Caracterización morfológica y molecular de árboles de Umbu-cajá en la región nordeste del Brasil

The umbu-cajá (Spondias sp.) is a fruit specie native of the brazilian semiarid region with high potential for cultivation. The juicy pulp is used in the production of juices and nectars. The aim of this study was to characterize 18 individuals of umbu-cajá tree at three sites located in the Brazilian northeast municipalities of Mossoró/RN and Apodi/RN to identify individuals with superior attributes for fruit processing and/or in natura consumption The morphological, physical and physicochemical characterization of 20 fruits of each individuals were performed. Leaves of trees were used for molecular analyses with Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. It was possible to verify that there are phenotypic variability among the fruits of umbu-cajá trees.  The individuals of the same region were grouped in the same group. JZ5, JZ6 and MA6 individuals can be used for pulp processing, while JZ1, JZ2, JZ3 and JZ6 are adequate for in natura consumption. The molecular analyses showed polymorphism for the two molecular markers used. The ISSR marker generated the greatest polymorphism among the individuals. However, the RAPD marker made it possible to achieve a more consistent cluster, which is in agreement with the geographical distribution of these individuals. The use of morphological markers together with molecular markers constitutes an important tool for characterizing umbu-cajá individuals. Keywords: genetic resources, ISSR, RAPD, Spondias sp.Umbu-cajá (Spondias sp.) es una especie de fruto nativa de la región semiárida brasileña con alto potencial de cultivo. La pulpa jugosa se utiliza en la producción de jugos y néctares. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar a 18 individuos de umbu-cajá en tres sitios ubicados en los municipios noreste de Mossoró / RN y Apodi / RN para identificar individuos con atributos superiores para procesamiento de frutas y / o consumo in natura. Se realizó la caracterización morfológica, física y fisicoquímica de 20 frutos de cada individuo. Las hojas de los árboles se utilizaron para los análisis moleculares mediante Secuencias Intergénicas Repetidas Simples (ISSR) y la Amplificación aleatoria de ADN polimórfico (RAPD). Se pudo verificar la existencia de variabilidad fenotípica entre los frutos de los árboles umbu-cajá. Los individuos de la misma región se agruparon en el mismo grupo. Los individuos JZ5, JZ6 y MA6 pueden usarse para el procesamiento de pulpa, mientras que JZ1, JZ2, JZ3 y JZ6 son adecuados para el consumo in natura. Los análisis moleculares mostraron polimorfismo para los dos marcadores moleculares utilizados. El ISSR generó el mayor polimorfismo entre los individuos. Sin embargo, el marcador RAPD permitió lograr un grupo más consistente, lo que está de acuerdo con la distribución geográfica de estos individuos. El uso de marcadores morfológicos junto con marcadores moleculares constituye una herramienta importante para caracterizar individuos umbu-cajá. Palabras clave: ISSR, RAPD, recursos genéticos, Spondias sp

Decomposição de serapilheira foliar em três sistemas florestais no Sudoeste da Bahia

The decomposition process influences the functioning of forest ecosystems, because it regulates the accumulation of soil organic matter and nutrient cycling. The objective of this study was to evaluate the decomposition of leaf litter in a native forest fragment (semideciduous forest) and two forest plantations (native species planting: Tabebuia impetiginosa, Tabebuia serratifolia, Tabebuia roseo-alba, Alchornea triplinervia and Astronium urundeuva and jackfruit planting. The decomposition was evaluated from the use of nylon bags containing about 10 grams of leaf material. The bags were collected at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 days after installation. Were estimated the percentage of the remaining mass, the rate of decomposition (k) and half-life time of the litter (t1/2). At the end of the experiment, in the jackfruit planting, over 50% of the leaf material was decomposed, while in the native forest and in the native planting native the decomposition occurred of 34 and 35%, respectively. The coefficient k was higher for jackfruit planting (0,0033 g g-1 day), followed by native forest (0,0023 g g-1 day) and the native planting (0,0019 g g-1 day). The half-life time was 210,04 days (jackfruit planting), 364,81 days (native planting) and 301,37 days (native forest). The leaf litter of jackfruit planting has more rapid decomposition in relation to native forest and native planting. The decomposition process is influenced not only by the quality of the litter, but also by quality of the microenvironment of a given forest stand.O processo de decomposição influencia o funcionamento de ecossistemas florestais, pois regula o acúmulo de matéria orgânica no solo e a ciclagem de nutrientes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a decomposição da serapilheira foliar de um fragmento de floresta nativa (Floresta Estacional Semidecidual Montana) e dois plantios florestais, um plantio de espécies nativas [Ipê roxo (Tabebuia impetiginosa), Ipê amarelo (Tabebuia serratifolia), Ipê branco (Tabebuia roseo-alba), Sete-cascas (Alchornea triplinervia) e Aroeira (Astronium urundeuva)] e um plantio de jaqueira (Artocarpus heterophyllus). A decomposição foi avaliada a partir da utilização de bolsas de náilon contendo cerca de 10 g de material foliar. As coletas ocorreram aos 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 e 180 dias após a instalação. Foram estimados o percentual de massa remanescente, as taxas de decomposição (k) e o tempo de meia vida do folhedo (t1/2). Ao final do experimento, no plantio de jaqueira mais de 50% do material foliar foi decomposto, enquanto na floresta nativa e no plantio de nativas ocorreu decomposição de 34 e 35%, respectivamente. O coeficiente k foi maior para o plantio de jaqueira (0,0033 g·g-1·dia), seguido da floresta nativa (0,0023 g·g-1·dia) e do plantio de nativas (0,0019 g·g-1·dia). O tempo de meia vida foi de 210,04 dias (plantio jaqueira), 364,81 dias (plantio de nativas) e 301,37 dias (floresta nativa). A serapilheira foliar do plantio de jaqueira apresenta decomposição mais acelerada, em relação ao plantio de espécies florestais nativas e a floresta nativa. O processo de decomposição é influenciado não apenas pela qualidade do folhedo, mas também pela qualidade do microambiente de determinado povoamento florestal

DECOMPOSIÇÃO DA SERAPILHEIRA FOLIAR DE FLORESTA NATIVA E PLANTIOS DE Pterogyne nitens E Eucalyptus urophylla NO SUDOESTE DA BAHIA

The decomposition process regulates the accumulation of litter and nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems, being central to its maintenance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the dynamics of leaf litter decomposition in three forest ecosystems (semideciduous forest Montana and homogeneous stands of Pterogyne nitens Tul. and Eucalyptus urophylla ST Blake), located in Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil. To evaluate the decomposition, newly fallen leaves on the ground of trees and shrubs in each of the studied toppings were collected. The sheets were dried at 65 °C, and thereafter, 10 g portions were weighed and placed in litter bags, which were randomly distributed on the surface of the forest floor in each of the areas studied. Five litter bags at random were collected after 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 days of installation. After collection, the material contained in each litter bag was subjected to drying in an oven at 65 °C and weighed. Based on the obtained masses were estimated the percentage of the remaining mass, the rate of decomposition (k) and half-life time of the litter (t1/2). For chemical characterization three subsamples were separated from the dried leaf litter, which were ground and analyzed by determination of the total nitrogen, carbon, polyphenols, lignin and cellulose. The decomposition was related to environmental variables (precipitation, temperature and humidity) and the microenvironment (temperature and soil moisture).The total accumulated litter varied significantly between the settlements studied, the highest value was observed in the area of Eucalyptus urophylla (12,7 Mg ha-1), followed by native forest (6,9 Mg ha-1) and Pterogyne nitens (1,1 Mg ha-1). At the end of the six months of the experiment, Eucalyptus urophylla showed the greatest remaining mass (73,6%), followed by native forest (67,8%) and Pterogyne nitens (46,3%). The decomposition constant (k) was higher in litter of Pterogyne nitens (0,0054 g g-1 day), with lower values for native forest (0,0016 g g-1 day) and Eucalyptus urophylla (0,0015 g g-1day). The rate of decomposition of leaf litter of the peopling of Pterogyne nitens is in a superior position in relation to rates of native forest and stand of Eucalyptus urophylla, which provides the largest species ability to recycle organic matter and nutrients. The decomposition process in the studied ecosystems is influenced not only by the quality of the litter but also by the quality of their microenvironment.O processo de decomposição regula o acúmulo de serapilheira e a ciclagem de nutrientes em ecossistemas florestais, sendo fundamental para sua manutenção. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a dinâmica de decomposição foliar em uma Floresta Estacional Semidecidual Montana e em plantios homogêneos de Pterogyne nitens Tul. e de Eucalyptus urophylla S. T. Blake, localizados no município de Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brasil. Para avaliação da decomposição, foram coletadas folhas recém-caídas sobre o solo de árvores e arbustos em cada uma das coberturas estudadas. As folhas foram secas em estufa a 65oC e, após isso, porções de 10 g foram pesadas e colocadas em litter bags, que foram distribuídos aleatoriamente na superfície do piso florestal em cada uma das áreas estudadas. Realizaram-se coletas de cinco litter bags de forma aleatória após 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 e 180 dias da instalação. Com base nas massas obtidas, foram estimados o percentual de massa remanescente, as taxas de decomposição (k) e o tempo de meia-vida do folhedo (t1/2). Para caracterização química, foram separadas três subamostras do material foliar seco, que foram moídas e analisadas, determinando-se os teores de nitrogênio total, carbono, polifenóis, lignina e celulose. Os dados de decomposição foram relacionados com variáveis ambientais (precipitação, temperatura e umidade do ar) e microambientais (temperatura e umidade do solo) referentes ao mês de coleta. O acúmulo total de serapilheira variou entre as áreas estudadas, o maior valor foi observado no plantio de Eucalyptus urophylla (12,7 Mg ha-1), seguido pela floresta nativa (6,9 Mg ha-1) e plantio de Pterogyne nitens (1,1 Mg ha-1). Ao final dos seis meses de avaliação, o Eucalyptus urophylla apresentou a maior massa remanescente (73,6%), seguido da floresta nativa (67,8%) e Pterogyne nitens (46,3%). A constante de decomposição (k) foi maior para a Pterogyne nitens (0,0054 g g-1dia), com menores valores para floresta nativa (0,0016 g g-1dia) e Eucalyptus urophylla (0,0015 g g-1dia). A taxa de decomposição da serapilheira foliar do povoamento de Pterogyne nitens situa-se em uma posição superior em relação às taxas da floresta nativa e do povoamento de Eucalyptus urophylla, o que proporciona à espécie maior capacidade de reciclar matéria orgânica e nutrientes. O processo de decomposição nos ecossistemas estudados é influenciado não apenas pela qualidade do folhedo, mas também pela qualidade do seu microambiente

Post-intervention Status in Patients With Refractory Myasthenia Gravis Treated With Eculizumab During REGAIN and Its Open-Label Extension

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether eculizumab helps patients with anti-acetylcholine receptor-positive (AChR+) refractory generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG) achieve the Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (MGFA) post-intervention status of minimal manifestations (MM), we assessed patients' status throughout REGAIN (Safety and Efficacy of Eculizumab in AChR+ Refractory Generalized Myasthenia Gravis) and its open-label extension. METHODS: Patients who completed the REGAIN randomized controlled trial and continued into the open-label extension were included in this tertiary endpoint analysis. Patients were assessed for the MGFA post-intervention status of improved, unchanged, worse, MM, and pharmacologic remission at defined time points during REGAIN and through week 130 of the open-label study. RESULTS: A total of 117 patients completed REGAIN and continued into the open-label study (eculizumab/eculizumab: 56; placebo/eculizumab: 61). At week 26 of REGAIN, more eculizumab-treated patients than placebo-treated patients achieved a status of improved (60.7% vs 41.7%) or MM (25.0% vs 13.3%; common OR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.1-4.5). After 130 weeks of eculizumab treatment, 88.0% of patients achieved improved status and 57.3% of patients achieved MM status. The safety profile of eculizumab was consistent with its known profile and no new safety signals were detected. CONCLUSION: Eculizumab led to rapid and sustained achievement of MM in patients with AChR+ refractory gMG. These findings support the use of eculizumab in this previously difficult-to-treat patient population. CLINICALTRIALSGOV IDENTIFIER: REGAIN, NCT01997229; REGAIN open-label extension, NCT02301624. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE: This study provides Class II evidence that, after 26 weeks of eculizumab treatment, 25.0% of adults with AChR+ refractory gMG achieved MM, compared with 13.3% who received placebo

Minimal Symptom Expression' in Patients With Acetylcholine Receptor Antibody-Positive Refractory Generalized Myasthenia Gravis Treated With Eculizumab

The efficacy and tolerability of eculizumab were assessed in REGAIN, a 26-week, phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody-positive (AChR+) refractory generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG), and its open-label extension

Morphological and molecular characterization of Umbu-Cajá tree in the northeast region of Brazil

The umbu-cajá (Spondias sp.) is a fruit specie native of the brazilian semiarid region with high potential for cultivation. The juicy pulp is used in the production of juices and nectars. The aim of this study was to characterize 18 individuals of umbu-cajá tree at three sites located in the Brazilian northeast municipalities of Mossoró/RN and Apodi/RN to identify individuals with superior attributes for fruit processing and/or in natura consumption The morphological, physical and physicochemical characterization of 20 fruits of each individuals were performed. Leaves of trees were used for molecular analyses with Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. It was possible to verify that there are phenotypic variability among the fruits of umbu-cajá trees.  The individuals of the same region were grouped in the same group. JZ5, JZ6 and MA6 individuals can be used for pulp processing, while JZ1, JZ2, JZ3 and JZ6 are adequate for in natura consumption. The molecular analyses showed polymorphism for the two molecular markers used. The ISSR marker generated the greatest polymorphism among the individuals. However, the RAPD marker made it possible to achieve a more consistent cluster, which is in agreement with the geographical distribution of these individuals. The use of morphological markers together with molecular markers constitutes an important tool for characterizing umbu-cajá individuals.   Keywords: genetic resources, ISSR, RAPD, Spondias sp

Decomposição de serapilheira foliar em três sistemas florestais no Sudoeste da Bahia

The decomposition process influences the functioning of forest ecosystems, because it regulates the accumulation of soil organic matter and nutrient cycling. The objective of this study was to evaluate the decomposition of leaf litter in a native forest fragment (semideciduous forest) and two forest plantations (native species planting: Tabebuia impetiginosa, Tabebuia serratifolia, Tabebuia roseo-alba, Alchornea triplinervia and Astronium urundeuva and jackfruit planting. The decomposition was evaluated from the use of nylon bags containing about 10 grams of leaf material. The bags were collected at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 days after installation. Were estimated the percentage of the remaining mass, the rate of decomposition (k) and half-life time of the litter (t1/2). At the end of the experiment, in the jackfruit planting, over 50% of the leaf material was decomposed, while in the native forest and in the native planting native the decomposition occurred of 34 and 35%, respectively. The coefficient k was higher for jackfruit planting (0,0033 g g-1 day), followed by native forest (0,0023 g g-1 day) and the native planting (0,0019 g g-1 day). The half-life time was 210,04 days (jackfruit planting), 364,81 days (native planting) and 301,37 days (native forest). The leaf litter of jackfruit planting has more rapid decomposition in relation to native forest and native planting. The decomposition process is influenced not only by the quality of the litter, but also by quality of the microenvironment of a given forest stand.O processo de decomposição influencia o funcionamento de ecossistemas florestais, pois regula o acúmulo de matéria orgânica no solo e a ciclagem de nutrientes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a decomposição da serapilheira foliar de um fragmento de floresta nativa (Floresta Estacional Semidecidual Montana) e dois plantios florestais, um plantio de espécies nativas [Ipê roxo (Tabebuia impetiginosa), Ipê amarelo (Tabebuia serratifolia), Ipê branco (Tabebuia roseo-alba), Sete-cascas (Alchornea triplinervia) e Aroeira (Astronium urundeuva)] e um plantio de jaqueira (Artocarpus heterophyllus). A decomposição foi avaliada a partir da utilização de bolsas de náilon contendo cerca de 10 g de material foliar. As coletas ocorreram aos 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 e 180 dias após a instalação. Foram estimados o percentual de massa remanescente, as taxas de decomposição (k) e o tempo de meia vida do folhedo (t1/2). Ao final do experimento, no plantio de jaqueira mais de 50% do material foliar foi decomposto, enquanto na floresta nativa e no plantio de nativas ocorreu decomposição de 34 e 35%, respectivamente. O coeficiente k foi maior para o plantio de jaqueira (0,0033 g·g-1·dia), seguido da floresta nativa (0,0023 g·g-1·dia) e do plantio de nativas (0,0019 g·g-1·dia). O tempo de meia vida foi de 210,04 dias (plantio jaqueira), 364,81 dias (plantio de nativas) e 301,37 dias (floresta nativa). A serapilheira foliar do plantio de jaqueira apresenta decomposição mais acelerada, em relação ao plantio de espécies florestais nativas e a floresta nativa. O processo de decomposição é influenciado não apenas pela qualidade do folhedo, mas também pela qualidade do microambiente de determinado povoamento florestal

An evidence-informed policymaking (EIPM) competency profile for the Brazilian Health System developed through consensus: process and outcomes

Abstract Background Evidence-informed policymaking (EIPM) requires a set of individual and organizational knowledge, skills and attitudes that should be articulated with background factors and needs. In this regard, the development of an EIPM competency profile is important to support the diagnosis, planning and implementation of EIPM. Purpose To present the process and outcomes of the development of an EIPM competency profile by an expert committee, to be applied in different contexts of the Brazilian Health System. Methods A committee of experts in EIPM shared different views, experiences and opinions to develop an EIPM competency profile for Brazil. In six consensus workshops mediated by facilitators, the committee defined from macro problems to key actions and performances essential for the competency profile. The development steps consisted of: (1) Constitution of the committee, including researchers, professionals with practical experience, managers, and educators; (2) Development of a rapid review on EIPM competency profiles; (3) Agreement on commitments and responsibilities in the processes; (4) Identification and definition of macro problems relating to the scope of the competency profile; and (5) Outlining of general and specific capacities, to be incorporated into the competency profile, categorized by key actions. Results The development of the EIPM competency profile was guided by the following macro problems: (1) lack of systematic and transparent decision-making processes in health policy management; (2) underdeveloped institutional capacity for knowledge management and translation; and (3) incipient use of scientific evidence in the formulation and implementation of health policies. A general framework of key actions and performances of the EIPM Competency Profile for Brazil was developed, including 42 specific and general key actions distributed by area of activity (Health Management, Scientific Research, Civil Society, Knowledge Translation, and Cross-sectional areas). Conclusions The competency profile presented in this article can be used in different contexts as a key tool for the institutionalization of EIPM

Encapsulated Brucella ovis Lacking a Putative ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter (ΔabcBA) Protects against Wild Type Brucella ovis in Rams.

Submitted by Nuzia Santos ([email protected]) on 2016-04-05T16:46:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Encapsulated Brucella(...) Transporte.pdf: 3817674 bytes, checksum: fc75361cde3ac21b6b485230614c7a04 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Nuzia Santos ([email protected]) on 2016-04-05T16:56:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Encapsulated Brucella(...) Transporte.pdf: 3817674 bytes, checksum: fc75361cde3ac21b6b485230614c7a04 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-05T16:56:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Encapsulated Brucella(...) Transporte.pdf: 3817674 bytes, checksum: fc75361cde3ac21b6b485230614c7a04 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Instituto de Ciências Biológicas. Departamento de Patologia Geral. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Instituto de Ciências Biológicas. Departamento de Patologia Geral. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Instituto de Ciências Biológicas. Departamento de Patologia Geral. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Instituto de Ciências Biológicas. Departamento de Patologia Geral. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Escola de Veterinária. Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrasilUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Escola de Veterinária. Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrasilUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Escola de Veterinária. Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrasilUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Escola de Veterinária. Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrasilUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Escola de Veterinária. Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrasilUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Escola de Veterinária. Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrasilUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Escola de Veterinária. Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrasilUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Escola de Veterinária. Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrasilUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Escola de Veterinária. Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrasilUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Escola de Veterinária. Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrasilUniversidade Estadual do Maranhão. Departamento de Patologia. São Luís, MA, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrasilUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Escola de Veterinária. Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrasilEmpresa Brasileira de Agropecuária. Juiz de Fora, MG, BrasilUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Instituto de Ciências Biológicas. Departamento de Patologia Geral. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Escola de Veterinária. Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrasilThis study aimed to evaluate protection induced by the vaccine candidate B. ovis ΔabcBA against experimental challenge with wild type B. ovis in rams. Rams were subcutaneously immunized with B. ovis ΔabcBA encapsulated with sterile alginate or with the non encapsulated vaccine strain. Serum, urine, and semen samples were collected during two months after immunization. The rams were then challenged with wild type B. ovis (ATCC25840), and the results were compared to non immunized and experimentally challenged rams. Immunization, particularly with encapsulated B. ovis ΔabcBA, prevented infection, secretion of wild type B. ovis in the semen and urine, shedding of neutrophils in the semen, and the development of clinical changes, gross and microscopic lesions induced by the wild type B. ovis reference strain. Collectively, our data indicates that the B. ovis ΔabcBA strain is an exceptionally good vaccine strain for preventing brucellosis caused by B. ovis infection in rams