosan can be intermediated by cross-links, mediated by the action of the sodium tripolyphosphate crosslinking agent. These polymers have been used in the nanotechnological development of formulations to protect peptide drugs, such as insulin, allowing their oral administration. In this work, we describe the development of polyelectrolytic complexes from cashew gum and chitosan as biopolymers for oral administration of insulin. The obtained complexes showed a mean particle size of 234 nm and polydispersity index of 0.2. The complexes were 234 nm in size, PDI 0.2, zeta potential 4.5 mV and 22% trapping. The obtained complexes demonstrated considerable and promising characteristics for use as oral insulin delivery systems.e Fundação de Amparo à Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Pernambuco (FACEPE), Banco do Nordeste (grant FUNDECI/2016.0015), Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation (FCT/MCT) and from European Funds (PRODER/COMPETE) through the project UIDB/04469/2020 (strategic fund), co-financed by FEDER, under the Partnership Agreement PT2020info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Semeando autonomia e preservando a biodiversidade agrícola no Ceará

Experiências de armazenamento e seleção de sementes são práticas antigas. Existem desde o início da agricultura, quando os povos antigos começaram a selecionar e melhorar as sementes de acordo com suas necessidades. Foi realizada uma pesquisa sobre as Casas de Sementes Comunitárias (CSC) no município de Massapê, na região Nordeste do Brasil, buscando compreender essa estratégia de afirmação camponesa para conquista da autonomia, avaliar as espécies guardadas e sua contribuição para a manutenção da agrobiodiversidade. Os dados foram coletados em 2013 através de entrevistas semiestruturadas com abordagem quali-quantitativa, e grupos focais. As CSC garantem maior autonomia para os camponeses, pela disponibilidade de sementes de boa qualidade no momento propício, além de auxiliarem na conservação da agrobiodiversidade local.The experience of storage and selection of seeds is an old practice. Since the beginning of agriculture, the ancient people began to select and improve seeds according to their needs. A Research on the Communitary Seeds Bank was held in the city of Massapê, in northeastern Brazil, in order to understand this statement farmers strategy for conquest autonomy, evaluate the saved species and their contribution to the maintenance of agro-biodiversity. The data collection took place in 2013 through semi-structured interviews with a qualitative and quantitative approach, and focus groups. The Communitary Seeds Bank ensure greater autonomy for the farmers, the availability of good quality seeds and at the right time, and help in the conservation of local agro-biodiversity.Eje: A1 Sistemas de producción de base agroecológica (Trabajos científicos)Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Semeando autonomia e preservando a biodiversidade agrícola no Ceará

Experiências de armazenamento e seleção de sementes são práticas antigas. Existem desde o início da agricultura, quando os povos antigos começaram a selecionar e melhorar as sementes de acordo com suas necessidades. Foi realizada uma pesquisa sobre as Casas de Sementes Comunitárias (CSC) no município de Massapê, na região Nordeste do Brasil, buscando compreender essa estratégia de afirmação camponesa para conquista da autonomia, avaliar as espécies guardadas e sua contribuição para a manutenção da agrobiodiversidade. Os dados foram coletados em 2013 através de entrevistas semiestruturadas com abordagem quali-quantitativa, e grupos focais. As CSC garantem maior autonomia para os camponeses, pela disponibilidade de sementes de boa qualidade no momento propício, além de auxiliarem na conservação da agrobiodiversidade local.The experience of storage and selection of seeds is an old practice. Since the beginning of agriculture, the ancient people began to select and improve seeds according to their needs. A Research on the Communitary Seeds Bank was held in the city of Massapê, in northeastern Brazil, in order to understand this statement farmers strategy for conquest autonomy, evaluate the saved species and their contribution to the maintenance of agro-biodiversity. The data collection took place in 2013 through semi-structured interviews with a qualitative and quantitative approach, and focus groups. The Communitary Seeds Bank ensure greater autonomy for the farmers, the availability of good quality seeds and at the right time, and help in the conservation of local agro-biodiversity.Eje: A1 Sistemas de producción de base agroecológica (Trabajos científicos)Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Semeando autonomia e preservando a biodiversidade agrícola no Ceará

Experiências de armazenamento e seleção de sementes são práticas antigas. Existem desde o início da agricultura, quando os povos antigos começaram a selecionar e melhorar as sementes de acordo com suas necessidades. Foi realizada uma pesquisa sobre as Casas de Sementes Comunitárias (CSC) no município de Massapê, na região Nordeste do Brasil, buscando compreender essa estratégia de afirmação camponesa para conquista da autonomia, avaliar as espécies guardadas e sua contribuição para a manutenção da agrobiodiversidade. Os dados foram coletados em 2013 através de entrevistas semiestruturadas com abordagem quali-quantitativa, e grupos focais. As CSC garantem maior autonomia para os camponeses, pela disponibilidade de sementes de boa qualidade no momento propício, além de auxiliarem na conservação da agrobiodiversidade local.The experience of storage and selection of seeds is an old practice. Since the beginning of agriculture, the ancient people began to select and improve seeds according to their needs. A Research on the Communitary Seeds Bank was held in the city of Massapê, in northeastern Brazil, in order to understand this statement farmers strategy for conquest autonomy, evaluate the saved species and their contribution to the maintenance of agro-biodiversity. The data collection took place in 2013 through semi-structured interviews with a qualitative and quantitative approach, and focus groups. The Communitary Seeds Bank ensure greater autonomy for the farmers, the availability of good quality seeds and at the right time, and help in the conservation of local agro-biodiversity.Eje: A1 Sistemas de producción de base agroecológica (Trabajos científicos)Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Oral lichen planus: A retrospective study of 110 Brazilian patients

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by multiple clinical presentations and a relatively high prevalence in the population. This retrospective patient record study investigated the profile of OLP in a group of Brazilian patients seen between 1989 and 2009.</p> <p>Findings</p> <p>The clinical records were analyzed and data such as gender, age, race, clinical presentation of OLP, site affected, presence of symptoms and extraoral manifestations of the disease, smoking habit, and consumption of alcoholic beverages were obtained. Among the 1822 records of patients with oral mucosal lesions, OLP was identified in 6.03%. Of these, 76.36% were females, with a mean age of 54 years, and 85% were whites. The reticular form was the most frequent (81.81%). Extraoral lesions were observed in 32.72% of the patients and painful symptoms were reported by 50.90%. The cheek mucosa was the site most affected (92.72%) and multiple oral lesions were observed in 77.27% of the patients. Among patients with OLP, 18.18% reported a smoking habit and 29.09% the consumption of alcoholic beverages.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This retrospective study showed a relatively high prevalence of OLP in the population studied, with a predominance of the disease among middle-aged white women and bilateral involvement of the cheek mucosa. Reticular lesions were the most frequent, followed by the erosive form which is mainly associated with painful symptoms. No relationship with tobacco or alcohol consumption was observed.</p