Influência da temperatura ambiental e dos cenários climáticos futuros sobre os ácidos graxos ω-3 e ω-6 e desempenho zootécnico do tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum)

In this work, the effect of the environmental variations on the Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). In the first moment, The influence of natural and captive environments on hematology and Metabolism of fatty acids. In the second moment, the Environmental protection, predicted by the IPCC for the year 2100, was Growth, hematology and fatty acid metabolism. In both Moments, temperature seems to have a primordial role on the physiology and Metabolism of tambaqui fatty acids.Neste trabalho, foi estudado o efeito das variações ambientais sobre o tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). No primeiro momento, caracterizou-se a influência dos ambientes, natural e de cativeiro, sobre a hematologia e metabolismo dos ácidos graxos. No segundo momento, a variação ambiental, prevista pelo IPCC para o ano 2100, foi avaliada a partir do crescimento, hematologia e metabolismo dos ácidos graxos. Em ambos os momentos, a temperatura parece ter um papel primordial sobre a fisiologia e metabolismo dos ácidos graxos do tambaqui

Aspectos fisiológicos e bioquímicos do tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum, Cuvier 1818) alimentado com dietas suplementadas por frutos e sementes de áreas alagáveis

The high productivity of the floodplain areas of the Amazon in conjunction to the need of alternative food for confined fish, raise great interest in verifying the possibility of the use of regional fruits to reduce the costs of tropical fish farming. This study aimed to evaluate the potentiality of catoré (Crataeva benthami), camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia), embaúba (Cecropia latiloba) and jauari (Astrocaryum jauari) fruits and munguba (Pseudobombax munuba) seed in the tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) feeding, through the analysis of physiological and biochemical aspects of this fish species. The results showed that the fruits and the seed did not cause organic disequilibrium or growth impairment of the animals. However, it was observed that the diet supplemented with camu-camu and jauari presented larger similarity to the control group, emerging as alternatives among the tested diets.A alta produtividade da floresta alagada em associação a necessidade de alimentos alternativos para peixes confinados criou grande interesse em verificar a possibilidade do uso dos frutos regionais para reduzir os custos da piscicultura de peixes tropicais. Este estudo, objetivou avaliar a potencialidade dos frutos catoré (Crataeva benthami), camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia), embaúba (Cecropia latiloba) e jauari (Astrocaryum jauari) e da semente de munguba (Pseudobombax munguba) na alimentação de tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum), a partir da análise dos aspectos fisiológicos e bioquímicos desta espécie de peixe. Os resultados mostraram que os frutos e a semente não causam desequilíbrio orgânico ou prejuízos ao crescimento dos animais. Contudo, foi observado que as dietas suplementadas com camu-camu e jauarí apresentaram maior similaridade ao grupo controle, surgindo como alternativas entre as dietas testadas

Caracterización de la actividad piscícola en las meso regiones del estado del amazonas, amazonía brasileña

Fish farming has an outstanding position in Brazil. In the Amazon, there is a lack of updated technical information to support the progress of investment on the sector. This paper aims to characterize the fish farming activity in grouped municipalities (mesoregions) of the Amazonas State, based on technical information extracted from data bank of governmental institutions of Amazonas state. The public information from Secretary for Rural Production of Amazonas State (SEPROR-AM) and Environmental Protection Institute of the Amazonas State (IPAAM) were organized in spreadsheets and analyzed. According to the analyzed material, there is no structured pattern among the mesoregions. As regard as the farmed species, the tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) is the second most important, except by the southwest region. Alevins were acquired by donation from The Agriculture Development and Sustainable Forestry Institute of the Amazonas State (IDAM/SEPROR-AM) or directly from nature. There are fish farmers associations in all municipalities; however, the closer to the capital, the better their organization. Among the major constraints mentioned by fish farmers are: acquisition of fish food, acquisition of alevins, lack or restriction of updated information, and specialized technicians. We suggest that the diagnostic of the fish farming activity in the mesoregions on the Amazonas state can subsidize local actions and actions in other regions of pan-Amazon (integrated region by the Amazonian territories of all Amazon countries).La piscicultura ocupa una posición destacada en el Brasil. En la Amazonía falta información técnica actualizada que subsidie el progreso de inversiones en este sector. El objetivo de este trabajo fue caracterizar la actividad piscícola en el Amazonas por medio de agrupamiento de municipios (meso regiones), mediante la utilización de información técnica proveniente de instituciones gubernamentales del Amazonas. Fueron consideradas informaciones públicas solicitadas a la Secretaria de Produção Rural do Estado do Amazonas (SEPROR-AM) y al Instituto de Proteção Ambiental do Amazonas (IPAAM), que fueron reorganizadas en planillas y luego se analizaron. De acuerdo con el material recopilado, en las meso regiones no existe un patrón común entre las estructuras utilizadas. Sobre las especies cultivadas se observó que el tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) ocupa una posición secundaria, con excepción de la región sudeste. La adquisición de alevinos es realizada por medio de donaciones recibidas del Instituto de Desenvolvimento Agropecuário e Florestal Sustentável do Estado do Amazonas (IDAM/SEPROR- AM) o directamente de la naturaleza. Las asociaciones de piscicultores o acuicultores están presentes en todos los municipios; sin embargo, cuanto mayor es la proximidad a la capital, mejor están organizadas. Entre los principales problemas mencionados por los piscicultores están la obtención de la ración, la adquisición de alevinos y la falta o restricción de información y de técnicos especializados. Sugerimos que el diagnóstico de la actividad piscícola en las meso regiones del Estado de Amazonas, aquí presentado, puede subsidiar acciones locales y en otras regiones de la panAmazonia (región integrada por los territorios amazónicos de todos los países amazónicos)

Critical swimming speed of matrinxã (Brycon amazonicus) exposed to hypoxia

Escape is the first response of fish to stress, that depends on the swimming performance and the physiological adjustments. This study has investigated the critical swimming speed (Ucrit) of matrinxã after exposure to hypoxia. To achieve that, the fishes were exposed to hypoxia and analyzed before and after forced swimming, using Ucrit. The hypoxia caused an increase of lactate, glucose, cortisol and hematocrit. No changes of plasma sodium and potassium levels, as well as the Ucrit, were observed. We suggest that matrinxã is sensitive to hypoxia, but the physiological adjustments are sufficient to keep its swimming performance.A primeira resposta ao estresse é a fuga, que depende do desempenho natatório e de ajustes fisiológicos. Este estudo investigou a velocidade crítica de natação (Ucrit) de matrinxã após exposição à hipoxia. Para isso, os peixes foram expostos à hipoxia, sendo uma parte do grupo analisada antes e outra após natação forçada, por meio da Ucrit. A hipoxia resultou no aumento de lactato, glicose, cortisol e hematócrito. Mudanças nos níveis de sódio e potássio, bem como os valores de Ucrit não foram observadas. Sugere-se que o matrinxã seja sensível à hipoxia, mas os ajustes fisiológicos são suficientes para manter seu desempenho natatório

Post-intervention Status in Patients With Refractory Myasthenia Gravis Treated With Eculizumab During REGAIN and Its Open-Label Extension

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether eculizumab helps patients with anti-acetylcholine receptor-positive (AChR+) refractory generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG) achieve the Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (MGFA) post-intervention status of minimal manifestations (MM), we assessed patients' status throughout REGAIN (Safety and Efficacy of Eculizumab in AChR+ Refractory Generalized Myasthenia Gravis) and its open-label extension. METHODS: Patients who completed the REGAIN randomized controlled trial and continued into the open-label extension were included in this tertiary endpoint analysis. Patients were assessed for the MGFA post-intervention status of improved, unchanged, worse, MM, and pharmacologic remission at defined time points during REGAIN and through week 130 of the open-label study. RESULTS: A total of 117 patients completed REGAIN and continued into the open-label study (eculizumab/eculizumab: 56; placebo/eculizumab: 61). At week 26 of REGAIN, more eculizumab-treated patients than placebo-treated patients achieved a status of improved (60.7% vs 41.7%) or MM (25.0% vs 13.3%; common OR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.1-4.5). After 130 weeks of eculizumab treatment, 88.0% of patients achieved improved status and 57.3% of patients achieved MM status. The safety profile of eculizumab was consistent with its known profile and no new safety signals were detected. CONCLUSION: Eculizumab led to rapid and sustained achievement of MM in patients with AChR+ refractory gMG. These findings support the use of eculizumab in this previously difficult-to-treat patient population. CLINICALTRIALSGOV IDENTIFIER: REGAIN, NCT01997229; REGAIN open-label extension, NCT02301624. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE: This study provides Class II evidence that, after 26 weeks of eculizumab treatment, 25.0% of adults with AChR+ refractory gMG achieved MM, compared with 13.3% who received placebo

Minimal Symptom Expression' in Patients With Acetylcholine Receptor Antibody-Positive Refractory Generalized Myasthenia Gravis Treated With Eculizumab

The efficacy and tolerability of eculizumab were assessed in REGAIN, a 26-week, phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody-positive (AChR+) refractory generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG), and its open-label extension

Effects of climate scenarios on the growth and physiology of the Amazonian fish tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) (Characiformes: Serrasalmidae)

This study evaluated the effects of three climate scenarios predicted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change for 2100, on the growth and physiology of the tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). Juveniles of tambaqui were reared in four rooms (current conditions, and the climate scenarios B1, A1B and A2) for 150 days. Twelve fish were regularly collected for blood analyses and to have their weight and length measured. The amount of food consumed over the experimental period was recorded. Feed intake, weight gain and food conversion showed an increase in all climate scenarios (P < 0.05). Although these results were expected, the increases in weight gain in the more dramatic environmental situations were due to increases in feed intake. Increases in haematocrit, glucose, cortisol and triglycerides within the first 30 days of the experiment were observed. The present results indicate that climate changes can affect not only its feed intake, but also the growth of the tambaqui and that this fish species can recover blood parameters, suggesting an artificial acclimatization to the analysed environmental conditions after 30 days. Taken to nature, these characteristics of the tambaqui could cause ecological imbalances in the food web, in its frequency of occurrence and in its dominance. © 2016, Springer International Publishing Switzerland