Acacia spp.

These guidelines describe technical procedures that minimize the risk of pest introductions with movement of germplasm for research, crop improvement, plant breeding, exploration or conservation. The recommendations in these guidelines are intended for germplasm for research, conservation and basic plant breeding programmes. Recommendations for commercial consignments are not the objective of these guidelines

The Cholecystectomy As A Day Case (CAAD) Score: A Validated Score of Preoperative Predictors of Successful Day-Case Cholecystectomy Using the CholeS Data Set

Background Day-case surgery is associated with significant patient and cost benefits. However, only 43% of cholecystectomy patients are discharged home the same day. One hypothesis is day-case cholecystectomy rates, defined as patients discharged the same day as their operation, may be improved by better assessment of patients using standard preoperative variables. Methods Data were extracted from a prospectively collected data set of cholecystectomy patients from 166 UK and Irish hospitals (CholeS). Cholecystectomies performed as elective procedures were divided into main (75%) and validation (25%) data sets. Preoperative predictors were identified, and a risk score of failed day case was devised using multivariate logistic regression. Receiver operating curve analysis was used to validate the score in the validation data set. Results Of the 7426 elective cholecystectomies performed, 49% of these were discharged home the same day. Same-day discharge following cholecystectomy was less likely with older patients (OR 0.18, 95% CI 0.15–0.23), higher ASA scores (OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.15–0.23), complicated cholelithiasis (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.31 to 0.48), male gender (OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.58–0.74), previous acute gallstone-related admissions (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.48–0.60) and preoperative endoscopic intervention (OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.34–0.47). The CAAD score was developed using these variables. When applied to the validation subgroup, a CAAD score of ≤5 was associated with 80.8% successful day-case cholecystectomy compared with 19.2% associated with a CAAD score >5 (p < 0.001). Conclusions The CAAD score which utilises data readily available from clinic letters and electronic sources can predict same-day discharges following cholecystectomy

A manual of diseases of eucalyptus in South-East Asia

Avoidance of major epidemics of eucalypt diseases in South-East Asia requires an increases awareness of the risks from pathogens, inherent in plantation forestry and a systematic approach to disease management. A good knowledge is needed of those diseases, present in plantations. Based on such knowledge, tree species, provenances and clones can be assessed for their susceptibility to major pathogens and strategies can be devised for the systematic deployment of different clones of widely varying parentage throughout plantation regions. Clonal forestry then has the potential to become a powerful means for the control of plantation diseases, as practised in Brazil and South Africa for eucalypt cankers, rather than increasing the risk of epidemics. This manual will be of assistance to those charged with maintaining the health of eucalypt plantations, in identifying the common diseases present in their region. It provides recommendations for disease management and offers an introduction to relevant world literature. The manual is a companion to the earlier CIFOR-published "A manual of diseases of tropical acacias in Australia, South-East Asia and India

Diseases of tropical Acacias: proceedings of an International Workshop held at Subanjeriji (Southern Sumatra), 28 April - 3 May 1996

Acacias are of considerable social and industrial importance for tropical reforestation and it is expected that about 2 million hectares will be established in Southeast Asia by the year 2000. The acacia species currently of most interest for plantation forestry in the tropics are indigenous to northern Australia, Papua New Guinea and Irian Jaya. Recent reports from Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand and northern Australia suggest that the future productivity of acacia plantations may be affected by fungal pathogens including leaf spots, shoot blights, stem cankers, heart rot, root rots and gall rusts. During 1995-96 a series of disease surveys was undertaken by forest pathologists in native stands, trials, and operational and social forestry plantings of tropical acacias in Australia, India, Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand to assess the potential of fungal pathogens as limiting factors to tree growth and productivity and to assess the relative importance of individual fungal pathogens. Tree species included in the surveys were Acacia mangium and A. auriculiformis, on the basis of their current importance as plantation species. A. crassicarpa and A. aulacocarpa were also surveyed as, although they have been planted on a limited scale so far, they are included in provenance and species trials in many locations throughout the region. Scientists who had participated in the project met with research managers of five major Indonesian plantation pulp and paper companies and government business enterprises from 28 April - 3 May 1996 at the base camp of PT Musi Hutan Persada Subanjeriji in southern Sumatra, to present the results of their surveys. This publication is a status report on the diseases of acacias in the several countries based on information presented at the workshop. It provides a benchmark of the current knowledge of the pathology of the four most important Acacia species currently being grown in plantations in tropical areas of Southeast Asia, the Indian subcontinent and northern Australia

A manual of diseases of tropical acacias in Australia, South-East Asia and India

This manual provides methods for the development and evaluation of criteria and indicators (C&I) which can then be used to assess the sustainability of forest management. The manual is written primarily for researchers, people or groups interested in evaluating C&I for assessments of forests in new areas, or as a reference for readers wanting to know how CIFOR's Generic Template was produced. The methods presented are aimed at the development of sets of C&I for natural forest at the forest management unit level, especially in the tropics. Following an introductory chapter focusing on the overall purpose, specific objectives, and the C&I development process, three chapters explain how to prepare for C&I testing, how to conduct a test, and how to analyse the results. Subsequent chapters explain the conceptual basis of C&I development, with three case studies offered as examples, and suggested additional reading materials. Specific forms and tools that have been used in the course of CIFOR's testing are also presented, with examples of ways to present the results. The final chapter provides possible baseline sets of C&I, available to users for evaluation and testing in their own contexts

Detection of β-thalassaemia mutations using DNA heteroduplex generator molecules

British Journal of Haematology903564-571BJHE